Deck 15: Psychotherapy

Question 1

Which of the following terms refers to a psychoanalytic technique involving spontaneous expression of thoughts with as little censorship as possible?

A) Interpretation
B) Transference
C) Dream analysis
D) Free association

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Psychiatric social workers

A) typically work with patients and their families to help the patient integrate back into the community.
B) work as part of a treatment team.
C) generally have a master's degree.
D) All of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following concepts is least closely associated with psychoanalytic treatment?

A) Dream analysis
B) Free association
C) Negative thinking
D) Unconscious conflict

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The goals of biomedical therapy involve treatment to

A) provide physiological intervention.
B) change the client's thought patterns so that negative emotions can be controlled.
C) engage the clients in complex verbal interactions with their therapists.
D) make direct efforts to change clients' problematic responses.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a commonality between clinical and counseling psychologists?

A) Both must earn a doctoral degree of Ph.D. ,Psy.D.or Ed.D.
B) Both serve a one- to two-year internship in a clinical setting.
C) Both are primarily trained in everyday adjustment problems of people.
D) Both may use either insight or behavioral approaches.

Question 6

Freud believed that neuroses (i.e. ,phobias,anxiety,and panic)were caused by

A) negative thinking.
B) classically conditioned fear responses.
C) unresolved conflicts in the unconscious from early childhood.
D) incongruence between a person's self-concept and reality.

Question 7

Dr.Mortimer often prescribes and manages medications for clients with mood disorders and schizophrenia.Dr.Mortimer is most likely a

A) counselor.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) social worker.
D) psychiatrist.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding mental health services?

A) The two most common reasons people seek mental health services are schizophrenia and anxiety disorders.
B) Clients in treatment all have identifiable psychological disorders.
C) About 15% of the U.S.population use mental health services in a given year.
D) Nearly all of the people who need help will seek it.

Question 9

According to Freud,which of the following was/were the "royal road to the unconscious"?

A) The id
B) Dreams
C) Free association
D) Defense mechanisms

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true of people who seek mental health services?

A) Women are more likely than men to receive treatment.
B) Many people equate seeking therapy with personal strength.
C) Whites are more likely than blacks or Hispanics to obtain therapy.
D) People with more education and medical insurance are more likely to seek treatment.

Question 11

Dr.Benoit has an M.D.degree and usually treats people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.Dr.Benoit is most likely a

A) counselor.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) social worker.
D) psychiatrist.

Question 12

_____ specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

A) Counseling psychologists
B) Clinical psychologists
C) Psychiatrists
D) Psychiatric nurses

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true regarding outpatient therapy utilization rates?

A) The rates of those using public insurance are higher than those with private insurance.
B) Rates are relatively high among ethnic minorities.
C) The rates of married people are lower than those single or those divorced.
D) The rates of those with 17 years or more of education are higher than those with less education.

Question 14

The main goal of insight therapy is to

A) provide physiological intervention.
B) change the client's thought patterns so that negative emotions can be controlled.
C) engage the clients in complex verbal interactions with their therapists.
D) make direct efforts to change clients' problematic responses.

Question 15

_____ specialize in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.

A) Counseling psychologists
B) Clinical psychologists
C) Psychiatrists
D) Psychiatric nurses

Question 16

The broad concept that applies to all forms of psychotherapy is

A) a long process by which patients gain personal insight.
B) a relationship in which a professional explains to patients the best way to approach their personal problems.
C) a method of curing mental disorders.
D) a helping relationship between a professional with special training and another person in need of help.

Question 17

Physicians who specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders are called

A) psychiatrists.
B) clinical psychologists.
C) psychiatric nurses.
D) general practitioners.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a professional provider of psychotherapy?

A) Psychologists
B) Motivational speakers
C) Psychiatrists
D) Social workers

Question 19

Counselors

A) usually work in schools,colleges,geriatric centers,and human services agencies.
B) have doctorate degrees.
C) specialize in treating psychological disorders.
D) All of these

Question 20

The psychoanalytic technique that Freud and others used to understand symbols of the patients' innermost conflicts,wishes,and impulses in the unconscious is

A) interpretation.
B) transference.
C) dream analysis.
D) free association.

Question 21

In client-centered therapy

A) the client must be warm,supportive,and accepting of the therapy.
B) the process of therapy is not as important as the emotional climate.
C) the client is indulged to help him or her understand their ego.
D) the therapist provides the advice and the client does the interpretation.

Question 22

In group therapy,the role of the therapist is

A) to act as another equal member of the group for legal reasons.
B) to avoid expressing emotions and sharing feelings.
C) watch the participants cope with one another and then see them individually.
D) to select participants,set goals,initiate the therapeutic process and protect the clients from harm.

Question 23

Fred has been coming in late and been very argumentative with his psychoanalyst.He seems to block all efforts at furthering insight.He is likely showing

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) interpretation.
D) free association.

Question 24

Evaluating treatment results for insight therapies is

A) complicated because various schools of therapy have different goals.
B) subjective because clients' ratings are likely to be biased.
C) favorable compared to no treatment or to placebo treatment.
D) all of these.

Question 25

Which of the following is an assumption of behavior therapies?

A) We are products of our environment and have no control over our behavior.
B) Behavior is a product of learning.
C) It takes years of therapy to regain control over an aspect of our behavior.
D) Once something is learned,it cannot be unlearned.

Question 26

The controversy surrounding recovered memories is due to

A) the terrible abusive memories that were recovered through therapy.
B) the cost to the legal system to try all the cases.
C) the question of whether some therapists using hypnosis and leading questions might inadvertently create the memories of abuse that they are searching for.
D) the fact that the statute of limitations had lapsed for these types of crimes.

Question 27

In client-centered therapy,the condition of _____ means that the therapist should communicate in an honest and spontaneous manner.

A) empathy
B) clarification
C) unconditional positive regard
D) genuineness

Question 28

Client-centered therapy and psychoanalysis are similar in which of the following ways?

A) They have no similarities.
B) Both are conducted by therapists with a doctorate.
C) Both focus on clients becoming more aware of and comfortable about their genuine selves.
D) Both seek to achieve a major reconstruction of a client's personality.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a behavior therapy?

A) Sensitivity training
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Social skills training

Question 30

What is the first step in systematic desensitization?

A) The therapist trains the client in deep muscle relaxation.
B) The therapist helps the client build an anxiety hierarchy.
C) The client works on relaxing while imagining each stimulus related to the anxiety.
D) It doesn't matter what order these steps are done.

Question 31

Roger is in therapy.His therapist seems to really understand his world from Roger's point of view.This exemplifies the Rogerian client-centered therapy condition of

A) empathy.
B) sympathy.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) genuineness.

Question 32

_____ is the simultaneous treatment of several or more clients together.

A) Behavior therapy
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Group therapy
D) Talk therapy

Question 33

Which of the following is true of interpretation in psychoanalysis?

A) Analysts interpret everything.
B) Analysts try to startle the client with revelations about their insights.
C) Interpretations are offered that are just out of the client's own reach to move the client forward slowly.
D) Interpretations are designed for the client to relate to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives.

Question 34

_____ is a behavior therapy used to reduce clients' anxiety responses through counterconditioning.

A) Sensitivity training
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Social skills training

Question 35

An insight therapy that provides a supportive emotional climate for clients who play a major role in determining the direction of their own therapy is called

A) client-centered therapy.
B) psychoanalytic therapy.
C) group therapy.
D) self-help treatment.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions Rogers believed client-centered therapists must provide?

A) Empathy
B) Clarification
C) Unconditional positive regard
D) Genuineness

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of group therapy?

A) Participants learn their problems are not unique.
B) Participants can work on their social skills in a safe environment.
C) Participants learn which medications are working for others.
D) Certain kinds of problems are especially well suited to group treatment,such as peer self-help groups.

Question 38

The greatest improvement in insight therapies

A) are within the first 10 sessions.
B) are in the first 13 to 18 weekly sessions.
C) are after 20 weekly sessions.
D) take at least 45 sessions.

Question 39

The role of the participants in group therapy is

A) compete for the therapist's attention.
B) center on psychosocial issues.
C) learn to take turns.
D) give advice in a confrontational atmosphere.

Question 40

_____ therapies involve the application of the principles of learning to direct efforts to change clients' maladaptive behaviors.

A) Client-centered
B) Positive psychology
C) Behavior
D) Psychoanalytic

Question 41

Systematic desensitization is especially effective in the treatment of

A) people with deep muscle damage.
B) phobias and other anxiety disorders.
C) childhood trauma that has resulted in depression.
D) interpersonal problems.

Question 42

In systematic desensitization the client

A) learns to avoid the thing causing the most anxiety.
B) is subjected to stimuli that cause anxiety in order to get over the fear.
C) begins with stimuli that are least anxiety producing and gradually builds to the most arousing.
D) experiences artificial exposure to sources of anxiety with increasing amounts of medication in order to cope.

Question 43

Jorge is working on overcoming some of his social anxiety by watching how others interact with eye contact,active listening,and other good social skills.The therapist is helping Jorge engage in

A) behavioral rehearsal.
B) modeling.
C) shaping.
D) repetition.

Question 44

_____ is a therapy that uses physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders.

A) Neurological medicated therapy
B) Biomedical therapy
C) Psychopharmacotherapy
D) Psychophysiological therapy

Question 45

_____ is a behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes modeling,behavioral rehearsal,and shaping.

A) Sensitivity training
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Social skills training

Question 46

_____ is a behavior therapy in which a negative stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.

A) Sensitivity training
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Aversion therapy
D) Social skills training

Question 47

Which of the following are techniques used in cognitive therapy?

A) Modeling
B) Systematic monitoring of one's behavior
C) Behavioral rehearsal
D) All of these

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT true of antianxiety drugs?

A) They fall in the benzodiazepine family.
B) They are routinely prescribed for anxiety disorders and chronic nervous tension.
C) Their effectiveness is long lasting.
D) Common side effects include depression,nausea,and confusion.

Question 49

_____ is the treatment of mental disorders with medication.

A) Neurological medicated therapy
B) Biomedical therapy
C) Psychopharmacotherapy
D) Psychophysiological therapy

Question 50

According to cognitive therapists,which of the following is NOT true of depression-prone people?

A) The draw negative conclusions about their worth based on insignificant events.
B) They blame their setbacks on personal inadequacies rather than the situation.
C) They make unduly pessimistic projections about the future.
D) They ignore negative events instead of learning from them.

Question 51

Which of the following is true of cognitive-behavioral treatments?

A) They became a focus of attention in the 1970s.
B) Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy is an example of this type of treatment.
C) The primary goal is to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking.
D) All of these are true of cognitive-behavioral treatments.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT true of aversion therapy?

A) It has been successful with drug and alcohol abuse,gambling,stuttering,and overeating.
B) It is not widely used.
C) It is usually used as one element of a larger treatment program.
D) It is based on operant conditioning.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT true of drugs such as Thorazine,Mellaril,and Haldon?

A) They are antipsychotics used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia.
B) They are effective antianxiety drugs.
C) They are effective in reducing psychotic symptoms in about 70% of patients.
D) They require use over a span of weeks to months for effective improvement of symptoms.

Question 54

Nina tends to approach difficulties with self-defeating statements like,"No one really likes me" and "I'm just not smart enough." Nina would most likely be helped by

A) Sensitivity training
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Social skills training

Question 55

Margie is sure that she can never find a boyfriend who will love her like her old boyfriend did.Albert Ellis would probably help her

A) see that this is unduly pessimistic.
B) focus more on positive events as well as the negative.
C) consider the circumstances and avoid negative conclusions about her self-worth.
D) do all of these.

Question 56

Megan is very nervous when she speaks with more than one person at a time.Her therapist has helped her gradually increase her exposure to more than one person until she is speaking in front of a group.This part of the social skills training process is called

A) behavioral rehearsal.
B) modeling.
C) shaping.
D) repetition.

Question 57

Which of the following have NOT been helped through cognitive therapy?

A) Autism,mental retardation,and drug-related problems
B) Phobias,depression,and anxiety disorders
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorders,hyperactivity,and sexual dysfunction
D) All of these have been effectively treated with cognitive therapy.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a group of drugs used for psychological problems?

A) Mood stabilizers
B) Antianxiety drugs
C) Hallucinogens
D) Antipsychotic drugs

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of antipsychotic drugs?

A) Drowsiness and constipation
B) Tremors and impaired coordination
C) Tardive dyskinesia
D) All of these are possible side effects.

Question 60

Clients undergoing cognitive therapy will begin by

A) the therapist showing how maladaptive the person's thinking is.
B) the client learning how to change their overt behaviors.
C) learning to detect their automatic negative thoughts.
D) the therapist explaining that the root of all their problems is their attitude.

Question 61

Dr.Jones is an opponent of ECT use.She is most likely to state that

A) it rarely works well for severe depression.
B) side effects of memory loss and impaired attention go away in a few months,but are very upsetting to the client.
C) ECT-induced cognitive deficits are often significant and sometimes permanent.
D) There is strong evidence that ECT causes structural damage in the brain.

Question 62

Belle finds herself in therapy for situational depression after the death of her father.She also tells her therapist that she has often found it difficult to express her feelings to others and believes much of her problem stems from her own faults.If her therapist is part of current trends in therapy,the therapist will most likely

A) take a client-centered humanistic approach.
B) have Belle consider social skills building,cognitive-behavioral therapy,and psychodynamic or humanistic therapy.
C) choose one of the therapies she believes will be best.
D) send Belle to a psychiatrist for medication.

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier to ethnic minorities seeking psychotherapeutic services?

A) Institutional barriers
B) Equal opportunity barriers
C) Language barriers
D) Cultural barriers

Question 64

Wayne has been having mild hallucinations and some delusional thought.His psychiatrist is most likely to prescribe

A) an antipsychotic drug such as Valium.
B) an antipsychotic drug such as Haldol.
C) an antianxiety drug such as Thorazine.
D) an antianxiety drug such as Xanax.

Question 65

A survey of 531 psychologists found _____ percent were eclectic in their approach to therapy.

A) 19
B) 36
C) 49
D) 66

Question 66

Newer drugs called atypical or second-generation antipsychotic drugs

A) carry a higher risk for tardive dyskinesia.
B) decreases vulnerability to diabetes and cardiovascular problems found in earlier drugs.
C) can help some patients who do not respond to traditional antispsychotics.
D) do all of these.

Question 67

Tardive dyskinesia is

A) a psychological disorder treated by antipsychotic drugs.
B) a neurological disorder caused by hallucinogenic drug abuse.
C) a neurological disorder marked by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements.
D) a neurological disorder treated by antipsychotic drugs.

Question 68

A current trend in psychotherapy is

A) a movement toward integrating various approaches.
B) a strong leaning toward cognitive approaches.
C) a movement toward strong loyalty to individual schools of thought.
D) reliance upon biomedical approaches.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT true of drug therapies?

A) Drug therapies are often superficial and only provide temporary relief of symptoms.
B) Side effects can be worse than the illness the drug is supposed to cure.
C) The pharmaceutical industry is not sufficiently influential in research as it relates to drug testing.
D) Many patients are overmedicated.

Question 70

Dr.Smith is a proponent of ECT use.He is most likely to state that

A) enough favorable evidence exists to justify conservative use of ECT in treating severe mood disorders in patients who have not responded to medication.
B) only 5% of patients relapse within 6 to 12 months.
C) it works well for a wide variety of disorders.
D) all of these are true.

Question 71

The trend toward an eclectic approach in psychotherapies means more

A) therapists are unsure of what approach to use and don't seem to know what they are doing.
B) technology and electrical aids are being used to treat clients.
C) clinicians are asking the client which therapy they want to have.
D) therapists are using psychodynamic,cognitive-behavioral,humanistic or client-centered therapies based on whichever is the best approach for the specific client,problem,and situation.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT true of ECT?

A) It used to be used primarily for depression,but is currently used for a wide range of disorders.
B) It is used by about 8% of psychiatrists.
C) There are misconceptions about its risks and side effects.
D) Critics say it is overused because it boosts psychiatrists' income by taking less time than insight therapy.

Question 73

In order to gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression,

A) an antidepressant drug such as those in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors would probably be helpful.
B) an SSRI might be less helpful if the person's depressive mood is due to bipolar disorder.
C) some younger people in the first nine days of taking antidepressants may be more at risk for suicide than if given a placebo.
D) all of these statements are true.

Question 74

Beverly has been struggling with depression over a significant period of time.In her case,antidepressant drugs have not been helping and she is currently feeling suicidal.Her psychiatrist is likely to prescribe

A) antidepressants such as SSRIs.
B) antipsychotics such as Haldol.
C) electroconvulsive therapy.
D) mood stabilizers such as lithium.

Question 75

A current trend in treatment is

A) less concern for ethnic minority groups in mental health services since they rarely need treatment.
B) increased use of ECT.
C) increased multicultural sensitivity in treatment.
D) concern that not enough women are finding treatment.

Question 76

_____ is a biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to procedure a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions.

A) Mood stabilizers
B) Antianxiety drugs
C) Electronic client timer
D) Electroconvulsive therapy

Question 77

Regarding SSRIs,which of the following is true?

A) SSRIs cause deeper depression and increased risk of suicide.
B) Adolescents starting on SSRIs should be monitored closely.
C) Research on SSRIs conclusively indicates they should not be given to people who are severely depressed.
D) SSRIs are rarely used to treat depression.

Question 78

Vince has mood swings that vary from relatively deep depression and mania that has caused risk-taking problems.His psychiatrist

A) is likely to recommend lithium to prevent future episodes of both mania and depression.
B) is likely to recommend lithium to bring him out of a current manic or depressive episode.
C) will warn Vince that his blood must be monitored carefully because high concentrations of lithium can be toxic and even fatal.
D) is likely to do all of these.

Question 79

According to a survey of psychologists,the most to least prevalent forms of therapy in use are

A) more humanistic/client-centered,followed by psychodynamic,cognitive-behavioral,other,and finally eclectic.
B) more cognitive-behavioral,followed by,eclectic,psychodynamic,other,and finally humanistic/client-centered.
C) more psychodynamic,followed by cognitive-behavioral,humanistic/client-centered,other,and finally eclectic.
D) more eclectic,followed by psychodynamic,cognitive-behavioral,other,and finally humanistic/client-centered.

Question 80

With regard to cultural barriers to psychotherapy,some cultural groups in the United States prefer to rely less on psychotherapy than on assistance from

A) family members.
B) the clergy.
C) respected elders.
D) All of these