Question 1

A woman experiencing menopausal symptoms asks the nurse about conjugated estrogen (Premarin). Which of the following statements by the individual indicates an understanding of the medication's origin?&#10;A) &#34;I'm against animal cruelty, so I don't want to take anything made from animal flesh.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;I was told the medication is actually derived from the urine of pregnant horses.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Because I'm Jewish and keep Kosher, I can't take the medication since it comes from pigs.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;I think harvesting medicines from cows seems rather odd.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Premarin is derived from the urine of pregnant horses, not from animal flesh, pigs, or cows.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the benefit of the use of pharmacogenetics in the treatment of conditions?&#10;A) Pharmacogenetics is a new area of pharmacology developing rapidly.&#10;B) Pharmacogenetics informs the family of inherited conditions.&#10;C) Pharmacogenetics assists the physician to learn about the family.&#10;D) Pharmacogenetics is used to identify the best drug and dose to be used.

Accepted Answer

Pharmacogenetics is used to identify the best drug and dose to be used for a patient based on their genetic makeup, increasing the effectiveness of treatment and minimizing adverse effects. It is not primarily focused on informing the family or assisting the physician in learning about the family, and while it is a developing field, this is not the primary benefit.

Question 3

The nurse working in a diagnostic center is responsible for verifying client allergies prior to testing. A 47-year-old woman reports being allergic to iodine. For which of the following tests should the nurse inform the physician of the iodine allergy? (Select all that apply.)

A) Computed axial tomography (CAT) scan
B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C) Colonoscopy
D) Thyroid scan
E) Ultrasound

Computed axial tomography (CAT) scan
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Thyroid scan

Accepted Answer

Computed axial tomography (CAT) scan&#10;Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)&#10;Thyroid scan

Question 4

A client newly diagnosed with diabetes tells the nurse, &#34;I can't take any insulin made from pigs or cows.&#34; Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?&#10;A) &#34;Most insulin comes from animal sources, but I'm sure alternative options are available.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Medications that are derived from animals are typically less expensive than synthetic medications, but synthetic insulin is commonly available.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Most insulin is synthetic now, so your insulin won't be from animal sources.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;The animals aren't hurt in the production of medications, so you don't need to worry.&#34;

Accepted Answer

This response provides accurate information that most insulin is synthetic and not derived from animal sources, while also acknowledging the patient's concern about animal-derived insulin. The other responses either provide inaccurate information or do not address the patient's concern effectively.

Question 5

While caring for a client who is taking furosemide (Lasix), the nurse recognizes dietary teaching has been effective if the patient includes which of the following foods in the daily menus?&#10;A) Blueberries and kiwis&#10;B) Oranges and sweet potatoes&#10;C) Kale and cucumbers&#10;D) Bananas and watermelon

Accepted Answer

Furosemide is a diuretic that can cause potassium loss. Oranges and sweet potatoes are high in potassium, which helps counteract this effect.

Question 6

Which of the following medication orders should the nurse use to carry out palliative care measures for a 29-year-old woman with advanced cancer?&#10;A) Cisplatin (Platinol) 50 mg IV weekly to start on day 8&#10;B) Sorafenib (Nexavar) 200 mg orally twice daily for 7 days&#10;C) Ondansetron (Zofran) 4 mg IV prior to chemotherapy&#10;D) Morphine sulfate (Roxanol) 5 mg PO every 4 hours as needed for pain

Accepted Answer

Palliative care measures aim to provide relief from symptoms such as pain, nausea, and vomiting in patients with advanced cancer. Morphine sulfate is a potent opioid analgesic that can be used to manage pain in these patients. Cisplatin and Sorafenib are chemotherapy drugs and will not provide symptomatic relief. Ondansetron is an antiemetic medication and will help with nausea and vomiting, but it is not the best choice for pain management.

Question 7

While caring for a patient scheduled for knee replacement surgery, the nurse provides cefazolin (Ancef) as ordered 30 minutes preoperatively. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective by which of the following client statements?

A) "This antibiotic is given as a prophylactic to help reduce the risk of infection after surgery."
B) "This is a palliative medication to help ease the pain from surgery."
C) "This medication will replace vitamins and minerals that may be lost due to bleeding during surgery."
D) "This medication will help the surgeon identify areas of bone destruction due to arthritis."

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Accepted Answer

Cefazolin is an antibiotic that is commonly given 30 minutes before surgery as a prophylactic measure to prevent the occurrence of surgical site infections. The other answer choices are incorrect as cefazolin is not used for pain relief, to replace vitamins and minerals, or to help identify areas of bone destruction.

Question 8

A 55-year-old patient with a history of vomiting is scheduled for a diagnostic radiograph of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Which of the following statements would the nurse include in the client's teaching?

A) "You will need to drink a large amount of bowel preparation solution to clear out your system before the test."
B) "It is important that you be given a prophylactic medication to prevent aspiration during the test."
C) "You will be asked to drink a barium contrast about 30 minutes before the test to help highlight any digestive problems."
D) "You will be given a sedative to help make you sleepy during the testing procedure."

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Accepted Answer

The patient will be asked to drink a barium contrast before the test to help highlight any digestive problems. This is a standard part of the preparation for an upper gastrointestinal tract radiograph. Options A and D are not relevant to the test, and option B may be indicated in certain situations but is not a routine part of the procedure.

Question 9

While caring for a patient with a history of hypothyroidism, the nurse expects which of the following medications to be included in the patient's medication list?&#10;A) Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)&#10;B) Estrogen (Estradiol)&#10;C) Iodine 131&#10;D) Carbimazole (Methimazole)

Accepted Answer

Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid) is a medication commonly used to treat hypothyroidism by replacing the deficient thyroid hormone. Estrogen (B) is not typically used to treat hypothyroidism, and iodine 131 (C) is a radioactive isotope used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Carbimazole (Methimazole) (D) is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism.

Question 10

While providing medications to clients on the cardiac unit, the nurse anticipates that hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil) would most likely be prescribed for which of the following clients?

A) A 48-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with atrial fibrillation
B) A 55-year-old African American female diagnosed with hypertension
C) A 63-year-old Caucasian female diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome
D) A 64-year-old African American male diagnosed with heart failure

Accepted Answer

Hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil) are often prescribed for African American patients with heart failure, as studies have shown that this medication combination can improve survival rates and reduce symptoms in this population. It is not typically used for the other diagnoses listed.

Deck 1: History of Pharmacology