Deck 4: Extensions Of Mendelism

Question 1

Non-functional alleles are said to be:

A) Polymorphic
B) Amorphic
C) Hypomorphic
D) Heteromorphic
E) Homomorphic

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In mice,a cross between A?A? heterozygotes produces two kinds of progeny,yellow (A?A?)and gray-brown (A?A?),in a ratio of 2:1.Why is there an altered ratio of individuals produced?

A) A?A? individuals die during embryonic development due to the presence of a lethal mutation
B) A?A? individuals are physiologically more able to adapt to the birth process
C) A?A? individuals are the mutant phenotype and occur more frequently in nature
D) A?A? individuals are the mutant phenotype and occur more frequently in nature
E) None of these explains why there would be an altered ratio in this case

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The test to determine whether similar phenotypic mutations are alleles of the same gene based on the phenotypic effect of combining the mutations in the same individual is known as the:

A) Bradford assay
B) Complementation test
C) Live/Dead assay
D) ELISA
E) None of these

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Mutations that limit reproduction are known as:

A) Lethal mutations
B) Sterile mutations
C) Visible mutations
D) Non-visible mutations
E) Polymorphic mutations

Question 5

A medical technician is analyzing a blood sample in a clinical lab.It is determined that the red blood cells have both A antigens and B antigens present on their surface.In this case,the red blood cells are exhibiting a genetic characteristic known as:

A) Simple dominance
B) Incomplete dominance
C) Partial dominance
D) Semi-dominance
E) Codominance

Question 6

Which of the following abbreviations denotes a wild type individual?

A) c?
B) C?
C) c
D) C
E) None of these represents a wild type individual

Question 7

When a heterozygous organism shows characteristics found in each of the associated homozygote states because the different alleles contribute equally to the phenotype,the gene exhibits:

A) Simple dominance
B) Semi-dominance
C) Codominance
D) Incomplete dominance
E) Partial dominance

Question 8

Which of the following is the most appropriate representation of a codominant allele?

A) M
B) m
C) LM
D) L?
E) None of these

Question 9

If an allele has the same phenotypic effect in heterozygotes as in homozygotes-that is,the genotypes Aa and AA are phenotypically indistinguishable then the allele is:

A) Recessive
B) Dominant
C) Incompletely dominant
D) Codominant
E) Partially dominant

Question 10

A woman who is blood type A has a child who is blood type O.Which of the following individuals could not be the father of this child?

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type AB
D) Type O
E) All of these could be the fether

Question 11

If an individual has type O blood,what is the correct genotype for this individual?

A) I?i
B) ii
C) I?I?
D) I?i
E) It is impossible to tell based upon the information given.

Question 12

Alleles that are partially functional are said to be:

A) Polymorphic
B) Amorphic
C) Hypomorphic
D) Heteromorphic
E) Homomorphic

Question 13

Altered forms of the wild type allele are also commonly known as:

A) Varieties
B) Mutants
C) Oddities
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 14

Red snapdragons are crossed with white snapdragons and in the F1 generation this cross produces pink offspring.The allele (W)controlling the red color is considered to be:

A) Recessive
B) Dominant
C) Incompletely dominant
D) Codominant
E) None of these

Question 15

A woman who is blood type AB has a child with a man who is blood type O.Which of the following is not a possible blood phenotype for the child produced from this union?

A) AB
B) O
C) A
D) Choice A and Choice B are not possible
E) All of these are possible

Question 16

In genetic nomenclature,genes are typically named after the:

A) Dominant allele
B) Recessive allele
C) Mutant allele
D) Wild type allele
E) All of these

Question 17

Allele b denotes blue eyes in humans and allele B for brown eyes is completely dominant over b.Alele b is partially dominant over bg (green eyes)and bh (hazel eyes).Allele bh is completely dominant over bg (green eyes)What is the dominance hierarchy for this trait?

A) B>b>bg>bh
B) B>b>bh>bg
C) b>B>bg>bh
D) B>bg>bh>b
E) Bg>bh>b>B

Question 18

Mutations that alter some aspect of morphology are known as:

A) Lethal mutations
B) Sterile mutations
C) Visible mutations
D) Non-visible mutations
E) Polymorphic mutations

Question 19

The ABO blood system in humans is controlled by three distinguishable alleles.This is an example of what genetic principle?

A) Incomplete dominance
B) Partial dominance
C) Semi-dominance
D) Multiple alleles
E) Pleomorphism

Question 20

If a mutation occurs and it impairs a vital function of an organism the mutation is known as a:

A) Lethal mutation
B) Sterile mutation
C) Visible mutation
D) Non-visible mutation
E) Polymorphic mutation

Question 21

Which of the following is responsible for the discovery of the "one gene=one polypeptide" theory,which says that one gene is responsible for the formation of one polypeptide?

A) Darwin
B) Mendel
C) Bateson
D) Beadle and Tatum
E) Schleiden and Schwann

Question 22

When one gene influences many phenotypic expressions it is said to be:

A) Incompletely penetrant
B) Variably penetrant
C) Pleiotropic
D) Epistatic
E) Polygenice

Question 23

When individuals do not show a trait even though they have the appropriate genotype,the trait is said to exhibit:

A) Codominance
B) Incomplete dominance
C) Incomplete penetrance
D) Incomplete expressivity
E) Complete penetrance

Question 24

Polypeptides are macromolecules comprised of what monomer subunit?

A) Nucleic acids
B) Amino acids
C) Micromolecules
D) Enzymes
E) Proteins

Question 25

Most,but not all,loss of function mutations can be attributed to a:

A) Dominant allele
B) Recessive allele
C) Codominant allele
D) Partially dominant allele
E) Incompletely dominant allele

Question 26

Which of the following is a disadvantage for creating inbred animal lines? 1.Increased genetic purity
2)Increased inbreeding depression
3)Increased rate of expression of harmful recessive alleles

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) 2 and 3

Question 27

The work of Bateson and Punnett,who studied the combs of chickens,demonstrated that:

A) Two independently assorting genes can affect a trait.
B) Two linked genes can affect a trait
C) Two independently assorting genes cannot affect a trait
D) Two linked genes cannot affect a trait
E) None of these

Question 28

Summer squash color is determined by the interaction of more than one gene.The presence of CC or Cc allele combinations produces a squash that is white in color,and the C allele is epistatic to the G allele.The presence of GG or Gg produces a squash that is yellow in color,and ccgg produces a squash that is green.After two heterozygous squash are crossed one of the offspring is CcGg.What is the color of the offspring squash?

A) White
B) Yellow
C) Green
D) It is impossible to determine based on the information given
E) None of these

Question 29

Pattern baldness is an example of a genetic trait,often expressed differently in males and females.It is considered a ___________________ trait.

A) Sex-linked
B) Sex-influenced
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
E) Penetrant

Question 30

When two or more genes influence a trait,an allele of one of them may have an overriding effect on the phenotype.When an allele has such an overriding effect,it is said to be:

A) Dominant
B) Recessive
C) Penetrant
D) Epistatic
E) Expressive

Question 31

The inbreeding coefficient can be defined as the:

A) Probability that two gene copies in an individual are identical by descent from a common ancestor
B) Probability that two gene copies in an individual are different by descent from a common ancestor
C) Probability that two gene copies in an individual are identical by descent from two different ancestors
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 32

In maize,overall kernel color is controlled by both the endosperm and the aleurone colors.The Y allele produces a yellow endosperm while the homozygous recessive (y/y)state produces a white endosperm.Endosperm color is masked by the presence of a colored aleurone.The R and Pr genes control aleurone color.The combination of Pr and R alleles lead to a purple aleurone.The combination of pr and R alleles lead to a red aleurone.A homozygous recessive (r/r)produces a colorless aleurone,allowing the endosperm color to be expressed.Which allele is epistatic?

A) Y
B) R
C)Pr
D) Y and R
E) R and Pr

Question 33

In Drosophila that exhibit the Lobe eye mutation,some heterozygous flies have tiny compound eyes,whereas others have large,lobulated eyes and between these extremes,there is a full range of phenotypes.This mutation is said to have:

A) Incomplete penetrance
B) Complete penetrance
C) Complete expressivity
D) Variable expressivity
E) None of these

Question 34

Bateson and Punnett mated purple sweetpeas with white sweetpeas.F1 hybrids were all purple in color.When the hybrids were mated a ratio of 9 purple :7 white were observed in the F2 generation.Which of the following could best explain this observation?

A) Incomplete penetrance
B) Lethal alleles
C) Epistasis
D) Codominance
E) Incomplete dominance

Question 35

Geneticists use the _______________________ to analyze the effects of matings between relatives.

A) Expressivity coefficient
B) Inbreeding coefficient
C) Mating frequency
D) Chi-square value
E) Student T-test

Question 36

The allele for polydactyly is dominant,but most individuals do not exhibit the polydactyly trait.Which of the following explains why this occurs in nature?

A) The allele for polydactyly is completely penetrant
B) The allele for polydactyly is never expressed
C) The allele for polydactyly is incompletely penetrant
D) The allele for polydactyly is variably expressive
E) None of these is an adequate explanantion

Question 37

The gene that controls Marfan's Syndrome causes abnormal heart defects,the presence of long limbs,the presence of increased height,and many other physical characteristics.It could be said that the gene that controls Marfan's Syndrome is:

A) Expressive
B) Penetratn
C) Pleiotropic
D) Polygenic
E) Epistatic

Question 38

The work of Beadle and Tatum not apply to every gene.Why not?

A) Genes never encode polypeptide sequences
B) Some genes encode RNA sequences that do not lead to the formation of polypeptides
C) Some genes encode other DNA sequences that do not lead to the formation of polypeptides
D) All of these are correct
E) None of these

Question 39

A mutation that actually interfere with the function of the wild-type allele by specifying polypeptides that inhibit,antagonize,or limit the activity of the wild-type polypeptide is known as:

A) Loss of function mutation
B) Partial loss of function mutation
C) Recessive mutation
D) Gain of function mutation
E) Dominant negative mutation

Question 40

Which of the following can control gene activity?

A) Temperatue
B) Biological factors such as an individual's sex
C) Diet
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 41

The inbreeding coefficient is represented by which of the following:

A) (1/2)?
B) n?¹/²?
C) (1/2)? * 2
D) (1/2) + n
E) n - (1/2)

Question 42

The coefficient of relationship is represented by which of the following:

A) (1/2)?
B) n?¹/²?
C) (1/2)? * 2
D) (1/2) + n
E) n - (1/2)

Question 43

The inbreeding coefficient can be used to measure:

A) The decline in a complex phenotype
B) The increased frequency of recessive disorders among the offspring of consanguineous matings
C) The closeness of genetic relationships
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 44

The trait of wavy flowers in petunias is determined by the genetic condition PP'.Plants with flat flowers are PP,while plants with curly flowers are P'P'.A cross is made between two plants each with wavy flowers.If they produce 200 seedlings,what phenotypes and in what numbers would you expect? What is the term for this allelic relationship?

Question 45

On a national talk show a woman was claiming that a man was the father of her child.She had blood type AB.The child had type B.The suspected father had type O.The suspected father maintained the claim that since he had type O blood he could not be the father.You have been called in as an expert witness.Explain why or why not the man could be the father of the child.

Question 46

Summer squash color is determined by the interaction of more than one gene.The presence of CC or Cc allele combinations produces a squash that is white in color,and the C allele is epistatic to the G allele.The presence of GG or Gg produces a squash that is yellow in color,and ccgg produces a squash that is green.After two fully heterozygous squash are crossed give the phenotypes,and frequency of occurrence,of the F2 offspring.

Question 47

The fraction of genes that two individuals share due to common ancestry is known as:

A) The inbreeding coefficient
B) The coefficient of relationship
C) The relative constant
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 48

In a mating between individuals with the genotypes I?I? X I?I?,what percentage of the offspring are expected to have the O blood type?

Question 49

In maize,overall kernel color is controlled by both the endosperm and the aleurone colors.The endosperm color is yellow when the allele Y is present.In the homozygous recessive (y/y)condition the endosperm is white.The Y alleles are masked by the presence of a colored aleurone.The R and Pr genes control the aleurone color.The allele Pr interacts with the R allele to produce a purple color,whereas in the recessive condition (pr/pr),the gene interacts with the R allele to produce a red color.If the R allele is present in the homozygous recessive state (r/r)then the aleurone will be colorless,allowing the endosperm color to be expressed.Two fully heterozygous individuals are crossed.Give the phenotypes,and frequency of occurrence,of the F2 offspring.