Deck 15: Genomics

Question 1

The study of genome evolution is also known as:

A) Comparative genomics
B) Functional genomics
C) Structural genomics
D) Phylogenetic genomics
E) Comparative genomics and Phylogenic genomics

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is used to construct a physical map of a chromosome
1)Recombination frequencies
2)Banding patterns of chromosomes
3)Molecular distances separating sites on a DNA fragment

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 3
E) All of these

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is a method for correlating a physical map of a chromosome with a genetic map and/or a cytological map?
1)Genes that have been cloned can be positioned on the cytological map by in situ hybridization
2)Locating clones of genetically mapped genes or RFLPs on the physical map
3)Using PCR to amplify short unique genomic DNA sequences and Southern blots to relate these sequences to overlapping clones on physical maps

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) All of these

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Polymorphic tandem repeats that are only two to five nucleotide pairs long and are extremely valuable in the creation of high density maps of eukaryotic chromosomes are known as:

A) RFLP
B) EST
C) Microsatellites
D) Macrosatellites
E) FISH

Question 5

A map that integrates the cytological,genetic and physical maps of a chromosome is referred to as:

A) High density maps
B) High correlation maps
C) Correlated map structure
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 6

Which of the following is a type of RFLP,particularly useful for mapping in humans,that is not based upon the cleavage pattern of a particular restriction enzyme but on the difference of the number of copies of a repeated sequence between restriction sites?

A) RFLP
B) EST
C) PCR
D) FISH
E) VNTR

Question 7

Which of the following is a method used for mapping the chromosomal location of genes and other molecular markers?
1)Recombination frequency mapping
2)Mapping based on positions relative to cytological features
3)Mapping based on physical distance

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) All of these

Question 8

Short unique anchor sequences that correlate physical,genetic,and cytological maps of chromosomes are known as:

A) STSs
B) ORIs
C) PCRs
D) STRs
E) ESTs

Question 9

Short cDNA sequences used as hybridization probes to anchor physical maps to genetic and cytological maps of chromosomes are known as:

A) STSs
B) ORIs
C) PCRs
D) STRs
E) ESTs

Question 10

Which subdiscipline based technology is known to fall under the term genomics?

A) Mapping
B) Sequencing
C) Analyzing the functions of entire genomes
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 11

Overlapping genomic clones found in physical chromosome maps are also known as:

A) STSs
B) Contigs
C) ORI sites
D) Polylinkers
E) All of these

Question 12

Markers that have been mapped both physically and genetically on a chromosome are known as:

A) Anchor markers
B) Attachment markers
C) Hybridized markers
D) Anchor markers and Attachment markers
E) All of these

Question 13

Which of the following organisms would be best suited for undergoing chromosome walking to clone a gene based upon map position?

A) C. elegans
B) Human
C) Mouse
D) Rhesus Monkey
E) C. elegans and Human

Question 14

Which of the following is used to construct a genetic map of a chromosome?
1)Recombination frequencies
2)Banding patterns of chromosomes
3)Molecular distances separating sites on a DNA fragment

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 3
E) All of these

Question 15

Which of the following techniques can be used to position clones on a cytological map?

A) Southern blotting
B) Northern blotting
C) In situ hybridization
D) Western blotting
E) PCR

Question 16

Which of the following criteria would allow a researcher to perform chromosome walking in an organism? 1.Small genome size
2)A small amount of dispersed repetitive DNA
3)A large amount of dispersed repetitive DNA

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) 1 and 3

Question 17

Within the euchromatic regions of human chromosomes one CentiMorgan is equivalent,on average,to what physical distance of DNA?

A) 1mb
B) 1kb
C) 1mm
D) 1cm
E) 10mb

Question 18

The subdiscipline of genetics that focuses on the structure and function of entire genomes is known as:

A) Recombinant DNA techniques
B) Gene cloning
C) DNA amplification
D) Genomics
E) Proteomics

Question 19

The ability of scientists to identify and isolate genes based on information about their location in the genome is known as:

A) Functional mapping
B) Positional cloning
C) Positional mapping
D) Microarray analysis
E) None of these

Question 20

Variations in the lengths of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzyme digestion are known as:

A) RFLPs
B) ESTs
C) PCRs
D) VNTRs
E) STRs

Question 21

The most common changes in human genomes are single nucleotide-pair substitutions such as A:T to G:C or G:C to A:T substitutions.These are known as:

A) NSPs
B) VNTRs
C) STRs
D) SNPs
E) ESTs

Question 22

The science of gathering,manipulating,storing,retrieving,and classifying recorded biological information is known as:

A) Functional genetics
B) Structural genetics
C) Comparative genetics
D) Evolutionary genetics
E) Bioinformatics

Question 23

Based on the sequencing data acquired from the Human Genome Project,what percentage of the human genome is comprised of exons,which will be translated into proteins?

A) 1.1%
B) 24%
C) 54%
D) 75%
E) 90%

Question 24

Which of the following is true for the procedures of both chromosome walking and chromosome jumping?
1)It is initiated by using a molecular probe such as an RFLP as a starting point
2)DNA fragments are prepared by partial digestion with a restriction enzyme
3)Genomic fragments are circularized using DNA Ligase

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 3
E) All of these

Question 25

Which of the following genes have been identified using chromosome jumping?

A) Cystic fibrosis gene
B) Vestigial wing gene
C) Blue eye gene
D) Cystic fibrosis and Blue eye gene
E) All of these

Question 26

The SNPs on a chromosome segment that tend to be inherited together define a genetic unit called a:

A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Haplotype
D) Maplotype
E) Genome sequence

Question 27

Which of the following could be a result of studying the SNPs in the human genome?
1)It may be possible to trace important genetic events in the evolutionary history of our species
2)It may be possible to predict a person's susceptibility to diseases like cancer and heart disease
3)It may be possible to track human ancestry

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) All of these

Question 28

Single nucleotide polymorphisms can be identified in the human genome via the use of what technology?

A) PCR
B) Microarray Hybridization
C) Southern blots
D) Northern blots
E) Western blots

Question 29

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using gene chips to study gene expression?
1)Gene chips cannot provide information on whether a sequence has been transcribed
2)Gene chips cannot provide information on whether a sequence has been translated
3)Gene chips hold sequences for entire genomes so it makes it harder to study individual sequences

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 3
E) All of these

Question 30

Which of the following technologies allowed researchers to create a high density/ higher resolution map of the human genome?

A) FISH
B) PCR
C) Radiation hybrid mapping
D) Recombination mapping
E) None of these

Question 31

Which of the following men are responsible for the rapid progress of the sequencing activities of the Human Genome Project?

A) Francis Collins
B) Craig Venter
C) James Watson
D) Francis Collins and Craig Venter
E) Francis Collins and James Watson

Question 32

Homologous genes within a species are known as:

A) Paralogues
B) Orthologues
C) Heterologues
D) Similogues
E) None of these

Question 33

Which of the following could be a future application of the technology,skills,and data acquired from the Human Genome Project?
1)Individuals can have their DNA sequenced
2)Researchers can determine genetic variations among different populations of humans
3)Drugs can be developed based upon an individuals genetic makeup

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1 and 2
E) All of these

Question 34

In what type of hybridization are the gene-specific nucleotide sequences bound to membranes in specific patterns,and hybridized to radioactive,or fluorescent,RNA or cDNA preparations?

A) Southern blots
B) FISH
C) Dot-blot arrays
D) Northern blots
E) Western blots

Question 35

What is the purpose of the International HapMap Project?

A) To sequence the genomes of each individual on earth
B) To characterize the similarities and differences in human genomes worldwide
C) To create physical chromosome maps of each individual on earth
D) To correlate protein function with gene structure
E) All of these

Question 36

Which of the following was not an initial goal of the Human Genome Project when it was organized in 1990?

A) Map all the human genes
B) Construct a detailed physical map of the entire human genome
C) Determine nucleotide sequence of all 24 human chromosomes
D) Map the gene sequence of Francis Crick
E) All of these were initial goals

Question 37

Based on the sequencing data acquired from the Human Genome Project,how many genes are in the human genome?

A) 20,000-35,000
B) 50,000-100,000
C) 100,000-120,000
D) 150,000-200,000
E) 220,000-250,000

Question 38

Which of the following is a subdiscipline of genetics that compares nucleotide sequences of the genomes of various organisms in order to study evolutionary relationships?

A) Functional genetics
B) Structural genetics
C) Comparative genetics
D) Evolutionary genetics
E) Bioinformatics

Question 39

Which of the following proteins is being used to monitor the synthesis and localization of proteins in vivo?

A) Lactase
B) GFP
C) Kinase
D) Lactase and GFP
E) Lactase and Kinase

Question 40

If a molecular marker such as a restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP)maps close to a gene,the gene can usually be isolated by which of the following?

A) Chromosome walking
B) Chromosome jumping
C) Chromosome dancing
D) Chromosome walking and Chromosome jumping
E) All of these

Question 41

Which of the following is a bioinformatics tool?

A) BLAST search
B) GENBANK
C) Microarray hybridization
D) BLAST search and GENBANK
E) All of these

Question 42

How are physical maps of chromosomes/genomes created using clone banks?

Question 43

Why was it necessary to use radiation hybrid mapping to help construct a map of the human genome,and how is radiation hybrid mapping conducted?

Question 44

Which of the following procedures is a variation on FISH and has been used for comparative genome analysis on some species?

A) Recombination mapping
B) Chromosome jumping
C) Chromosome painting
D) Chromosome fluorescence
E) Chromosome walking

Question 45

Homologous genes within a species are known as:

A) Paralogues
B) Orthologues
C) Heterologues
D) Similogues
E) None of these

Question 46

How does the technique of chromosome walking compare with the technique of chromosome jumping?

Question 47

Which of the following is not true regarding mtDNA?

A) It is found in the mitochondria
B) Most are circular
C) It is the same as nuclear DNA
D) It is differently sized in different species
E) All of these are true

Question 48

As eukaryotic organisms have increased in complexity,the proportion of their genomes that encodes proteins has:

A) Increased
B) Decreased
C) Stayed the same
D) Increased in complexity
E) Decreased in complexity

Question 49

Homologous genes present within different species are known as:

A) Paralogues
B) Orthologues
C) Heterologues
D) Similogues
E) None of these

Question 50

How is positional cloning conducted in order to clone a gene that is moderately expressed?

Question 51

What are the advantages and disadvantages to using gene chip or microarray technology to study gene expression? How are microarrays created and used? What can be done to overcome the disadvantages of this technology?