Deck 15: Health Psychology: Challenges for the Future

Question 1

Future health promotion efforts could promote resilience by

A) exploring how to decrease personal control with age.
B) finding ways to increasing social support and a sense of connectedness to one's community.
C) studying how people gradually reduce their levels of stress.
D) ignoring factors that may reduce morbidity or delay mortality.
E) encouraging health-promoting behaviours in college students.

Answer 1

finding ways to increasing social support and a sense of connectedness to one's community.

Question 2

Refocusing health promotion strategies toward morbidity

A) is unnecessary because there will always be 10 top causes of death.
B) will raise health care costs significantly.
C) is only important for those at risk of chronic illness.
D) will not enhance quality of life.
E) should reduce health care costs.

Answer 2

should reduce health care costs.

Question 3

Future programs targeting the management of chronic illness must incorporate

A) psychological interventions directed to the psychological effects of illness such as schizophrenia.
B) bi-annual needs assessment over the long term to identify potential problems.
C) psychological assessments.
D) cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life.
E) All of these should be incorporated into future programs.

Answer 3

cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life.

Question 4

The adult Canadian female population will be under unprecedented degrees of stress in the future.

Question 5

Significant gains in the quality of life would best be achieved by reorienting the focus of health promotion toward

A) early identification of risk factors.
B) interventions to increase socialization amongst introverted and shy populations.
C) increasing the period of morbidity.
D) educating youth on the long-term effects of certain behaviours such as smoking.
E) delaying mortality.

Question 6

Average Canadian Aboriginal peoples live than average Canadians.

A) ten years longer
B) less
C) more
D) ten years less
E) the same

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the concerns associated with the aging of the population?

A) Changing public attitudes about death and dying.
B) The unique problems faced by AIDS patients.
C) Ethical issues surrounding death and dying.
D) Unique risk factors for men.
E) Unique risk factors for women.

Question 8

As the elderly population increases, a corresponding increase is expected in the incidence of

A) communicable diseases
B) deafness
C) vision problems
D) cancer
E) The incidence of both deafness and vision loss will increase corresponding to the increase in the elderly population.

Question 9

Researchers have finally reached consensus on a definition of healthy aging.

Question 10

One of the chief remaining tasks of managing chronic disorders is identifying

A) the best way to increase gender equality in adherence.
B) the best way to gain adherence to multiple treatment goals.
C) how to shift responsibility for pain control from the patient to the practitioner.
D) how to increase acceptance of alternative medicine.
E) how to improve pain management with cognitive-behavioural methods.

Question 11

To better address the health needs of women in the future, it may be necessary to

A) focus on abused women.
B) address their SES and associated risk factors.
C) recognize the diversity among Canadian women with respect to risk factors for health and access to health care.
D) recognize the importance of marital factors in their health.
E) focus more on the educationally disadvantaged.

Question 12

Health promotion programs that target the elderly

A) are a waste of money because health habits are established early in life.
B) should focus only on the dietary habits and not than social/emotional effects of aging.
C) are important right now, but they will become less important as the size of the elderly cohort declines over the next 10 years.
D) will become increasingly important as the size of the elderly cohort continues to increase over the next 10 years.
E) will become less important because the elderly cohort is exceptionally healthy and active.

Question 13

Advancements in the treatment of chronic disease include

A) a shift in the responsibility for pain control from the practitioner to the patient.
B) increased use of improved pharmacological pain control techniques.
C) state-of-the-art treatments for chronic pain becoming increasingly available at local clinics and hospitals.
D) increased acceptance of co-management of pain by the practitioner and the patient.
E) increasing the frequency of non-invasive surgeries for minor symptoms.

Question 14

Living longer does not always translate into a higher quality of life.

Question 15

Although some of the racial difference in Aboriginal health stems from differences in
socio-economic status, some is due to the lack of access to traditional medicines, healers or wellness practices.

Question 16

The demographics of people with AIDS are shifting to ethnic minorities, women, and the poor.

Question 17

Occupational stress researchers have identified job characteristics that are tied to stress. Which is NOT one of these characteristics?

A) Having little opportunity for social support.
B) Transient employment.
C) Uncertain employment.
D) Unstable employment.
E) Jobs with high control and low demands.

Question 18

Heart disease research has substantially overrepresented

A) the elderly.
B) alcoholics.
C) minorities.
D) women.
E) men.

Question 19

Allostatic load is

A) the mental load on cognitive faculties from too much studying.
B) another term for having too many medications.
C) the "wear and tear" on the body in response to prolonged stress.
D) the weight that load bearing muscles experience when lifting heavy items.
E) another term for lack of sleep.

Question 20

The symptoms of heart disease are the same for women as they are for men.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT one of the suggested solutions to deal with Canada's health care access issues?

A) Training and integrating physician assistants into the health care system.
B) Easing the restrictions placed upon foreign physicians.
C) Mobile clinics.
D) Increasing the availability of telehealth technologies to underserved areas such as Canada's northern and rural communities.
E) The implementation of interprofessional teams.

Question 22

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) providers may be one potential venue for encouraging and supporting health behaviour change because

A) of their shorter consultation times.
B) they are available after hours also.
C) the patient is more engaged and therefore feels more responsible for their health.
D) it is cheaper than traditional care.
E) research suggests that they do not encourage and support autonomous health behaviour changes.

Question 23

Answer the question posed in the text "What are the issues in chronic illness management for the future?"

Question 24

Discuss the many advances in stress management that are available to reduce or offset stressful circumstances.

Question 25

Integrative care combines complementary therapies with conventional treatments to increase patients' sense of control over their health.

Question 26

Some of the limitations of virtual social support may be overcome by

A) surfing the Internet.
B) watching television.
C) the growing use of social networking sites.
D) reading.
E) viewing favourite films and shows on Netflix.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic problems facing the users of the health care system in Canada?

A) It is not easily accessible.
B) The system is inequitable.
C) Quality of care leaves much to be desired.
D) Health care costs too much money for the average user.
E) These are all problems facing users of the Canadian health care system.

Question 28

For every $1 spent on psychological care there is a $10 saving in medical costs.

Question 29

As medicine becomes technologically more complex, the use of control-enhancing interventions will become even more important.

Question 30

Why is refocusing health promotion efforts important and how can this be achieved? Discuss the venues and factors that need to be considered in order to improve health promotion in the future.

Question 31

Integrative care

A) incorporates several complementary treatments into one.
B) is used for treating stroke patients.
C) incorporates several conventional treatments into one.
D) combines complementary therapies with conventional treatments.
E) is practiced by Canadian Aboriginal peoples.

Question 32

One important characteristic of the two-career family, which has an important impact on primary prevention for stress-related disorders, is the fact that

A) the two-career family must absorb an extra week a year of housework, home activities, and child care.
B) the two-career family belongs to several social clubs and associations.
C) working wives and mothers show problems in psychological adjustment.
D) nutrition in two-career households is generally poor.
E) the two-career family has fewer opportunities for building socially supportive networks.

Question 33

Explain current pressures toward cost containment of health care costs. In what ways do these economic factors affect research and practice in health psychology?

Question 34

Comprehensive intervention models

A) have yet to be developed for chronic diseases.
B) require more effort from the patient, when compared to more traditional methods.
C) have proven to be less expensive than other models and remarkably cost effective.
D) concentrate and coordinate medical and psychological expertise.
E) aim to isolate and focus on individual symptoms.

Question 35

The Health Council of Canada has suggested that the biggest health care issue in Canada is

A) health care access.
B) growing health care costs.
C) inequality.
D) patient consumerism.
E) the high prevalence of health compromising behaviours.

Question 36

Interprofessional teams are a way to combat the health care provider shortage in remote communities.

Question 37

Fewer hospital days, higher accessibility, and safer treatments are the result of providing appropriate psychological services. The number one reason Canada continues to see many psychologists in the health care system is because

A) there are a greater number of elderly Canadians now than there has been in the past.
B) there is a higher incidence of mental illness than there was 20 years ago.
C) the pressure to contain costs in the health care system.
D) the opportunity for psychologists to find employment by opening a private practice has decreased.
E) a greater number of psychologists are being trained.

Question 38

The current trend toward cost containment pushes health psychology in the direction of research questions designed to

A) keep patients out of the health care system.
B) develop convincing methods of measuring successful psychological interventions.
C) lower the costs of providing health care services in rural areas.
D) practice inexpensive pain-management techniques.
E) develop interventions that are time-limited, symptom-focused, and offered as outpatient services.