Deck 9: Biodiversity 2: Fungi and Plants

Question 1

Humans are more related to fungi than to plants.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is a major role that fungi play in ecosystems?

A)Recycling nutrients from dead organisms back into the food chain
B)Fixing carbon from the atmosphere
C)Synthesizing glucose from carbon dioxide and water
D)Decontaminating wastewater

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What does the vascular system do in plants?

A)It allows for the transport of water, sugar and minerals.
B)It is the main system that prevents dehydration in plants.
C)It is the main site of photosynthesis in plants.
D)It protects the plant's reproductive systems.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

If a fungicide was applied near a plant, how might it kill the plant?

A)By killing the fungus associated with the plant's roots
B)By breaking down the chitin in the plant's cell walls
C)By killing the insects that pollinate the plants
D)Fungicides kill fungi, not plants, so the plant would be fine.

Question 5

Plants are ________.

A)unicellular prokaryotes
B)unicellular protists
C)multicellular prokaryotes
D)multicellular eukaryotes

Question 6

Which of the following is a fungus?

A)Yeast used to make bread
B)Mushrooms
C)Truffles
D)All of the above are types of fungi

Question 7

Match the structures with their appropriate functions:

A)Roots allow plants to obtain carbon dioxide and water, while shoots allow plants to obtain nutrients and oxygen.
B)Roots allow plants to obtain water and nutrients, while shoots allow plants to obtain gases and sunlight.
C)Roots allow plants to obtain water, nutrients and glucose, while shoots allow plants to obtain sunlight.
D)Roots allow plants to obtain glucose, while shoots allow plants to obtain sunlight and water.

Question 8

All fungi are harmful to humans.

Question 9

Fungi spores are haploid; what distinguishes haploid spores?

A)Like diploid organisms, haploid spores have a double set of chromosomes.
B)Haploid spores have a single set of chromosomes, half the number of chromosomes of diploid organisms.
C)Haploid spores have a double set of chromosomes, half the number of chromosomes of diploid organisms.
D)Like diploid organisms, haploid spores have a single set of chromosomes.

Question 10

What are the charophytes?

A)A type of algae that live symbiotically with fungi
B)An extinct group of protists that may have given rise to the fungi
C)The oldest living plants
D)A type of algae that are the closest living ancestors of the first plants

Question 11

What is the most recent common ancestor of fungi and animals?

A)A protist
B)A moss
C)A bryophyte
D)An algae

Question 12

The edible portion of the mushroom is the ________.

A)mycelium
B)hyphae
C)spore
D)above-ground reproductive structure

Question 13

Which statement regarding fungal reproduction is true?

A)Fungi do not produce spores.
B)Many fungi can reproduce either sexually or asexually.
C)Fungi can only reproduce sexually.
D)All fungi can only reproduce asexually.

Question 14

What are two types of symbiotic relationships in plant roots?

A)Bacteria in root nodules, fungi in mycorrhizae
B)Bacteria in mycorrhizae, fungi in root nodules
C)Bacteria in root nodules, fungi in root hairs
D)Bacteria in root hairs, fungi in root nodules

Question 15

Fungi are made of bundles of threadlike ________.

A)mycelia
B)hyphae
C)chitins
D)lichens

Question 16

What characteristic do plants, algae, and some bacteria have in common that is not shared with fungi or animals?

A)They have cell walls.
B)They can do photosynthesis.
C)They contain mycorrhizae.
D)They have spores.

Question 17

How do fungi reproduce sexually?

A)By the fusion of zygotes from two different fungi
B)By the fusion of spores from the same individual fungus
C)By the fusion of haploid cells from two different fungi
D)Fungi reproduce only by asexual reproduction

Question 18

What are some challenges land plants face compared to life in the water?

A)Obtaining and retaining moisture
B)Staying upright against the pull of gravity
C)Obtaining resources from the air and soil instead of from water
D)All of the above are challenges faced by land plants.

Question 19

How does a plant's cuticle allow it to live on land?

A)By preventing water loss
B)By absorbing nutrients from the soil
C)By preventing the gametes from drying out
D)By increasing structural support

Question 20

Are all fungi prokaryotes?

A)Yes, all fungi are prokaryotes.
B)No, some are prokaryotes, some are eukaryotes.
C)No, they are all eukaryotes.
D)No, they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes.

Question 21

Where do plants typically store their starches and sugars for later use?

A)In the leaves
B)In the stems
C)In the flowers
D)In the roots

Question 22

While mosses can cover a significant area of land, they are never more than a few centimeters tall.Why do they not grow tall?

A)They have no vascular system, so they cannot transport water over long distances.
B)They are annuals and simply don't live long enough to get very tall.
C)They don't get enough sunlight to grow tall.
D)Herbivores constantly eat them to the ground.

Question 23

A sporophyte is ________.

A)diploid
B)haploid
C)both diploid and haploid depending on the generation
D)neither diploid nor haploid

Question 24

Why must mosses live in moist environments?

A)Because they lack a waxy outer layer
B)Because they depend on water to reproduce
C)Because they grow as a mat
D)Because they are pollinated by fish and aquatic insects

Question 25

When did the first plants evolved from algae?

A)470 thousand years ago
B)470 million years ago
C)4.7 billion years ago
D)We do not know exactly when the first plants evolved from algae.

Question 26

The ________ is the dominant form of most bryophytes; when you see mosses in the environment, it makes up the bulk of the plants' mass.

A)The gametophyte
B)The sporophyte
C)The spores
D)The gametes

Question 27

All plant organs (such as leaves, roots, and stems) contain tissues from all three tissue systems.

Question 28

What is a plant organ?

A)A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
B)A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function
C)A group of systems that work together to perform a specific function
D)There is no such thing as a plant organ; organs are only found in animals.

Question 29

What do gymnosperms and angiosperms have in common?

A)Flowers
B)Seeds
C)Spores
D)None of these

Question 30

What does a gametophyte produce?

A)Haploid gametes
B)Diploid gametes
C)Haploid spores
D)Diploid spores

Question 31

Why are roots essential for terrestrial plants?

A)They absorb carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis.
B)They allow plants to obtain sun energy.
C)They absorb water and minerals needed for growth.
D)Roots are not essential for plants, as plants can function without roots.

Question 32

Bryophyte spores are ________.

A)diploid
B)haploid
C)both diploid and haploid depending on the generation
D)neither diploid nor haploid

Question 33

Which of the following plant adaptations is shared by seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms?

A)Vascular tissue
B)Seeds
C)Flowers
D)Seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms do not share any plant adaptations.

Question 34

If the phloem in a tree trunk were to become blocked, how would this affect the plant?

A)The leaves would dry out.
B)Sugars could not be made.
C)Sugars could not be transported from leaves to roots.
D)Water could not be sent to the roots.

Question 35

What are the three tissue systems of plants contained in each plant organ, such as leaves?

A)Dermal, cell wall, and vascular tissue systems
B)Ground, germ, and vascular tissue systems
C)Dermal, ground, and vascular tissue systems
D)Ground, mesophyll, and vascular tissue systems

Question 36

What is the correct organization in plants, from smallest to largest?

A)Tissues, organs, tissue systems, cells
B)Cells, organs, tissues, tissue systems
C)Cells, tissues, tissue systems, organs
D)Cells, organs, tissue systems, tissues

Question 37

Which of the following is the most recent plant adaptation to have evolved?

A)Seeds
B)Vascular system
C)Flowers
D)Cones

Question 38

Which of the following is the correct order of plant adaptations, from oldest adaptation to youngest adaptation?

A)Seeds, flowers, vascular tissue
B)Flowers, seeds, vascular tissue
C)Vascular tissue, seeds, flowers
D)Vascular tissue, flowers, seeds

Question 39

What is a plant tissue?

A)A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
B)A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function
C)A group of systems work together to perform a specific function
D)There is no such thing as a plant tissue; tissues are only found in animals.

Question 40

In which tissue system of plants would you expect to find the guard cells?

A)Dermal tissue system
B)Vascular tissue system
C)Germ tissue system
D)Ground tissue system

Question 41

Which type of angiosperm typically has parallel leaf veins and a fibrous root system?

A)Monocot
B)Dicot
C)Conifer
D)Ferns

Question 42

Which types of plants contain vascular tissues?

A)All plants contain vascular tissues.
B)Only flowering plants contain vascular tissues.
C)Both gymnosperms and flowering plants contain vascular tissues.
D)All plants except bryophytes contain vascular tissues.

Question 43

Not all plants have seeds.What main advantage do seeds provide a plant?

A)Seeds allow plants to grow tall.
B)Seeds allow plants to alternate generations.
C)Seeds allow plants to produce needles.
D)Seeds allow plants to be independent of water for reproduction.

Question 44

What is the key adaptation of angiosperms that allowed these plants to dominate the landscape?

A)Spores
B)Flowers
C)Cotyledons
D)Cones

Question 45

Why do pine trees have two different types of cones?

A)One type produces the gametophyte, the other type produces the sporophyte.
B)One type produces ovules, the other type produces pollen.
C)One type is produced in the fall, the other type is produced in the spring.
D)One type produces seeds, the other type produces fruit.

Question 46

What plant group has the largest number of living species?

A)Seedless vascular plants
B)Cone-bearing plants
C)Flowering plants
D)Seedless, nonvascular plants

Question 47

How long ago did the first gymnosperms evolved?

A)36 thousand years ago
B)360 thousand years ago
C)36 million years ago
D)360 million years ago

Question 48

Why are gymnosperms no longer restricted to moist environments, as are ferns and mosses?

A)Because they have a new adaptation, seeds, that allow gametes independence from water
B)Because they have a new adaptation, the phloem, that allows better transport of sugar
C)Because they have a new adaptation, vascular tissues, that allow for the transport of water
D)Because they have a new adaptation, lignin, that allows better transportation of water

Question 49

Which statement related to gymnosperm reproduction is true?

A)Spores produce pollen grains, which contain sperm.
B)Gymnosperms, like ferns, alternate generations.
C)Many gymnosperms rely on insects for pollination.
D)Gymnosperm reproduction is so inefficient that gymnosperms do not grow very tall or live for very long.

Question 50

Ferns often have small bumps arranged in rows on their undersides.What are these structures?

A)Spore capsules
B)Seed capsules
C)Nodules containing symbiotic bacteria
D)Parasites

Question 51

The tall ferns that we typically see in the tropics and temperate woodlands are the ________.

A)sporophytes
B)gametophytes
C)gametes
D)spores

Question 52

Which of the following is a similarity between bryophytes and seedless vascular plants?

A)They both have no vascular tissues.
B)They both alternate generations between gametophyte and sporophyte.
C)They both contain lignin.
D)They are both independent of water for reproduction.

Question 53

Which is not an adaptation of the gymnosperms?

A)Cones
B)Seeds
C)Pollen
D)Flowers

Question 54

Ferns are independent of water for reproduction.

Question 55

What mechanism is responsible for moving water in the xylem?

A)Photosynthesis
B)Respiration
C)Transpiration
D)Digestion

Question 56

What role does lignin play in a plant's adaptation to life on land?

A)It prevents drying out.
B)It strengthens the cell wall to allow plants to stand up straight and tall.
C)It anchors the plant in the soil to allow plants to grow tall.
D)It helps transport nutrients throughout the plant.

Question 57

The xylem is made from ________.

A)elongated living cells
B)dead, hollow cells
C)tubular living cells
D)intercellular spaces between cells

Question 58

The xylem primarily transports ________, while the phloem primarily transports ________.

A)sugars; water and minerals
B)oxygen and carbon dioxide; sugars
C)water and minerals; sugars
D)water and minerals; oxygen

Question 59

Most of our food crops come from angiosperms.

Question 60

f you see a plant with a 4-petal flower and branched leaves, you can deduce that this plant is a type of ________.

A)angiosperm dicot
B)angiosperm monocot
C)gymnosperm dicot
D)gymnosperm monocot

Question 61

Imagine you were driving westward on a road in a wooded area.If ferns were growing in the area, which side of the road would they most likely be growing, and why wouldn't they be growing as well on the other side?

Question 62

Name four ways roots benefit a plant.

Question 63

The pollen tube grows from the ________ to the ________, where it eventually fertilizes the egg.

A)anther; style
B)sepal; filament
C)stigma; ovule
D)petal; ovary

Question 64

In which region of the plant are you most likely to find cells dividing by mitosis?

A)The meristem region
B)The growth rings
C)The heartwood
D)The sapwood

Question 65

Assuming it doesn't die unexpectedly, how often would you need to replant an annual plant?

A)Every season
B)Every year
C)Every two years
D)Never, the plant will keep on growing

Question 66

Explain how the diversification of mammals may have been greatly aided by the diversification of the angiosperms, and vice versa.

Question 67

Besides edible and poisonous mushrooms, describe two fungi that are beneficial to humans and two fungi that are harmful to humans.

Question 68

What is the reproductive organ of angiosperms?

A)Cones
B)Flowers
C)Seeds
D)Fruits

Question 69

What is a fruit?

A)A plant embryo
B)The protective endosperm
C)A swollen plant zygote
D)A mature ovary

Question 70

What causes the annual growth rings of trees?

A)Damage caused by fungi that occurs during the wetter months
B)Residual bark left over when the trunk of the tree expands
C)Different growth rates at different times of the year
D)Sugars left over from the previous summer

Question 71

Perennials are ________.

A)flowering plants that live for one year
B)flowering plants to live for two years
C)flowering plants that keep on reproducing for many years
D)a type of gymnosperms

Question 72

Draw the relationship between the four main types of plants, bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.Make sure to include the main adaptations that occurred at each transition.

Question 73

What is a carpel?

A)The pollen-producing reproductive structure
B)The egg-producing reproductive structure
C)The endosperm that provides nourishment to the embryo
D)The structure that contains filaments and anther

Question 74

What is the main purpose of flowers?

A)To attract pollinators
B)To be pleasing to the human eye
C)To attract attention in the landscape
D)To attract predators

Question 75

The male part of the flower is the ________.

A)petal
B)stamen
C)carpel
D)sepal

Question 76

The book mentions that maple syrup comes from the xylem sap of a tree.While this is true, why do you think most people assume it comes from the phloem sap?