Deck 5: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Joshua has type 2 diabetes,and he does not control his blood glucose levels.As a result of his lack of control,which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?

A)Blindness
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Lactose intolerance
D)Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 1

A

Question 2

After Cameron consumes foods and beverages that contain fructose,he develops abdominal bloating,cramps,and gas that is followed by diarrhe A.A _____ diet is likely to help him avoid these intestinal signs and symptoms.

A)low-FODMAP
B)high-fiber
C)low-sodium
D)high-GI/high-GL

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When cells have more glucose than they need energy,they may convert some of the excess into

A)certain B vitamins.
B)fat.
C)ketone bodies.
D)fiber.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

A)Waist circumference that measures 33 inches
B)Body temperature that is over 101°F
C)Stomach ulcers that bleed
D)Blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal

Question 5

Melania's fasting blood glucose level consistently is between 75 and 97 mg/dl.Based on this information,she has

A)chronic hypoglycemic syndrome.
B)a healthy blood glucose level.
C)a defect of her pancreatic beta cells.
D)type 2 diabetes.

Question 6

Katie is pregnant.She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level.Based on this information,Katie is likely to

A)require more vitamin D,calcium,and iron than a pregnant woman who does not have diabetes.
B)require more glucagon than she needed before becoming pregnant.
C)give birth to a baby that has birth defects.
D)have a lower risk of gestational hypertension.

Question 7

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

A)Body temperature that is over 101°F
B)Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl
C)Fasting blood glucose levels that are consistently between 75 and 99 mg/dl
D)Waist circumference that is 32 inches

Question 8

According to Shawn's physician,Shawn has a high risk of _____ because his waist circumference is 42 inches,his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg,and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

A)cystic fibrosis
B)metabolic syndrome
C)diverticulitis
D)constipation

Question 9

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy,they may store some of the excess as

A)fiber.
B)ketone bodies.
C)glycogen.
D)certain B vitamins.

Question 10

Five-year-old Tailia develops abdominal cramps and diarrhea a few hours after she eats sugary foods.Based on this information,Tailia probably has
A)lactose intolerance.
B)sucrase deficiency.
C)hypoglycemi

A)
D)diabetes.

Question 11

Betty has type 2 diabetes,and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl.Based on this information,Betty has a high risk of

A)irritable bowel syndrome.
B)kidney failure.
C)lactose intolerance
D)cystic fibrosis.

Question 12

Until recently,Victoria was a healthy,energetic 3-year-old.A couple of weeks ago,her parents noticed that she does not want to play,and she seems to be tired all of the time.Additionally,Victoria has been unusually thirsty and "wets the bed" at night.Based on this information,Victoria's parents should have their daughter evaluated for

A)type 1 diabetes.
B)metabolic syndrome.
C)sucrase deficiency.
D)lactose intolerance.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Foods that are high in simple carbohydrates are fattening because they usually contain a lot of protein.
B)High-fiber diets are associated with greater weight gain in adults because fiber-rich foods are less filling than foods that contain sugars.
C)People can gain body fat when they consume more micronutrients in relation to their macronutrient intakes.
D)Consuming more protein than you need can result in an increase in your body fat.

Question 14

This morning,Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes.Based on this information,her fasting blood glucose level was _____ mg/dl.

A)67
B)158
C)120
D)95

Question 15

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

A)Frequent urination
B)Waist circumference of 43 inches
C)Unexpected weight loss
D)Body temperature that is over 101°F

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Foods that are high in simple sugars are fattening because they usually contain a lot of protein.
B)When cells have plenty of glucose to metabolize for energy,they store dietary fat instead of use it for energy.
C)High-fiber diets are associated with greater weight gain in adults,because fiber-rich foods are less filling than foods that contain sugars.
D)People can gain body fat when they consume more micronutrients in relation to their macronutrient intakes.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about food labels is true?

A)Information about the fiber contents of a food are not provided in the Nutrition Facts panel.
B)The Nutrition Facts panel includes information about a food's glycogen content.
C)Information about the grams of total carbohydrate in a serving of food is displayed on a food label.
D)The list of ingredients on food packages does not have to include added sugars.

Question 18

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need,the excess can be

A)eliminated in feces.
B)converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy.
C)metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys.
D)converted into fat and stored.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about food labels is true?

A)The Nutrition Facts panel provides information about total carbohydrates in a serving of food.
B)The Nutrition Facts panel includes information about a food's glycogen content.
C)The list of ingredients on food packages does not have to include added sugars.
D)Information about the fiber contents of a food are not provided in the Nutrition Facts panel.

Question 20

Bill has type 1 diabetes.What step can he take to reduce the likelihood that he develops hypoglycemia?

A)Take a daily dietary supplement that provides a variety of B vitamins
B)Eat one large meal per day,in the morning,if possible.
C)Give himself insulin injections whenever he feels hungry
D)Eat meals and snacks that contain carbohydrate on a regular basis

Question 21

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son.He should

A)encourage the child to consume more energy drinks.
B)give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks.
C)serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates.
D)replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit ades or drinks.

Question 22

_____ is the primary fuel for active muscles.

A)Lactose
B)Glucose
C)Sucrose
D)Fructose

Question 23

The common name for glucose is _____ sugar.

A)milk
B)blood
C)simple
D)fruit

Question 24

Which of the following substances is the primary fuel for muscles and other cells?

A)Fiber
B)Glucose
C)Lactose
D)Fructose

Question 25

Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates.Therefore,most of his energy intake is provided by protein and fat.As a result of following this diet,Adrian's cells form more _____ than normal.

A)ketone bodies
B)glycogen
C)connective tissue
D)antioxidants

Question 26

Which of the following foods or beverages is a major source of added sugars in American diets?

A)Fruit
B)Sugar-sweetened soft drinks
C)Flavored Greek yogurt
D)Ready-to-eat cereals

Question 27

Which of the following substances is an important dietary monosaccharide for humans?

A)Fructose
B)Xylose
C)Mannose
D)Lactose

Question 28

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

A)glucose,galactose,and mannose.
B)galactose,glucose,and fructose.
C)maltose,ribose,and galactose.
D)fructose,lactose,and hexose monophosphate.

Question 29

Which of the following foods or beverages is a major source of added sugars in American diets?

A)Fruit
B)Refined breads and cereals
C)Processed luncheon meats
D)Energy drinks

Question 30

Which of the following substances is a simple sugar?

A)Starch
B)Glycogen
C)Lignin
D)Fructose

Question 31

Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?

A)Glucose
B)Starch
C)Glycogen
D)Lignin

Question 32

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat,but it is very low in carbohydrate.As a result of following this diet,Duncan's body forms more _____ than normal.

A)vitamin C
B)glycogen stores
C)ketone bodies
D)muscle fibers

Question 33

Franklin wants to limit his added sugar intake.He should
A)decrease his intake of polysaccharides.
B)replace energy drinks with unsweetened te

A)
C)consume more refined sources of carbohydrates.
D)increase his intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.

Question 34

Abe wants to use canned or frozen peaches to make a dessert.While shopping for the fruit,how can he determine which kind has the least sugar per serving?

A)By subtracting amounts of fiber in the two kinds of fruit from their total carbohydrate contents
B)By checking the labels for health claims
C)By reading the ingredients' lists on the labels
D)By comparing sugar content information that is listed in the Nutrition Facts panels

Question 35

To reduce her intake of added sugars,Isabelle should

A)increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.
B)replace regular soft drinks with plain water.
C)consume more refined sources of carbohydrates.
D)consume energy drinks instead of coffee.

Question 36

Nervous system cells rely on primary _____ for energy.

A)Fiber
B)Lactose
C)Fructose
D)Glucose

Question 37

Which of the following foods or beverages is not a major source of added sugars in American diets?

A)Energy drinks
B)Fresh fruit
C)Candy
D)Cookies

Question 38

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

A)High-fructose corn syrup
B)Lactose
C)Glucose
D)Soluble fiber

Question 39

Bethany consumes a very-low-carbohydrate diet that supplies less than 100 g of carbohydrate daily,but she eats high amounts of meat and fat.As a result of her diet,Bethany's cells form more _____ than normal.

A)muscle cells
B)glycogen
C)ketone bodies
D)vitamins

Question 40

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

A)glucose
B)carbon dioxide
C)starch
D)high-fructose corn syrup

Question 41

Which of the following foods provides the most carbohydrate per 4-ounce serving?

A)Fat-free milk
B)Canned tuna
C)Ham slice
D)Baked chicken

Question 42

Lactose is the disaccharide in

A)grapes.
B)sugar.
C)milk.
D)liver.

Question 43

_____ is the disaccharide comprised of one glucose and one galactose molecule.

A)Sucrose
B)Lactose
C)Hexose
D)Maltose

Question 44

Alicia has PKU.She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g.Based on this information,which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?

A)Sucralose
B)Xylitol
C)Molasses
D)Aspartame

Question 45

Which of the following carbohydrates is in plain,fat-free milk?

A)Starch
B)Glycogen
C)Sucrose
D)Lactose

Question 46

Which of the following foods is a rich source of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)?

A)White bread
B)Regular soft drink
C)Luncheon meats
D)Fresh strawberries

Question 47

Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch?

A)Liver,apples,and cheese
B)Eggs,fat-free milk,and corn oil
C)Peaches,safflower oil,and peanuts
D)Corn,potatoes,and rice

Question 48

A food scientist is developing a infant formula that simulates the composition of breast milk.Based on this information,which of the following substances would he add to the formula's recipe?

A)Sucrose
B)Lactose
C)Mannose
D)Xylitol

Question 49

Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon.Which of the following sweeteners would she use?

A)Levulose
B)Sucralose
C)Table sugar
D)Mannitol

Question 50

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet.Which of the following foods should she add?

A)Red meats
B)Margarine
C)White bread
D)Citrus fruits

Question 51

_____ is the disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecules.

A)Galactose
B)Hexose
C)Maltose
D)Sucrose

Question 52

_____ is a source of sucrose.

A)Beef liver
B)Egg white
C)Sugar cane
D)Fat-free milk

Question 53

Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared milk-based beverage.According to the label,the flavored milk contains 2% milk,water,high-fructose corn syrup,molasses,vegetable oil,saccharin,and natural vanilla flavoring.The _____ in this beverage are its sources of carbohydrate.

A)high-fructose corn syrup and saccharin
B)2% milk,saccharin,and vanilla
C)high-fructose corn syrup,water,and vanilla
D)molasses,2% milk,and high-fructose corn syrup

Question 54

Camden likes to drink a beverage that is made with maple syrup,fruit juice concentrate,aspartame,and molasses.Which of these ingredients does not contain a form of sugar?

A)Fruit juice concentrate
B)Maple syrup
C)Aspartame
D)Molasses

Question 55

Leah's parents are afraid the 5-year-old will develop tooth decay if she chews gum that is sweetened with sugar.Based on this information,Leah's parents should buy chewing gum that is sweetened with

A)sucrose.
B)high-fructose corn syrup.
C)honey.
D)xylitol.

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true?

A)High-glucose corn syrup is commonly used to sweeten foods,such as regular soft drinks.
B)Most animal foods are good sources of carbohydrate.
C)Honey is naturally a rich source of fructose.
D)Sucrose consists of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose.

Question 57

Ian sweetens his hot oatmeal with a teaspoon of brown sugar.The chemical name for this type of sugar is

A)galactose.
B)maltose.
C)sucrose.
D)lactose.

Question 58

Which of the following foods is a rich source of fiber?

A)Grilled salmon
B)Beef steak
C)Brown rice
D)Roast turkey

Question 59

A scientist is developing a new food that would help people recover quickly from hypoglycemi A.Which of the following sweeteners should he add to the new product?

A)Lactose
B)Acesulfame-K
C)Glucose
D)Glycogen

Question 60

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high.He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level.Based on this information,which of the following foods should he add?

A)Steak
B)Butter
C)Beans
D)Liver

Question 61

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

A)Raw shrimp
B)Fresh chicken
C)White rice
D)Egg yolk

Question 62

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation.
B)The pancreas secretes glucagon,a hormone that signals your cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream.
C)The human body stores carbohydrate as glucose.
D)Maltose is the complex carbohydrate in potatoes,rice,and beans.

Question 63

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

A)Chicken livers
B)Seedless grapes
C)Egg yolks
D)Sweet potatoes

Question 64

Jacob has a rare condition,an inborn error of metabolism,that prevents his body from storing glucose as glycogen.Every four hours,day and night,Jacob has to consume a solution that provides a source of glucose,which is slowly digested and absorbed by the intestinal tract.Which of the following foods should Jacob mix with water to form his life-saving solution?

A)Aspartame
B)Corn starch
C)Saccharin
D)High-fructose corn syrup

Question 65

Glycogen is composed of _____ molecules.

A)glucose
B)insulin
C)fructose
D)ribose

Question 66

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g?

A)Saccharin
B)Stevia
C)Sucralose
D)Sucrose

Question 67

Glycogen is

A)a simple sugar in grapes and honey.
B)the form of carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue.
C)a polysaccharide made by plants.
D)the form of fat stored in fat cells.

Question 68

Phil is a healthy college student.When he wakes up in the morning,he can't wait to eat breakfast.While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages,his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

A)thyroxin
B)glucagon
C)aldosterone
D)insulin

Question 69

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student.He avoids milk,because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However,he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms.Based on this information,Clayton probably has

A)botulism poisoning.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)lactose intolerance.
D)amylase deficiency.

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Sucrose is a source of glucose.
B)Sucrose supplies more energy,gram per gram,than starch.
C)Sucrose is comprised of two glucose molecules.
D)Sucrose has no nutritional value.

Question 71

Pancreatic amylase

A)contributes to cystic fibrosis.
B)is secreted by the gallbladder.
C)converts glucose to energy in cells.
D)digests starch in the small intestine.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together.
B)Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil.
C)Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough,overcooked meat.
D)Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Question 73

Steve has pancreatic cancer.As a result of the disease,Steve has a high risk of

A)diverticular disease.
B)diabetes mellitus.
C)metabolic syndrome.
D)cystic fibrosis.

Question 74

Lena's 4-year-old son is not well.He lacks much interest in playing,he has lost weight,his breath has a strange odor,and he seems to be thirsty all the time.Based on this information,Lena should

A)have her son treated for cystic fibrosis.
B)have her son tested for type 1 diabetes.
C)limit her son's intake of fluids.
D)decrease her son's intake of dietary fiber.

Question 75

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The typical American consumes recommended amounts of fiber.
B)People may increase their risk of type 2 diabetes by eating more fiber-rich foods.
C)Most forms of fiber are easily digested by enzymes secreted by human small intestinal cells.
D)Fruits and vegetables are sources of fiber.

Question 76

The starch in oatmeal and wheat is composed of _____ molecules.

A)fructose
B)mannose
C)lactose
D)glucose

Question 77

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of type 2 diabetes?

A)Having low blood pressure
B)Weighing more than average
C)Having northern European ancestry
D)Being taller than average

Question 78

If you wanted to include a starchy food to your meal,which of the following foods would you add?

A)Potatoes
B)Eggs
C)Honey
D)Milk

Question 79

The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of _____ molecules.

A)glycogen
B)polysaccharide
C)glucose
D)fructose

Question 80

According to Cleo's physician,her blood cholesterol level is too high.Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol?

A)Fat-free chocolate milk
B)Ready-to-eat oatmeal cereal
C)Lean beef
D)American processed cheese food