Deck 7: Why States and Other Actors Resort to Force

Question 1

The theory of relative deprivation suggests that unrest is most likely to occur when

A) a sustained period of declining conditions is followed by a sudden,sharp economic improvement for a narrow segment of society.
B) a sustained period of declining conditions is followed by a sudden,sharp setback for a narrow segment of society.
C) a sustained period of improving conditions is followed by a sudden,sharp economic improvement for a narrow segment of society.
D) a sustained period of improving conditions is followed by a sudden,sharp setback for a narrow segment of society.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The awareness of relative deprivation in developing countries has been elevated by

A) the advent of satellite television and the Internet.
B) the downturn in the global economy.
C) the rise in international travel.
D) the growing global famine.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In a study of conflicts from 1648-1989,Ole Holsti found that the single most common issues contributing to war are

A) economic disputes.
B) ethnic disputes.
C) territorial disputes.
D) ideological disputes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to J.A.Hobson,capitalism leads to imperialism because

A) the capitalist system as a whole is dependent on military spending as well as the power of the military-industrial complex.
B) the unequal distribution of wealth does not provide an adequate domestic market,thus forcing capitalists to invest their capital abroad and to compete with others to control foreign markets.
C) of the drive to export surplus capital generated by the capitalist system which then becomes a competition among capitalist countries for guaranteed markets.
D) private investors have received strong governmental backing since they are agents of power and prestige politics.

Question 5

English economist J.A.Hobson argued that conflict and war is the product of

A) underconsumption in domestic markets.
B) rising ethnic tension.
C) the growing popularity of democratic ideals.
D) the interests and egos of military leadership.

Question 6

Regarding realist and liberal theories of world politics,one can conclude that

A) realist theories assume it does not matter how different countries' economic systems are organized,whereas liberal theories say that it does make a difference.
B) liberal theories assume it does not matter how different countries' economic systems are organized,whereas realist theories say it does make a difference.
C) realist and liberal theories both assume that how countries' economic systems are organized does make a difference.
D) realist and liberal theories both assume that how countries' economic systems are organized does not make any difference.

Question 7

According to Lenin,capitalism leads to imperialism because

A) the capitalist system as a whole is dependent on military spending as well as the power of the military-industrial complex.
B) the unequal distribution of wealth does not provide an adequate domestic market,thus forcing capitalists to invest their capital abroad and to compete with others to control foreign markets.
C) the drive to export surplus capital generated by the capitalist system results in competition among capitalist countries for guaranteed markets.
D) private investors receive strong governmental backing as agents of power and prestige politics.

Question 8

Liberals argue that capitalism leads to_________,whereas radicals argue that capitalism leads to _________.

A) world peace;world war
B) regionalization;globalization
C) fragmentation;harmonization
D) globalization;interdependence

Question 9

Game theorists utilize ___________,to "solve" and predict the trajectory of international conflict.

A) relative deprivation
B) Nash equilibrium
C) dependency theory
D) just war theory

Question 10

Prior to World War I,Germany's demand for its "place in the sun" depicts

A) the theory of rising expectations.
B) the theory and practice of collectivism.
C) dependency theory.
D) the theory of relative deprivation.

Question 11

Which of the following authors argued that noneconomic influences,primarily the motivation of the politicians and senior military personnel,were responsible for imperialism?

A) Marx
B) Hobson
C) Lenin
D) Schumpeter

Question 12

The sociobiological perspective claims that

A) unlike all other animal behavior,human behavior does not have significant biological influences.
B) there is a strong biological basis for human behavior.
C) human aggression is natural.
D) human behavior is determined by socialization.

Question 13

Which of the following authors argued that imperialism could be avoided with a more equal distribution of income in the capitalist system and increased domestic consumption?

A) Karl Marx
B) J.A.Hobson
C) V.I.Lenin
D) Karl Kautsky

Question 14

With a death-toll of approximately 2 million,the ___________ led to the urgent clarification of sovereign rights in the Treaty of Westphalia.

A) French Revolution
B) Thirty Years' War
C) World War I
D) World War II

Question 15

The proposition that arms and war are inevitable because of inherent influences of human nature is rejected by the

A) UN Charter of 1945.
B) Seville Statement of 1986.
C) Treaty of Rome of 1957.
D) Treaty of Westphalia of 1648.

Question 16

In the social sciences,the theory that violent or aggressive behavior stems from frustration is called

A) desire for recognition.
B) absolute expectations.
C) relative deprivation.
D) individual perception.

Question 17

The theory that conflict and war is a product of the distribution of power capabilities among states is a _____________explanation.

A) first image
B) second image
C) third image
D) both A and B

Question 18

Second image explanations of conflict focus on

A) internal organization of states.
B) individual leadership characteristics of actors within states.
C) distribution of power in the international system.
D) economic structures of states.

Question 19

Given the current international conditions,just war theory suggests that

A) war is justifiable,but limited by moral considerations.
B) war is justifiable,without any moral limits to its practice.
C) war is never morally justifiable,though it still exists today.
D) war is a product of immoral actions.

Question 20

Since World War II,the most prominent factor contributing to international conflict has been

A) oil reserves.
B) territory.
C) commerce.
D) ideology.

Question 21

The Electronic Disturbance Theater is an example of hacktivism that targeted

A) the Frankfurt Stock Market.
B) the Pentagon.
C) the Mexican government.
D) all of the above.

Question 22

The manipulation,corruption,or denial of information is also known as

A) state-sponsored terrorism.
B) intelligence operations.
C) covert action.
D) information warfare.

Question 23

Most third image theories in international relations do not allow us to predict war and peace into the future because

A) we must also be able to predict,independently,the extent of relative deprivation.
B) at the same time,we must be able to predict the role of public opinion.
C) we also must be able to predict,independently,what conditions make war or peace more likely.
D) third image theories tell us a great deal about the actual calculations that bring states into war.

Question 24

Unconventional or irregular conflicts generally describe

A) the introduction of nuclear weapons into interstate conflict.
B) massed armies engaging each other in close quarter,as in World War I.
C) the introduction of chemical or biological weapons into interstate conflict.
D) conflict where combatants on each side avoid pitched battles with one another.

Question 25

Guerilla warfare and terrorism

A) have nothing to do with the contemporary study of international relations.
B) are the main forms of contemporary nonstate violence in the international system.
C) can be easily explained using third image theories about international politics.
D) are concerned with maintaining the status quo in the international system.

Question 26

The greatest contributor to growing violence within Russia is

A) a poor economy.
B) ethnic tension.
C) a lack of political liberties.
D) a growing food shortage.

Question 27

Third Image explanations of war focus on

A) internal organization of states.
B) individual leadership characteristics of actors within states.
C) distribution of power in the international system.
D) economic structures of states.

Question 28

Dissident terrorism differs from state terrorism in that

A) the former is theater while the latter is serious.
B) state terrorism targets a government's own population.
C) state terrorism takes place outside the state while dissident is mostly internal.
D) state terrorism is more effective in sending a message.

Question 29

What contributes to the rise in internal conflict zones?

Question 30

According to the Minorities at Risk Project,more than ___ substantial ethnic groups are politically active in more than ___ countries.

A) 70,30
B) 130,70
C) 280,100
D) 500,160

Question 31

_________ are states that are internationally recognized but whose governments cannot provide their citizens with even the minimal level of security and well-being of other sovereign states.

A) Failed states
B) Imperfect democracies
C) Developing states
D) Regimes of acceptance

Question 32

Communal conflict along racial,tribal,linguistic or religious lines is termed

A) gang warfare.
B) genocide.
C) dissident terrorism.
D) ethnopolitical conflict.

Question 33

Over the last three decades,terrorism-related casualties have

A) risen slightly.
B) risen sharply.
C) declined slightly.
D) shown no clear trend.

Question 34

More than ______million people have been killed by ethnic violence since the end of World War II.

A) 50
B) 60
C) 70
D) 80

Question 35

Explain the relations between greed and predation.

Question 36

Power transition,as defined by A.F.K.Organski,refers to the

A) transfer of power from one administration to the next in democratic nation-states.
B) transfer from an authoritarian to a democratic form of government.
C) period when a rising challenger approximates the power of the dominant state.
D) period when a rising challenger extends the power gap with the dominant state.

Question 37

Explain the relationship between depravation and aggression.

Question 38

Amongst the conditions said to promote civil war are

A) popular dictators like Hitler.
B) the institution of slavery.
C) the lack of democracy.
D) the presence of a two-party system.

Question 39

Do capitalism and imperialism lead to wars? Explain.

Question 40

Why is change in the distribution of power in the international system so threatening to stability?