Deck 10: Energy Balance and Weight Control

Question 1

A person's risk of _____ increases as his or her BMI is 25 or more.

A)cardiovascular disease (CVD)
B)cystic fibrosis
C)beriberi
D)pernicious anemia

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to the ____ theory,a person's body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.

A)metabolic-factor
B)set-point
C)hormonal-inaction
D)thermostatic-control

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The _____ is based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.

A)VO_{2 max}
B)adjusted adiposity factor
C)waist/hip variable
D)body mass index

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Pedro would like to gain weight,but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder,his BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in one year.According to this information,his physician will need to ________.

A)let him know that it is not necessary for him to gain weight,because his BMI is in the healthy range
B)treat him with hypermetabolic medications
C)determine whether he has a serious chronic disease,such as inflammatory bowel disease
D)provide him with a low-fat,low-carb diet that provides 900 kcal/day to gain weight

Question 5

Which of the following behaviors is typical of sign someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?

A)Eating only apples and cooked pasta with grated cheese for several days
B)Regularly using laxatives lose weight
C)Binge-eating daily for 4 months
D)Frequently making oneself vomit after meals

Question 6

In the United States,_____ are more likely to be overweight or obese than other adults.

A)middle-age men with Asian ancestry
B)non-Hispanic black women
C)white post-menopausal women
D)Hispanic men who are between 20 and 30 years of age

Question 7

_____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.

A)Cellulite
B)Subcutaneous
C)Visceral
D)Intracellular

Question 8

Which of the following behaviors is typical of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?

A)Skipping breakfast when late for an exam
B)Regularly using laxatives lose weight
C)Binge-eating daily for 4 months
D)Frequently making oneself vomit after meals

Question 9

Robert would like to gain weight,but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder,his BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in one year.According to this information,his physician will need to ________.

A)provide him with a low-fat,low-carb diet that provides 900 kcal/day to gain weight
B)treat him with hypermetabolic medications
C)determine whether he has a serious chronic disease,such as tuberculosis
D)let him know that it is not necessary for him to gain weight,because his BMI is in the healthy range

Question 10

Esther would like to gain weight,but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder,her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in one year.According to this information,Esther's physician will need to ________.

A)let Esther know that she shouldn't try to gain weight,because her BMI is in the healthy range
B)provide Esther with a low-fat,low-carb diet that provides 900 kcal/day to gain weight
C)treat Esther with hypermetabolic medications
D)determine whether Esther has cancer or another serious chronic disease

Question 11

Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day,at least 5 days a week.He weighs 230 pounds,and his BMI is 23.7.According to this information,Jason ________.

A)has the athletic sports triad
B)is obese
C)is overweight
D)has more lean than fat tissue

Question 12

People with BMIs of 25 or more have greater risks of _____ than people with BMIs in the healthy range.

A)fluorosis
B)anemia
C)hypertension
D)osteomalacia

Question 13

According to national surveys,the percentage of obese American adults increased by almost ____ % between 1988-1994 and 2009-2010.

A)66
B)56
C)46
D)76

Question 14

_____ is the standard for evaluating body weight that is based on the relationship between weight and risk of certain chronic diseases.

A)Fat-to-lean index
B)Body mass index
C)Relative adiposity index
D)Waist circumference index

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

A)An obese person with a BMI of 32 has more healthy fat tissue than an obese person with a BMI of 25.
B)A person who has a BMI of 26.2 can have more muscle and bone tissue than another person who has the same BMI.
C)A man is obese when his percentage of body fat reaches 15%.
D)A healthy person has a percentage of body fat that is between 1 and 9%.

Question 16

_____ is the primary function of adipose cells.

A)Metabolizing amino acids to build muscle tissue
B)Storing triglycerides (fat)
C)Storing glycogen
D)Metabolizing glucose to generate heat

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Binge-eating disorder is the most serious eating disorder,because 36% of people with the condition commit suicide.
B)Young women are more likely to develop muscle dysmorphia than young men.
C)Disordered eating practices are usually temporary and occur when the person is under stress.
D)According to the DSM-5,there are two main types of eating disorders that physicians can diagnose: bulimia and anorexi

A)

Question 18

According to the "set-point theory," a person's ________.

A)metabolic rate remains the same,regardless of environmental or physical factors
B)saturated fat intake strongly influences the rate at which he or she loses weight
C)body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter
D)body weight is influenced primarily by environmental factors

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Young women are more likely to develop muscle dysmorphia than young men.
B)According to the DSM-5,there are two main types of eating disorders that physicians can diagnose: bulimia and anorexi

A)
C)Anorexia nervosa is the most serious eating disorder,because the condition has the highest death rate of any psychological disorder.
D)Disordered eating practices are very serious psychological disturbances that typically become permanent.

Question 20

A person's risk of _____ increases as his or her BMI is 25 or more.

A)pernicious anemia
B)beriberi
C)cystic fibrosis
D)type 2 diabetes

Question 21

Marcia's BMI is 24.2.Based on this information,her weight is in the _____ range.

A)healthy
B)underweight
C)overweight
D)extremely obese

Question 22

Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches.Based on this information,he has a high risk of ________.

A)cardiovascular disease
B)elevated HDL cholesterol
C)protein-energy malnutrition
D)low LDL cholesterol

Question 23

Gloria's BMI is 32.4; her waist circumference is 38 inches and her hip circumference is 37 inches.According to this information,she ________.

A)is likely to have fertility problems
B)has a "pear-shaped" body
C)consumes fewer kilocalories than she needs
D)engages in too much physical activity

Question 24

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop _____ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.

A)beriberi
B)iron-deficiency anemia
C)elevated HDL cholesterol
D)type 2 diabetes

Question 25

Matt is having his body fat assessed by ____,a technique that requires a large device called the BOD POD.

A)bioelectrical impedance
B)air displacement
C)skinfold measurements
D)dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Question 26

Craig is a 22-year-old man who has a healthy percentage of body fat.Based on this information,about _____ of his body is fat.

A)25%
B)15%
C)35%
D)45%

Question 27

Tamara is a 19-year-old female college student.Her percentage of body fat is 8%.Which of the following statements about Tamara is true?

A)Tamara's percentage of body fat is acceptable,if her body water content is higher than average.
B)Tamara is lean and has a healthy percentage of body fat for a young woman.
C)Tamara's body has too much fat.
D)Tamara's percentage of body fat is too low.

Question 28

Tim's body is shaped like a pear,because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist.His body fat distribution is associated with ________.

A)increased risk of type 2 diabetes,hypertension,and heart disease
B)fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body
C)increased risk of osteoporosis,cystic fibrosis,and autoimmune diseases
D)More nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body

Question 29

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water?

A)Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
B)Bioelectrical impedance
C)Air displacement
D)Underwater weighing

Question 30

Obese women have a higher risk of developing _____ during pregnancy than pregnant women who are not obese.

A)maternal homocystinuria
B)cystic fibrosis
C)gestational diabetes
D)pernicious anemia

Question 31

Tyrone's BMI is 27.2.Based on this information,his weight is in the _____ range.

A)underweight
B)extremely obese
C)healthy
D)overweight

Question 32

Deon has pancreatic cancer.His BMI is 14.2,and he's lost a substantial amount of subcutaneous fat.Based on this information,Deon has ________.

A)numerous bruises on his body,especially his arms and legs
B)increased urinary nitrogen output in response to the lack of subcuteous fat
C)elevated visceral fat
D)vitamin toxicity disorders,especially those associated with the fat-soluble vitamins

Question 33

Jillian is 3-months pregnant with her first child.Before she became pregnant,her BMI was 33.4.Based on this information,she has a high risk of developing ________.

A)osteomalacia
B)gestational diabetes
C)cystic fibrosis
D)megaloblastic anemia

Question 34

Marissa is in the 4th month of her first pregnancy.Although she has no major health problems,her pre-pregnancy BMI was 32.2.Based on this information,she has a high risk of developing ________.

A)cystic fibrosis
B)megaloblastic anemia
C)hypertension
D)osteomalacia

Question 35

Ashley's BMI is 16.8.Based on this information,her weight is in the _____ range.

A)healthy
B)overweight
C)obese
D)underweight

Question 36

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?

A)Underwater weighing
B)Skinfold measurements
C)Air displacement
D)Bioelectrical impedance

Question 37

_____ fat is located in the omentum.

A)Bariatric
B)Subcutaneous
C)Visceral
D)Cellulite

Question 38

Macey's BMI is 30.2.Based on this information,her weight is in the _____ range.

A)underweight
B)overweight
C)obese
D)healthy

Question 39

Jerad's BMI is 31.4.His waistline measures 42 inches,and his hip circumference measures 38 inches.Based on this information,he has ________.

A)"lower-body obesity"
B)a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes
C)a "pear-shaped" body
D)hypometabolic syndrome

Question 40

"Cellulite" is ________.

A)subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance
B)a special type of muscle tissue that is stored in thighs and buttocks of women
C)fat that can be removed by mechanical massage or melted by hot laser therapy
D)visceral fat that has migrated from the abdomen to thighs and buttocks

Question 41

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone
B)Producing milk to breastfeed a baby
C)Consuming essential fatty acids
D)Having a higher than normal level of cholescystokinin

Question 42

Which of the following activities is an aspect of basal metabolism?

A)Digesting starches and sugars
B)Maintaining an upright posture
C)Building bone tissue
D)Watching TV

Question 43

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for ________.

A)shivering in cold conditions
B)digesting food
C)performing physical activity
D)circulating blood

Question 44

Which of the following conditions or situations increases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Fever
B)Short height
C)Aging
D)Starvation diet

Question 45

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Consuming essential fatty acids
B)Having a fever
C)Producing milk to breastfeed a baby
D)Losing muscle mass

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells.
B)An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man.
C)As people grow older,their metabolic rates decline.
D)The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells.

Question 47

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient,practical,and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

A)Using the BOD POD method
B)Using the underwater weighing technique
C)Measuring the person's waist circumference
D)Weighing the person and then consulting a weight/height table

Question 48

Elsa is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 152 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

A)2469 kcal
B)1490 kcal
C)3282 kcal
D)1056 kcal

Question 49

A person's _____ does not influence the amount of energy he or she uses while performing physical activity.

A)degree of effort
B)ethnic ancestry
C)body weight
D)time spent in motion

Question 50

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Consuming essential fatty acids
B)Having a higher than normal level of cholescystokinin
C)Being pregnant
D)Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone

Question 51

While sitting at a desk,Lisa talks on her cell phone.Under these conditions,talking on a cell phone is a form of _____ activity.

A)nonexercise activity thermogenesis
B)TEF
C)basal metabolic
D)physical

Question 52

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone
B)Having a higher than normal level of cholescystokinin
C)Recovering from an exercise workout
D)Consuming essential fatty acids

Question 53

Breathing,circulating blood,and thinking are _____ activities.

A)TEF
B)physical
C)NEAT
D)basal metabolic

Question 54

While in class,Barry can't seem to sit still.He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position.The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as ________.

A)resting metabolism
B)NEAT
C)TEF
D)basal metabolism

Question 55

The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

A)adrenal
B)hypothalamus
C)thyroid
D)salivary

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A person can dramatically increase his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet.
B)A young person's metabolic rate increases during periods of growth.
C)On average,women have higher metabolic rates than men.
D)Taking stimulant drugs,such as caffeine,decreases a person's metabolic rate.

Question 57

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for ________.

A)performing physical activity
B)breathing
C)maintaining muscle tone
D)digesting food

Question 58

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone
B)Consuming essential fatty acids
C)Having a fever
D)Producing milk to breastfeed a baby

Question 59

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone
B)Having a higher than normal level of ghrelin
C)Consuming caffeine
D)Consuming nucleic acids

Question 60

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?

A)Growing older
B)Producing milk to breastfeed a baby
C)Consuming essential fatty acids
D)Having a fever

Question 61

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of ________.

A)CCK
B)polyesterase
C)aldosterone
D)ghrelin

Question 62

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of ________.

A)ghrelin
B)aldosterone
C)ADH
D)leptin

Question 63

Darlene is a 5′ 2′′,23-year-old woman who weighs almost 250 pounds.To lose weight,she's tried calorie-restricted diets,fad diets,exercise programs,and appetite-suppressing pills without success.She would like to try a surgical weight loss method that reduces the size of her stomach without the use of staples and is reversible.Her physician is likely to recommend ________.

A)sleeve gastrectomy
B)gastric resection
C)adjustable gastric banding
D)gastric bypass procedure

Question 64

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to block the production,release,or action of ________.

A)insulin
B)ghrelin
C)leptin
D)melatonin

Question 65

Barry is a 25-year-old man who weighs 222 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is his estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

A)1056 kcal
B)3282 kcal
C)2424 kcal
D)5328 kcal

Question 66

A person who has a "thrifty metabolism" _____ when compared to a person who does not have a thrifty metabolism.

A)burns three times more fat
B)metabolizes more glucose than fatty acids for energy
C)gains weight more easily
D)loses excess food energy in the form of body heat

Question 67

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.

A)4500
B)2500
C)1500
D)3500

Question 68

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Fat cells produce leptin,a hormone that can reduce hunger.
B)Ghrelin is an enzyme that breaks down fat in the stomach.
C)People with "thrifty" metabolisms burn more fat per hour than other people.
D)Satiety is the feeling that drives a person to consume food.

Question 69

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds.The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________.

A)increase her daily vitamin D intake
B)increase her essential fatty acid intake
C)decrease her physical activity
D)decrease her usual daily energy intake

Question 70

Dennis wants to gain weight,primarily as lean tissue.In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly,he should ________.

A)add nutrient-dense,healthy sources of energy to his diet,including fatty fish,whole-grain cereals,nuts,peanut butter,and olive oil
B)increase his protein intake to 60% of total energy intake,eat more complex carbohydrates,and take a multivitamin/multimineral supplement
C)avoid aerobic activities on the days he doesn't lift weights and eat about 50% of total calories from saturated fat
D)supplement his diet with essential amino acids and limit his total fat intake to no more than 10% of total kilocalories

Question 71

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight.Based on this information,this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production,release,or action of ________.

A)peptide YY
B)aldosterone
C)ghrelin
D)salivary amylase

Question 72

Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?

A)A 29-year old woman who has maintained her weight for six months.
B)A 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight.
C)A 23-year-old man who lifts weights every other day and has a BMI of 24.
D)A 5-year-old girl who is healthy and physically active.

Question 73

Mandy is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 154 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

A)2469 kcal
B)3326 kcal
C)1512 kcal
D)4140 kcal

Question 74

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds.According to this information,her program ________.

A)requires dietary supplements that contain vitamins,minerals,and ephedra
B)reduces her metabolic rate by 20%
C)includes regular physical activity
D)limits her energy intake to no more than 800 kcal/day

Question 75

Terry is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 132 pounds.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

A)1056 kcal
B)1296 kcal
C)2851 kcal
D)1440 kcal

Question 76

_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time.

A)Colonoscopy
B)Liposuction
C)Bariatric surgery
D)Stomachectomy

Question 77

Bill is a 5′ 9′′,40-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds.To lose weight,he's tried calorie-restricted diets,fad diets,exercise programs,and appetite-suppressing pills without success.Bill's physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help Bill lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

A)gastric bypass
B)hypothalamectomy
C)liposuction
D)frontal lobotomy

Question 78

Mandy is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 64 kg.Using the simple "rule of thumb" method,what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

A)1512 kcal
B)1894 kcal
C)1382 kcal
D)2133 kcal

Question 79

George is a 5′ 8′′,29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds.To lose weight,he's tried calorie-restricted diets,fad diets,exercise programs,and appetite-suppressing pills without success.George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity.George's physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

A)anterior thyroidectomy
B)visceral lipectomy
C)frontal lobotomy
D)sleeve gastrectomy

Question 80

Which of the following persons is in a state of positive energy balance?

A)A 29-year old woman who has maintained her weight for six months.
B)An 89-year-old man who spends most of his day in a wheelchair or bed.
C)A 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight.
D)A 25-year-old woman who is in her 6th month of pregnancy.