Deck 11: Transcription And RNA Processing

Question 1

RNA polymerase binds to a specific nucleotide sequence on the template strand known as a/an:

A) Operator
B) Promoter
C) Enhancer
D) Silencer
E) None of these

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a way in which RNA synthesis is similar to DNA synthesis?

A) Precursors are ribonucleoside triphosphates.
B) Only one strand of DNA is used as a template for the synthesis of a complementary RNA chain in any given reaction.
C) The basepair sequence of the mRNA is identical to the nontemplate strand of DNA except that U substitutes for T.
D) RNA chains can be initiated de novo.
E) None of these

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which part of the cell is the location for translation?

A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosome
D) Cytosol
E) Lysosome

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which process transfers information from RNA molecules to proteins?

A) Replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Splicing
E) None of these

Question 5

How many strands of DNA are used as a template during the process of transcription?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
E) None of these

Question 6

Which part of the eukaryotic cell is the location of transcription?

A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosome
D) Cytosol
E) Lysosome

Question 7

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic RNA's differ in that:

A) rRNA molecules are only subunits of the prokaryotic ribosome.
B) Eukaryotes have a pre-mRNA that requires splicing to create the functional transcript
C) Prokaryotes have non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA-transcript processing
D) Eukaryotes have simpler ribosomes, consisting of fewer subunits.
E) None of these

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the central dogma of biology?

A) DNA®Protein®RNA
B) RNA®DNA®Protein
C) DNA®DNA®Protein
D) DNA®RNA®Protein
E) Protein®RNA®DNA

Question 9

Which enzyme catalyzes the addition of new ribonucleotides to the free 3' end of the growing molecule?

A) DNA Polymerase
B) RNA Polymerase
C) Ligase
D) DNA Gyrase
E) Helicase

Question 10

Which process transfers information from DNA to RNA?

A) Replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Splicing
E) None of these

Question 11

Consider the DNA template 3'-AAATTTTAGCCA-5'.When transcribed,which of the following is the correct resulting transcript?

A) 5'-TTTAAATCGGT-3'
B) 5'-UUUAAAUGCCA-3'
C) 5'-UUUAAAUCGGU-3'
D) 3'-TTTAAATCGGT-5'
E) 3'-AAATTTTAGCCA-5'

Question 12

The RNA molecules that are intermediaries between DNA and polypeptides are known as:

A) tRNA
B) mRNA
C) rRNA
D) sRNA
E) pRNA

Question 13

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the transfer of information from DNA to RNA. 1.It is always irreversible
2)It occurs during a process known as translation
3)It is sometimes reversible

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) 2 and 3

Question 14

What name is given to the short (20 to 22-nucleotide)single-stranded RNAs that are cleaved from hairpin-shaped precursors and block the expression of complementary mRNAs by either causing their degradation or repressing their translation?

A) tRNA
B) mRNA
C) rRNA
D) sRNA
E) pRNA

Question 15

During transcription the newly formed complementary strand of RNA is known as the:

A) Translate
B) Transcript
C) cRNA
D) cDNA
E) Genetic Code

Question 16

Nucleotide triplets in the gene transcript known as _____________ specify the amino acids which will be added during translation.

A) Genes
B) Alleles
C) Codons
D) Anticodons
E) tRNA

Question 17

Small RNA molecules that function as adaptors between amino acids and the codons in mRNA during translation are known as:

A) tRNA
B) mRNA
C) rRNA
D) sRNA
E) pRNA

Question 18

RNA synthesis takes place within a locally unwound segment of DNA,sometimes called the:

A) Translation bubble
B) Replication bubble
C) Transcription bubble
D) DNA/RNA hybrid
E) Operator bubble

Question 19

mRNA strands that will specify amino acids in the protein gene product are also known as:

A) Coding strands
B) Sense strands
C) Antisense strands
D) Coding strands and Sense strands
E) Coding strands and Antisense strands

Question 20

Which type of RNA are structural components of spliceosomes,the nuclear structures that excise introns from nuclear genes?

A) tRNA
B) mRNA
C) rRNA
D) sRNA
E) pRNA

Question 21

In which direction does RNA synthesis occur?

A) 5' ® 3'
B) 3' ® 5'
C) 1' ® 3'
D) 5' ® 3'and 3' ® 5'
E) RNA synthesis occurs randomly without a specific direction

Question 22

The initiation of transcription is characterized by:

A) The binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region of the template DNA
B) The binding of DNA polymerase to the operator region of the template RNA
C) The binding of Helicase to the operator region of the template RNA
D) The binding of Ligase to the promoter region of the template DNA
E) None of these

Question 23

During a research event,the s subunit is removed from the RNA polymerase enzyme.How will this affect the initiation of transcription?

A) Transcription will initiate and proceed normally
B) Transcription initiation will be stopped
C) Transcription will initiate at random spots along the template
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 24

The addition of the 5' 7-methyl guanosine (7-MG)cap occurs during which stage of eukaryotic transcription?

A) Initiation
B) Elongation
C) Termination
D) Post-transcriptional processing
E) It can occur at any time

Question 25

The -10 consensus sequence in the nontemplate strand is often recognized by which of the following base pair sequences?

A) TATAAT
B) TTGACA
C) ATTGAC
D) CAGTTA
E) TAAAAA

Question 26

Which of the following E.coli RNA polymerase subunits are responsible only for promoter specific transcription in vitro?

A) a
B) b
C) b'
D) s
E) q

Question 27

What is the purpose for the addition of the 5' 7-methyl guanosine cap on eukaryotic pre-mRNA molecules?

A) It prevents the degredation of the sequence by nucleases
B) It prevents the degredation of the sequence by lysosomes
C) It guides the pre-mRNA sequence out of the plasma membrane
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 28

The covalent extension of a growing RNA chain takes place in which of the following locations?

A) Promoter
B) Operator
C) Transcription bubble
D) Replication bubble
E) Enhancer

Question 29

Which of the following RNA polymerases catalyze the initiation of transcription in most eukaryotic genes?

A) RNA Polymerase 1
B) RNA Polymerase 2
C) RNA Polymerase 3
D) RNA Polymerase 4
E) RNA Polymerase 5

Question 30

The sigma subunit initially recognizes and binds to which of the following sequences?

A) -10
B) -35
C) -50
D) +10
E) +35

Question 31

Which of the following are biochemical features of RNA polymerase? 1.5'->3' polymerase activity.
2)Recognition of a promoter sequence to initiate transcription with help from factors.
3)Local unwinding of DNA,called a transcription bubble,provides a template for enzymatic activity.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2 and 3
E) All of these

Question 32

Which of the following is not a major modification that the primary transcript in eukaryotes undergoes before use during translation?

A) Methyl guanosine caps are added to the 5¢ ends of the primary transcripts
B) Poly(A) tails are added to the 3¢ ends of the transcripts
C) Intron sequences are spliced out of transcripts.
D) Exon sequences are spliced out of transcripts.
E) All of these are major modifications

Question 33

A basepair sequence preceding the transcription initiation site is known as a/an:

A) Upstream sequence
B) Downstream sequence
C) Promoter
D) Operator
E) Enhancer

Question 34

Which of the following characteristics of transcriptional termination is indicative of rho-dependent activity?

A) Hairpin structure
B) Protein moving 3'->5' on the growing mRNA
C) Six or more GU basepairs
D) Protein mediated "pulling" of the nascent RNA chain from the transcription bubble
E) All of these

Question 35

The polyadenylation of the pre-mRNA sequences in eukaryotes occurs during which stage of eukaryotic transcription?

A) Initation
B) Elongation
C) Termination
D) Post-transcriptional processing
E) It can occur at any time

Question 36

The function of the core enzyme of RNA Polymerase is:

A) To recognize and bind RNA polymerase to the transcription initiation or promoter sites in DNA
B) To recognize and bind DNA polymerase to the transcription initiation or promoter sites in RNA
C) catalyze RNA synthesis from DNA templates in vitro
D) To catalyze DNA synthesis from DNA templates in vitro
E) To catalyze DNA synthesis from RNA templates in vitro

Question 37

Which of the following is the correct order of the steps of transcription?

A) Initiation, termination, elongation
B) Initiation, transcription, elongation
C) Initiation, elongation, termination
D) Elongation, transcription, termination
E) Termination, elongation, initiation

Question 38

Which statement is correct about E.coli promoters:

A) Most promoters have a high degree of sequence similarity.
B) -10 and -35 regions show the most conservation between promoters.
C) The GC-rich -10 region facilitates the localized unwinding of DNA .
D) Distance between the -10 and -35 regions is moderately conserved from 10 to 30 nucleotides in length
E) None of these statements are correct

Question 39

Which of the following is the RNA polymerase that is used for transcription in eukaryotes 1.RNA Polymerase 1
2)RNA Polymerase 2
3)RNA Polymerase 3

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) All of these

Question 40

In eukaryotes,when RNA Polymerase II initiates transcription: 1.Basal transcription factors,designated TFIX (X is a letter designating individual factors),are required.
2)TFIID is the first protein to bind the promoter.
3)TFIIA catalyzes the unwinding of the DNA helix

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) All of these

Question 41

The 3¢ ends of RNA transcripts synthesized by RNA polymerase II are produced by: 1.Endonucleolytic cleavage of the primary transcripts
2)Termination of transcription
3)The addition of the 5' 7-methyl guanosine cap

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) All of these

Question 42

Briefly describe the process of initiation for RNA transcription in prokaryotes

Question 43

Introns in mRNA are removed by:

A) The concerted action of a splicing endonuclease and Ligase
B) Autocatalytical splicing
C) Ribonucleoprotein structures called spliceosomes
D) All of these
E) none of these

Question 44

Noncoding sequences found in eukaryotic genes that interrupt the coding sequences are known as:

A) Introns
B) Exons
C) Spliceosomes
D) Pre-mRNA
E) None of these

Question 45

Introns in tRNA are removed by:

A) The concerted action of a splicing endonuclease and Ligase
B) Autocatalytical splicing
C) Ribonucleoprotein structures called spliceosomes
D) All of these
E) none of these

Question 46

Compare,in detail,the three forms of introns removal in eukaryotes.

Question 47

How does transcription and RNA processing in eukaryotes differ from the same processes in prokaryotes?

Question 48

Compare and contrast rho-independent termination and rho-dependent termination during transcription in prokaryotes

Question 49

The snRNA responsible for the recognition/binding of the 5' splice site prior to the initial cleavage reaction is:

A) U1
B) U2
C) U3 and U4
D) U5 and U1
E) U6

Question 50

The promoter region in E.coli is comprised of two traditionally recognized sequences.Describe these sequences,their properties,and their purposes.

Question 51

Which of the following is a form of RNA editing? 1.The polyadenylation of the pre-mRNA sequence
2)The changing of the structures of individual bases
3)The insertion or deletion of uridine monophosphate residues

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) 2 and 3

Question 52

How does initiation of transcription in eukaryotes differ from initiation of transcription in prokaryotes?