Deck 6: Development of the Person

Question 1

A child (and sometimes an adult) who has little control of his or her actions is in which of Kegan's stages?

A) Interindividual
B) Impulsive
C) Intrapersonal
D) Interpersonal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The postmodern view of development suggests all but which of the following?

A) Abnormal behavior is a social construction
B) Realities are constituted through language
C) There are no essential truths
D) There are inborn, intrapsychic issues which are deeply rooted in our unconscious

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following does not represent how the human service professional might use knowledge of development?

A) Helps them understand characteristics that are commonly displayed by clients at different developmental stages
B) Helps them understand which "type" of clients they would not want to work with
C) Helps them understand the reasons why certain problems occur
D) Helps them understand the types of social issues and personal problems often experienced by clients as they pass through specific developmental stages

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The act of pushing certain memories out of our consciousness because they create too much anxiety is known as:

A) repression.
B) sublimation.
C) intellectualization.
D) projection.

Question 5

Which of the following are considered life-span developmental theorists?

A) Kegan and Erikson
B) Kohlberg and Gilligan
C) Freud and Rogers
D) Freud and Kohlberg

Question 6

Punishment is:

A) applying an aversive stimulus to decrease a behavior.
B) a synonym for negative reinforcement.
C) usually a highly effective method of change.
D) never necessary when dealing with children.

Question 7

Negative reinforcement:

A) is the same as punishment.
B) increases the likelihood of a response.
C) decreases the likelihood of a response.
D) is a principle of classical conditioning.

Question 8

During which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development does an individual begin to gain control over his or her body and explore the environment?

A) Initiative vs. Guilt
B) Trust vs. Mistrust
C) Identity vs. Role Confusion
D) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Question 9

Chucky wants to steal a cookie from the refrigerator when his mother isn't looking, but doesn't do so for fear of being disciplined. Which of Kohlberg's levels is Chucky probably in?

A) Preconventional
B) Post conventional
C) Conventional
D) Formal operational

Question 10

Which approach might suggest that difficulties in functioning occur as a result of introjection of others' values and conditions of worth?

A) Humanistic
B) Cognitive
C) Behavioral
D) Learning

Question 11

The persons who might have said, "It is not only the behaviors that are reinforced, but the ways in which people think," are:

A) Freud and Adler.
B) Beck and Meichenbaum.
C) Rogers and Maslow.
D) Gilligan and Kohlberg.

Question 12

Which represents Freud's "structure of personality"?

A) Id, ego, superego
B) Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital stages
C) Defense mechanisms
D) Object relations and neurotic anxiety

Question 13

Developmental theories tend to be sequential and orderly. This means that:

A) developmental stages build on one another and occur in a predictable fashion.
B) being in a later stage of development, always implies one is more mature
C) all developmental theories cannot be explained in any predictable fashion.
D) all people go through all stages in exactly the same order at the same times.

Question 14

The process in which the individuals changes their previous way of understanding the world and adopt a new method is called?

A) Assimilation
B) Fixation
C) Accommodation
D) Individuation

Question 15

Which of the following theorists proposed the concept of operant conditioning, emphasizing that reinforcement could increase the likelihood that a given response would be repeated in the future?

A) Freud
B) Skinner
C) Rogers
D) Piaget

Question 16

At which of Piaget's levels of cognitive development can children have complex and abstract thoughts?

A) Concrete operational
B) Preoperational
C) Formal operational
D) Postconventional

Question 17

Which of the following is true about Carol Gilligan's concept of moral development as compared to Kohlberg's?

A) Men, as compared to women, will tend to stress interdependence more than autonomy at the higher levels of development.
B) Some men may be viewed by Kohlberg at lower levels of moral development because they do not stress autonomy as much as women.
C) Men who are higher levels of moral development view the world differently than women who are at higher levels.
D) Gilligan's theory was based on much more sound science, as she observed individuals' responses to moral dilemmas where Kohlberg did not do so.

Question 18

Learning theory assumes that the way to alter maladaptive personality formation is through:

A) reflective listening.
B) free association.
C) past life regression.
D) classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling.

Question 19

Which term describes the core concept of Gilligan's understanding of women's moral development?

A) Standard of care
B) Developmental postconventionalism
C) Interindividuality
D) Interpersonal

Question 20

According to Freud, this part of the personality represents the formation of morality and is influenced by the values of parents and society.

A) Ego
B) Id
C) Superego
D) Erogenous zones

Question 21

Gilligan found that moral reasoning in women differed from that of men in that men value having the freedom to make choices, while women value connectedness.

Question 23

Kohlberg developed a theory of children's cognitive development, and Piaget developed a theory of children's moral development.

Question 24

Since development is so unpredictable, it is nearly impossible to develop helping strategies based on a client's developmental level

Question 25

The line between what is "normal" and what is "abnormal" is usually very clear and distinct.

Question 26

In Erikson's theory, a "virtue" is synonymous with a "strength."

Question 27

Matching (Match the theorist with the theory)
1. Piaget
2. Kohlberg
3. Gilligan
4. Eriskon
5. Kegan
6. White
7. Rogers
8. Skinner
9. Freud
A. Women’s Moral Development
B. Cognitive Development
C. Psychosocial Development
D. Post-modernism/Social Constructionism
E. Humanistic
F. Moral Development
G. Learning Theory
H. Constructive Development
I. Psychosexual development