Deck 1: The Science Of Genetics

Question 1

Which of the following requirements must be met by a substance in order to be considered hereditary material? 1.The material must be able to replicate or be replicated
2)The material must encode information regarding the structure and function of the organism.
3)The material must be able to change over time.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2 only
E) All of these

Answer 1

E

Question 2

In 1953 the structure of _____ was determined,as well as its role as the hereditary material for various organisms.

A) Amino acids
B) DNA
C) Protein
D) Carbohydrates
E) Lipids

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is considered a milestone in the field of genetics?

A) The Human Genome Project
B) The discovery of the rules of inheritance
C) The discovery of the structure of DNA
D) All of these
E) None of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The heritable factors that Mendel studied are now known as:

A) Nucleic acids
B) Amino acids
C) Genes
D) Unit factors
E) Peptides

Question 5

Mendel proposed that each individual organism (i.e.pea plants)carried how many alleles,or copies of a gene?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 6

Which of the following is not a principle of inheritance discovered by Mendel's garden pea experiments? 1.Each individual organism carries 2 copies of a gene in its normal state
2)Each individual organism randomly passes down one copy of each gene in its gametes (egg or sperm cell)
3)Each gene is inherited independently of the others and is a discrete entity

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2 and 3 only
E) All of these

Question 7

Which of the following persons contributed greatly to the understanding of the field of modern genetics?

A) Gregor Mendel
B) James Watson
C) Francis Crick
D) B and C only
E) All of these

Question 8

How did Mendel discover the rules of inheritance?

A) He interbred plants that showed different traits
B) He interbred animals that showed similar traits
C) He crossbred protists that showed different traits
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 9

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of DNA as determined in 1953? 1.A phosphate backbone with sugars linked together by nitrogenous base bonds.
2)A sugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases linked together by weak bonds
3)A nitrogenous base backbone with sugars linked together by phosphate bonds.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 3
E) None of these

Question 10

The building blocks of genes are:

A) Proteins
B) Amino acids
C) Nucleic acids
D) Lipids
E) Carbohydrates

Question 11

Nucleotides are composed of which of the following?

A) Pentose sugar, phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base
B) Pentose sugar, nucleic acid, and a nitrogenous base
C) Hexane molecule, muramic acid, and a phosphorylated base
D) Amino acid, phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base
E) DNA, RNA, and amino acid chain

Question 12

The collection of DNA molecules that is characteristic of an organism is known as its:

A) Allelic makeup
B) Genome
C) Phenotype
D) DNA array
E) None of these

Question 13

Which of the following is the sugar found in RNA?

A) Deoxyribose
B) Ribose
C) Sucrose
D) Fructose
E) Glucose

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases as is found in the structure of dsDNA?

A) A pairs with C
B) A pairs with T
C) A pairs with G
D) A pairs with A

Question 15

Nucleic acids are composed of a series of:

A) Amino acids
B) Nucleotides
C) Nucleic chromosomes
D) Peptide chains
E) Sugars

Question 16

Which of the following individuals are credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA?

A) James Watson and Arthur Kornberg
B) Francis Crick and Arthur Kornberg
C) Paul Erlich and James Watson
D) James Watson and Francis Crick
E) Francis Crick and Paul Erlich

Question 17

The Human Genome Project's purpose is/was:

A) To determine the sequence of the nucleotide pairs in human beings
B) To determine the cause of genetic diseases in human beings
C) To determine the rate of mutation in the human population
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 18

Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

A) Cytosine
B) Adenine
C) Guanine
D) Uracil
E) Thymine

Question 19

Different forms of the same gene are known as:

A) Peptides
B) Amino acids
C) Proteins
D) Alleles
E) Gene differences

Question 20

Which of the following is different between RNA and DNA? 1.RNA is double stranded and DNA is single stranded
2)RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded
3)RNA contains the nitrogenous base Uracil and DNA contains the base Thymine

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) 2 and 3

Question 21

What substance is produced via the process of transcription?

A) ssDNA
B) dsDNA
C) proteins
D) mRNA
E) enzymes

Question 22

Established historical relationships between organisms are known as a:

A) Phylogeny
B) Genealogy
C) Genomics
D) Proteomics
E) None of these

Question 23

The study of all the proteins in cells is known as:

A) Genomics
B) Allelomics
C) Proteomics
D) Gene array technology
E) None of these

Question 24

The process in which DNA is used as a template to produce RNA is known as:

A) Replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Codon usage
E) None of these

Question 25

The process in which RNA is used as a template to produce a polypeptide chain is known as:

A) Replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Codon usage
E) None of these

Question 26

If a geneticist is studying the frequency of sickle cell anemia in a group of individuals,to see how often the sickle cell allele is present within the group as a whole,he is practicing:

A) Molecular genetics
B) Classical genetics
C) Transmission genetics
D) Population genetics
E) Conservation genetics

Question 27

Which of the following proposed that variation makes it possible for a species to change over time?

A) Alfred Wallace
B) Charles Darwin
C) Gregor Mendel
D) Alfred Wallace and Charles Darwin
E) All of these

Question 28

Changes that are introduced into the DNA strand during replication are known as:

A) Codons
B) Phenotypes
C) Genotypes
D) Mutations
E) Errors

Question 29

Why is DNA considered to be the genetic material in cellular organisms?

A) It can replicate
B) It can direct the function and behavior of an organism
C) It can change over time
D) It can replicate and it can direct the function and behavior of an organism
E) All of these

Question 30

If a geneticist is studying how DNA replicates,is expressed and how mutations occur in the DNA strand,perhaps by studying a particular DNA sequence,he is practicing:

A) Molecular genetics
B) Classical genetics
C) Transmission genetics
D) Population genetics
E) Conservation genetics

Question 31

If the flow of hereditary information follows the pathway RNA®DNA,the process of _____________ ____________ must be involved.

A) Congruent Transcription
B) Inverse Replication
C) Reverse Transcription
D) Reverse Replication
E) Reverse Translation

Question 32

The National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI)is an organization that:

A) Maintains updated databases regarding genome sequences
B) Maintains updated databases regarding information about proteins
C) Is a source to obtain publications regarding genomic research
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 33

The study of genes on a molecular level is often referred to as:

A) Proteomics
B) Genomics
C) Amino acid array technology
D) Classical Genetics
E) None of these

Question 34

This man ran a privately funded project that was similar to the federally funded Human Genome Project.

A) Gregor Mendel
B) James Watson
C) Craig Venter
D) Francis Crick
E) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in a biological system?

A) DNA ® RNA ® Protein
B) Protein ® RNA ® DNA
C) DNA ® Protein ® RNA
D) RNA ® DNA ® Protein
E) Protein ® DNA ® RNA

Question 36

The collection of all the different proteins in an organism is known as:

A) Genome
B) Proteome
C) Polypeptide sequence
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 37

By analyzing patterns of inheritance,geneticists can localize genes to specific chromosomes and sometimes localize genes to specific positions within chromosomes.This is known as:

A) Chromosome counting
B) Chromosome mapping
C) Chromosome positioning
D) Genome analysis
E) Proteome analysis

Question 38

Coding units composed of triplets of adjacent nucleotides are known as:

A) Proteins
B) peptides
C) Codons
D) Tripods
E) None of these

Question 39

If a geneticist pursues their science by analyzing the outcomes of crosses between different strains of an organism,he is practicing:

A) Molecular genetics
B) Classical genetics
C) Population genetics
D) Conservation genetics
E) Environmental genetics

Question 40

Studies that emphasize the passing down of genes and chromosomes from one generation to another are known as studies in:

A) Population genetics
B) Hereditary genetics
C) Transmission genetics
D) Molecular genetics
E) None of these

Question 41

How have physicians benefited from the study of genetics?

Question 42

Briefly describe the process of DNA replication.

Question 43

Which of the following is a disease whose treatment or diagnosis has been influenced by the field of genetics?

A) Cystic Fibrosis
B) Breast Cancer
C) Heart Disease
D) Diabetes
E) All of these

Question 44

How does the study of genetics impact society as a whole?

Question 45

Which of the following is a way that the study of genetics influences society?

A) The use of DNA evidence in a paternity suit
B) The use of DNA to create new pharmaceutical drugs
C) The use of DNA to create drought resistant and pest resistant crops
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 46

An organism that has been altered by the introduction of a foreign gene is known as:

A) GMO
B) GMP
C) FDA
D) SOP
E) PCR

Question 47

A professional who is trained to advise individuals about their risks of inheriting or transmitting a genetic disease is known as:

A) Molecular geneticist
B) Population geneticist
C) Genetic counselor
D) Physician
E) None of these

Question 48

Briefly explain two ways the study of genetics has influenced agriculture

Question 49

Briefly explain how genetic information is expressed.