Deck 22: America and the Great War

Question 1

Henry Cabot Lodge led the Senate Republicans who demanded amendments to the Treaty of Versailles.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What caused the outbreak of the Great War, and why did the United States join the conflict? What was distinctive about the fighting on the Western Front?

Answer 2

not answered

Question 3

During the presidential election of 1916, Republicans used the slogan "He kept us out of war"
to discredit Wilson.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Woodrow Wilson was careful to build Republican, as well as Democratic, support for his
peace plan.

Question 5

Despite being the nation responsible for its creation, the United States never joined the
League of Nations.

Question 6

Women in "war work" were usually able to keep their jobs after the war.

Question 7

What were the consequences of the war at home and abroad?

Question 8

President Wilson saw no contradiction between declaring neutrality in the war and supplying
both sides with weapons and war materiel.

Question 9

On both sides of the Great War, many soldiers experienced "shell shock," now known as
post-traumatic stress disorder, due to the experience of trench warfare.

Question 10

During the Great War, northern businesses sent recruiters into the rural south to encourage
black families to move north for work in industry.

Question 11

Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik Revolution in Russia triggered the beginning of Russia's exit from
First World War.

Question 12

What were the major events of the war after the United States entered the conflict? How did the American war effort contribute to the defeat of the Central Powers?

Question 13

During the Great War, some American symphonies refused to perform Bach and Beethoven
due to the common assumption of disloyalty associated with anything German.

Question 14

The so-called Arabic Pledge involved Wilson's stand to stop North Africa's fall into chaos
during the war.

Question 15

Many African American men joined the military but were forced to serve in segregated units
under white officers.

Question 16

How did the Wilson administration mobilize the home front? How did these mobilization efforts affect society?

Question 17

The Germans intercepted the Zimmermann telegram, which the White House had sent to
the Mexican government.

Question 18

How did Wilson promote his plans for a peaceful world order as outlined in his Fourteen Points?

Question 19

Despite repeatedly promising to stop, Germany continued to use submarines to sink merchant
and passenger vessels, spurring the United States to strengthen its army and navy in case the
nation was to be forced into war.

Question 20

Many immigrant groups in the United States supported the Central Powers in the European war.

Question 21

What was the "last straw" that provoked the United States to declare war on Germany?

A) Germany's attack on the Maine in 1914
B) Germany's invasion of France in 1914
C) Germany's sinking of the Lusitania in 1915
D) the discovery of the Zimmermann telegram in 1917
E) Germany's sinking of five American ships in the North Atlantic in 1917

Question 22

Which of the following statements best describes the diplomatic stance of Woodrow Wilson and William Jennings Bryan, his secretary of state?

A) America must be the first nation to declare war to have the most say in shaping the war.
B) America must refuse to interfere in the affairs of other nations in all cases.
C) America has a duty to spread democracy and Christianity throughout the world.
D) America should prove its military might wherever and whenever possible.
E) America must always put internationality above nationality.

Question 23

During the early twentieth century, what happened to the nation's century-long isolation from European conflicts?

A) It persisted, for Wilson saw all other countries involved in the Great War as fully capable of creating their own standards and was fundamentally against the idea of American interference.
B) It ended, in part because the interests of the United States became more bound up with the expanding world economy, and new war technology threatened national security.
C) It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court because the United States had been founded on the idea that it had obligations to protect all smaller nations.
D) It continued because changing demographics meant that the United States could not afford for many men to join the military, and women were banned from taking any jobs.
E) It ceased because the United States had long supported the Ottoman Empire rather than offering relief or resources to European countries such as Great Britain.

Question 24

Despite African Americans' hopes that they might gain full equality after the Great War,
they experienced continued discrimination.

Question 25

Which of the following is among the reasons the Great War was especially challenging?

A) The war would cause more destruction and involve more nations than any previous conflict.
B) The war coincided with a highly public and controversial divorce from Wilson's wife, Ellen.
C) Wilson had plotted to topple several European monarchs, but all remained in power after the war.
D) Actions taken by the United States had been the primary cause of the start of the war.
E) Great Britain had been a latecomer to industrialization but was the main American ally.

Question 26

What was President Wilson's immediate response to the sinking of the Lusitania?

A) to follow Theodore Roosevelt's advice and declare war on Germany right away
B) to abandon any hopes of peace talks with Germany and refuse to send diplomats
C) to promote Williams Jennings Bryan in his cabinet and give him greater control of the war effort
D) to take a pro-British stance and dismiss German claims that the ship carried rifles and ammunition
E) to request that Congress vote on whether to formally enter the Great War then and there

Question 27

For all of his accomplishments and abilities, Woodrow Wilson had

A) no political experience before he was elected president.
B) no formal education apart from what he read on his own in library books.
C) extensive experience and expertise in world affairs before entering the presidency.
D) little experience in international relations before he was elected president.
E) very little influence on the domestic economy while president.

Question 28

The nation known as the "powder keg of Europe" because of its internal tensions and ethnic diversity was

A) Croatia.
B) Bulgaria.
C) Germany.
D) Austro-Hungarian Empire.
E) Switzerland.

Question 29

Which of the following led to the Great War?

A) the refusal of German leaders to become militaristic and honor their alliances when conflict in western Europe first erupted
B) the sudden dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the rise of a Serbian Empire that soon took its place
C) Germany's continued reliance on the United States and Britain for all steel production and related products
D) Wilson's eagerness to enter the war immediately to take advantage of the many nations who had decided to give up their colonial empires
E) rivalries in Europe driven by hypernationalism, racist beliefs, imperial competition over foreign colonies, and a desire for military supremacy

Question 30

The event that triggered the Great War in Europe was

A) Germany's invasion of Belgium.
B) Russia's decision to ally with France and Britain.
C) Germany's determination to build a navy as large as Britain's.
D) the fallout from the Bolshevik Revolution.
E) a Serb's assassination of the Austrian Archduke.

Question 31

Which of the following describes the experience of most soldiers fighting in France during the Great War?

A) They had to be very mobile because the battlefront changed radically from week to week, transitioning back and forth between the Western Front and Eastern Front.
B) They fought a war of attrition often in miserable conditions, suffering massive artillery attacks and then facing enemy fire to seize well-protected trenches.
C) They fought small-scale battles that afforded them chances to display individual bravery and courage and used weapons that had been available for centuries in new ways.
D) They fought much as their great-grandfathers had during the nineteenth century: in tightly packed formations, shooting volleys into the ranks of the enemy.
E) They fought a guerilla war because after Germany invaded and captured Paris, French resistance fighters formed partisan bands that harassed their occupiers.

Question 32

Which of the following was true of the Revenue Act of 1916?

A) It was primarily to raise money to pay for war preparations.
B) It hit farmers and low-income Americans the hardest.
C) It was never passed due to a veto by President Wilson.
D) It was designed to make Republicans support the war.
E) It amounted to the progressives' biggest failure in the Wilson period.

Question 33

What was the significance of the ship Lusitania?

A) It was a German ship that was sunk by the British early in the war, signaling the turning tide of the war and convincing Americans they could count on the Allies winning.
B) It was one of the most formidable battleships in the British navy that sunk during one of the earliest and largest battles during the war, causing the United States to delay entering the war.
C) It was a British passenger ship secretly carrying ammunition, and its sinking by German U-boats caused many civilian deaths, including those of Americans, and sparked an outcry in the United States.
D) It was the only passenger ship attacked during the war, resulting in Germany honoring the wartime custom of stopping an enemy vessel and allowing passengers to escape before sinking it.
E) Its sinking was a victory for the United States and caused Wilson to slow efforts to strengthen the army and the navy so that he could attend to other pressing economic issues for the time being.

Question 34

Which of the following statements describes actions taken by a number of everyday Americans early in the war?

A) Many Americans worked tirelessly to produce U-boats or submarines, and because of the efforts of everyday factory workers, the United States was the first country to use them during the war.
B) Americans provided only materiel aid to the Allies during this time, as any fighting by Americans overseas was strictly against the law and would result in punishment.
C) Few Americans volunteered to fight in the war because it was clear from the onset how destructive and dangerous it would be; Wilson, thus, felt compelled to initiate a draft early in the war.
D) Despite American neutrality, many volunteered in the British, French, and Canadian militaries or joined relief organizations for varied reasons such as glory or antagonism toward Germany.
E) Nearly all Americans ignored the war in Europe, as they identified so little with either the Allies or the Central Powers that they refused to choose sides.

Question 35

Early in the war, Germany believed that the United States

A) lacked instruments of modern warfare.
B) could defeat them militarily.
C) would never enter the war due to the lack of provocation.
D) would negotiate a fair and peaceful end to the war.
E) planned to align with the Central Powers rather than with France and Britain.

Question 36

What gave the Great War its lasting character?

A) trench warfare and powerful new weapons
B) the need for only partial mobilization
C) fascism in Germany and Italy
D) the reliance on airplanes above all else
E) the long stalemate that led to so few deaths

Question 37

Which of the following occurred when news of the European war first reached the United States?

A) President Wilson immediately called on Congress to build up American military strength and begin the conscription of young male soldiers.
B) Most old-line Americans were sympathetic to the Central Powers, so Wilson worried he would not have enough support to declare war and join the Allies.
C) Irish Americans became the group that most leaned toward supporting the Allies, and for this reason, Wilson felt confident in joining the Allies' side.
D) Wilson publicly promoted neutrality while privately ensuring that the United States would help provide supplies to the Allies.
E) John J. Pershing was already on his way with tens of thousands of troops, as Wilson had already signed a pact with Great Britain and France.

Question 38

Immediately following the war, the nation was hit by a terrible flu pandemic that killed
even more people than the war, and did so in a single year.

Question 39

What is the significance of the interception of the Zimmermann telegram?

A) It showed that Germany had no interest in collaborating with Mexico and thereby strengthened the trust between the United States and Mexico.
B) It announced Germany's decision to wage unrestricted submarine warfare and caused angered Americans to call for war.
C) It announced the addition of three countries to the Central Powers, leading the United States to stall entering the war.
D) It caused the United States to break diplomatic relations with Germany and begin sending supplies to the Allies.
E) It tipped off J. Edgar Hoover that Germans had infiltrated the FBI and caused the government to clamp down on background checks.

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of how the United States helped the Allied powers prior to joining the war?

A) American spies frequently provided the Allies with intelligence about enemy operations, becoming the first to know of the declaration of war.
B) Congress loosened immigration laws to allow a massive number of war refugees into the country who were crucial for the domestic war effort.
C) American ships provided naval escorts for British merchant vessels, as Britain and most other participating powers did not yet have their own official navies.
D) American banks and businesses refused to do business with the Central Powers, as Wilson was adamant about declining to pursue economic benefits from the war.
E) American banks and the U.S. government offered loans and credits to the Allies that allowed the Allies to pay for purchases later but made it harder for Americans to remain neutral.

Question 41

What did the Supreme Court decide in the case of Schenck v. United States?

A) It struck down as unconstitutional the Lever Act, which had created the Food and Fuel Administrations.
B) It upheld the conviction of a man who had circulated anti-war pamphlets among members of the military.
C) It ruled that labor organizations did not fall under the jurisdiction of the War Industries Board.
D) It overturned the Espionage and Sedition Acts because they were deemed unconstitutional.
E) It said that Eugene Debs had been arrested and held without due process, releasing him to return to an active role in politics.

Question 42

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Immigration Act of 1917?

A) It made it much easier for immigrants to enter the United States because the government was desperate for men to join the American war effort.
B) It repealed and sought to make amends for the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act by allowing for unprecedented numbers of Chinese immigrants.
C) It was the first widely restrictive immigration law and included requirements for a literacy test and an increased "head tax" upon arriving to the United States.
D) It made it far more difficult for individuals from the Philippines to immigrate to the United States because the Philippines was no longer a U.S. colony.
E) Its greatest opposition came from labor unions who were desperate for the arrival of more workers, and its greatest support came from Wilson.

Question 43

For violating the Espionage Act, Socialist leader Eugene Debs

A) received a ten-year prison term.
B) was acquitted.
C) was banned from future presidential campaigns.
D) renounced socialism.
E) was deported.

Question 44

Which of the following statements accurately describes recruitment to the American army as the United States entered the war?

A) It was difficult to find men willing to enlist, which led to the vast majority of initial recruits having joined via the draft.
B) Support for the war was so widespread that the United States would not sign up men for a draft until the last year of the war.
C) Many men initially rushed to enlist before being drafted, including a significant percentage of immigrants.
D) Because the overwhelming majority of Americans supported the Central Powers rather than the Allies, few joined the American army willingly.
E) It was far more difficult to find men willing to enlist in the American army at the beginning of the war than toward the end.

Question 45

The MOST important of all the federal mobilization agencies was the ________ because it had the unprecedented authority to ration raw materials, construct factories, and set prices.

A) Fuel Administration
B) Emergency Fleet Corporation
C) U.S. Shipping Board
D) War Industries Board
E) Committee on Public Information

Question 46

Which of the following is true of the congressional resolution for war?

A) It came quickly in response to the sinking of the Lusitania.
B) It was unanimous.
C) It was divided strictly along party lines.
D) It passed overwhelmingly.
E) It eliminated Wilson's doubts regarding entering the war.

Question 47

What was the purpose behind the Food Administration?

A) It was meant to be one of many blows to federal authority, giving far more power to the states.
B) Its goal was to increase agricultural production while reducing civilian food consumption.
C) It was a prime example of laissez-faire, an economic concept that took off during the war.
D) Its main goal was to bolster Harry Truman's presidential prospects.
E) It encouraged Americans to eat as much food as possible in order to support farmers.

Question 48

What effect did the Great War have on the lives of American women?

A) Due to the limited number of male volunteers, many women were encouraged to join the armed forces, with significant numbers of them becoming accomplished pilots.
B) Because the United States was so populated that wartime never brought labor shortages, women remained confined to traditional roles within the domestic sphere.
C) Throughout the war, women were only permitted to support the war effort in traditional ways, such as volunteering for the Red Cross, running fund-raising drives, and working as nurses.
D) The war shook up American society to such a degree that most women who attained nontraditional wartime roles kept them for the rest of their careers and helped train a new generation of workers.
E) Due to the large number of men in the armed forces, women were encouraged, as the scope of the war widened until the end of the war, to take jobs that had been held primarily by men.

Question 49

At what point did Russian participation in the Great War end?

A) when Russia was defeated on the battlefield at the hands of the Germans because Russian industrialization was unable to keep up with German industrialization
B) after Vladimir Lenin had taken power in Russia and was willing to accept harsh terms ending Russian participation in order to concentrate on the ongoing civil war there
C) when Russia threatened to withdraw from the League of Nations because the stipulations of the league would have hurt its economy
D) during the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles because Vladimir Lenin was affronted when the Allies only offered him negative terms and refused to accept them
E) when Joseph Stalin withdrew all Russian forces from Germany, anticipating that the Allies would soon win the war without Russian intervention

Question 50

What was a result of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia?

A) The country established its first democratic government, overthrowing Communist leaders.
B) The country renewed its war effort against Germany more seriously.
C) The country concluded a separate peace with Germany known as the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
D) The United States loaned Russia millions of dollars to aid the provisional government.
E) The United States put thousands of Russian Communist labor activists in jail in 1918.

Question 51

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?

A) to combat the growing presence of communism in the United States following the end of the Great War and to make it less likely to emerge in other countries
B) to form a prewar public information network, which was discontinued after the United States entered the war due to funding problems
C) to provide a nonpartisan and independent source for Americans to find information about the causes of the war and the nations involved in the fight
D) to pursue propaganda and shape public perceptions about the war to generate support for the American war effort
E) to organize dissent against American involvement in the war by highlighting the atrocities committed by both sides before 1917

Question 52

What was the Great Migration?

A) the movement of women to cities around the country to take the jobs vacated by men off to war
B) the immigration of much of the American Expeditionary Force to Europe after the war
C) the transition of Mexican Americans from farm labor to industrial jobs in southwestern cities
D) the movement of southern African Americans to the North and West during the war
E) the massive influx of immigrants to the United States early in the war

Question 53

Which of the following was recommended to Wilson as a Fifteenth Point but went ignored?

A) "freedom of the seas"
B) national self-determination
C) the creation of a "league" of nations
D) an end to racial discrimination
E) military disarmament

Question 54

How did Wilson justify the war to Congress during one of his famous speeches?

A) He described it as a war to save capitalism.
B) He described it as a war to make the world safe for democracy.
C) He described it as a war against Nazism and fascism.
D) He described it as a war to expand the American empire.
E) He described it as necessary despite Congress's lack of enthusiasm.

Question 55

How was J. Luz Sáenz's experience representative of many Mexican Americans and members of other minorities during the Great War period?

A) He was a leader of the war effort at home, energetically heading the War Labor Policies Board.
B) He experienced discrimination following the war, even as a war veteran.
C) He served as a spy, becoming the first conviction under the Espionage Act of 1917.
D) He found the United States so hostile that he, along with most of his population, left the country.
E) He had many military leadership opportunities, heading the Fifth Army in the Mediterranean.

Question 56

What was the turning point for the Allies during the Great War?

A) "going over the top" at the Somme
B) a massive Allied offensive in September 1918 toward Sedan, France
C) a battle with the help of the Russians at Fort Vaux
D) the Battles of Verdun during which whole forests were destroyed
E) a long assault against the Germans in Belgium

Question 57

Which of the following was true under the Espionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 1918?

A) They were merely scare tactics, as no one was actually convicted.
B) Speaking and writing against Germany and Italy became a crime.
C) Criticism of American government leaders or war policies became a crime.
D) Censorship was aimed more at middle America than at socialists or other radicals.
E) Few politicians criticized the legislation, as it received unanimous support.

Question 58

What was the relationship between the Great War and the Great Migration?

A) Due to the increased opportunities for African Americans during wartime, race riots and other violent altercations ceased as civilians focused on the war effort.
B) Because a large number of immigrants were entering the United States, many as refugees, the war effort tripled in size and American industry was forever transformed.
C) Due to mobilization for the war, employment efforts led by northern businesses were directed at African Americans as well as whites for the first time, causing many to move north.
D) Because Mexican Americans were forbidden from enlisting in the military, many of them pursued jobs in urban areas.
E) Because many American soldiers continued to find excitement and have positive experiences fighting in Europe, a large number decided to remain there after the war ended.

Question 59

Who was Alvin York?

A) the head of the Committee of Public Information under the Wilson administration
B) a Bolshevik spy within the American army; he was executed for espionage in 1918
C) the first commander of the American Expeditionary Force
D) the only congressman from Tennessee to vote against declaring war on Germany
E) an American soldier from Tennessee who earned the Congressional Medal of Honor

Question 60

Which of the following was true of Wilson's Fourteen Points?

A) They reflected his belief that the world could be improved and were intended to shape the peace treaty and make the Great War the last world war.
B) They were a list of strict conditions the United States had to meet before he would agree to end the war and withdraw troops.
C) They made up an argument he delivered before the Senate that closely involved the input of several other senators and world leaders.
D) They were part of a plan for mobilizing Americans upon entering the war, which included rules for rationing and production levels.
E) They were a set of demands delivered to Germany after the Zimmermann telegram was discovered that the Kaiser ignored.

Question 61

What was the virulent menace that Americans faced in the postwar period that caused more casualties than the war itself?

A) ongoing guerrilla warfare throughout Europe
B) a series of labor riots
C) the Spanish flu pandemic
D) the atomic bomb
E) the cholera outbreak

Question 62

In what way did the Great War bring about what came to be called the "American Century"?

Question 63

Which of the following was true of the 1919 police strike in Boston?

A) It began when several officers protested their long hours and small pay by calling in sick.
B) It was settled when both sides agreed to submit to an arbitration panel.
C) Its aftermath inadvertently made Calvin Coolidge a national hero.
D) It launched the political career of J. Edgar Hoover.
E) It was a result of major decreases in consumer prices.

Question 64

To what did Wilson refer when he spoke of "the heart of the League"?

A) the League of Nations army, which would enforce peace internationally and avoid the need for individual nations' own armies
B) the Permanent Court of Justice, which would rule on international disputes and was designed by Theodore Roosevelt
C) Article X, which would pledge members to consult on military and economic sanctions against aggressors
D) the Assembly, which would allow each League member an equal voice, including the Germans and Russians
E) the idea of using war to settle major disputes now that technology had advanced enough to make it less deadly

Question 65

Harry T. Burn is best associated with

A) the Boston police strike of 1919.
B) the Homestead strike of 1892.
C) racial rioting during the Great War.
D) the deciding vote needed for the Nineteenth Amendment.
E) the Haymarket affair.

Question 66

Why did the reservationists and the irreconcilables oppose the Treaty of Versailles?
How effective was their opposition?

Question 67

A race riot in which thirty-eight people were killed and over 500 injured took place in July 1919 in

A) Albany, New York.
B) Birmingham, Alabama.
C) Cleveland, Ohio.
D) Detroit, Michigan.
E) Chicago, Illinois.

Question 68

Which of the following occurred during the midterm elections of 1918?

A) Democrats lost control of both houses of Congress, in part due to Wilson's offending Republicans who had mostly backed his war policies.
B) Laborers, eastern businessmen, and western farmers expressed support for Democratic policies, especially due to the policies Wilson made to benefit the wheat crop.
C) Republican victories in the South were offset by heavy losses in the Northeast, and most continued to support Wilson due to the long road ahead in the war.
D) Wilson asked voters to elect progressive candidates of either party, but the Democrats still took the most seats in Congress.
E) Wilson angered Democrats by appointing Taft to the Peace Commission, thereby causing many in his own party to reject his policies.

Question 69

What did the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution accomplish?

A) It provided for the direct election of senators.
B) It reinstated Prohibition.
C) It gave the president expanded war powers.
D) It guaranteed women the right to vote.
E) It gave Congress the power to create an income tax.

Question 70

Which of the following was a result of Wilson's campaign to win public support for the Treaty of Versailles?

A) His health failed, leading him to be bedridden for months, which inspired sympathy for his position and the official passage of the treaty.
B) He won enough support to reach a compromise over a slightly revised treaty known as the Fourteen Points.
C) He faced the least opposition from Henry Cabot Lodge, who refused to make any changes to the treaty.
D) He successfully pressured senators to pass the treaty without revisions and built a much closer relationship between the United States and Germany.
E) His failing health after a stroke, his refusal to compromise, and his alienation of Republican senators ultimately caused the treaty to fail to pass.

Question 71

Describe Wilson's Fourteen Points, discussing not only the details but the overall philosophy
behind them as well.

Question 72

Which of the following contributed to the Red Scare of 1919-1920?

A) the failure of the Justice Department to establish any sort of General Intelligence Division to collect information on radicals in the United States and to promote public safety
B) the tremendous growth and pro-First World War sentiment of the Socialist party in the United States throughout the duration of the war
C) the violent actions of militants in the United States and the belief that the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia had spread to the United States, causing the wave of labor strikes and race riots
D) the dissolving of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the rise of a provisional government in its place that sought to entirely undo communism
E) the support that the United States had given to the Central Powers throughout the war, which included Russia and its allies

Question 73

Why did America enter the Great War when it did? Why did it not enter before?

Question 74

On November 9, 1918, a German republic was proclaimed after

A) the Battle of Verdun.
B) Germany surrendered to U.S. forces.
C) Adolf Hitler took power.
D) the German Kaiser resigned.
E) a great victory at Belleau Wood.

Question 75

Which of the following was part of the Versailles negotiations and contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party?

A) England's attempt to arrest a young politician named Adolf Hitler due to his role in
The war
B) favorable terms for Germany that would inadvertently cause it to become the most powerful nation
C) the call for Germans to pay for reparations only for civilian damages but leave the rest to the Allies
D) France's attempt to kidnap the German Kaiser who refused to resign at all costs
E) the "war guilt" clause that forced Germans to accept responsibility for the war and its full expense

Question 76

Which of the following was an effect of the Great War?

A) the introduction of Europe's self-image as the center of civilized Western culture
B) the rise of the United States as the world's dominant power
C) the decline of Soviet communism as a force impacting other countries
D) the decades-long delay of American consumerism and economic prosperity
E) a tight alliance between the United States, Austria, and Germany

Question 77

In negotiating with the Big Four over many postwar territorial issues, President Wilson did which of the following?

A) He remained unbending to the pressure of his European colleagues and true to his core values.
B) He visited Europe for the talks only briefly, as he was concerned about domestic issues.
C) He continued to demand that democratic states be established in all cases.
D) He had to largely abandon his lofty principle of national self-determination.
E) He only compromised when it benefited America.

Question 78

What was the primary objection that American senators had to the Treaty of Versailles?

A) It included a clause that blamed Germany for the Great War.
B) It created new nations such as Poland and Yugoslavia.
C) It required Germany to pay war reparations.
D) It transferred vast territories to France on Germany's west and to Poland on its
East and north.
E) It committed the United States to the League of Nations.

Question 79

Describe mobilization on the American home front. What changes took place socially,
economically, militarily, and politically?

Question 80

How and why were civil liberties curtailed during the Great War? What was the effect of
these curtailments?