Deck 2: Management History

Question 1

The division of labor is also referred to by the term job specification.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Henri Fayol was among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study hand- and- body motions.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Frank Gilbreth's best- known contribution to scientific management concerned selecting the best worker for a particular job.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Linear programming is a technique that managers use to improve resource allocation decisions.

Question 5

Gilbreth is best known for "the one best way."

Question 6

General administrative theory focuses only on managers and administrators.

Question 7

The Industrial Revolution began in the nineteenth century.

Question 8

Geert Hofstede is associated with the scientific management approach.

Question 9

Principles of Scientific Management was written by Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Question 10

The 14 principles of management are associated with Fayol.

Question 11

Henri Fayol identified five functions of managers: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.

Question 12

"Employee motivation" is the phrase most associated with scientific management.

Question 13

Frederick Taylor is most associated with the principles of scientific management.

Question 14

Weber's bureaucracy is a lot like scientific management.

Question 15

The primary issue that motivated Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was worker satisfaction.

Question 16

The quantitative approach to management has also been labeled process research.

Question 17

Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested the incentive pay principle.

Question 18

According to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.

Question 19

In the Industrial Revolution, machine power began substituting for human power.

Question 20

An organization that has a division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as a bureaucracy.

Question 21

Prompt payment of wages is not part of Islamic managerial perspectives.

Question 22

The introduction of "craft associations" or "brotherhoods" in to Arab culture, came during the British and French colonization in the twentieth century.

Question 23

Before the advent of Islam, the early Arabs had complicated administrative structures.

Question 24

The contingency approach recognizes that organizations are not self- contained, but rely on their environment for essential inputs and as outlets to absorb their outputs.

Question 25

Barnard, Follett, Munsterberg, and Owen are all theorists associated with the early organizational behavior approach.

Question 26

Chester Bernard was the first to argue that organizations are open systems.

Question 27

The focus on employee productivity is most closely associated with the organizational behavior approach.

Question 28

The "post- prophetic" stage in Arab culture witnessed a slow but steady growth of commercial and administrative activities.

Question 29

The most important contribution to the field of organizational behavior came from studies conducted by the University of Michigan.

Question 30

Hugo Munsterberg created the field of social psychology.

Question 31

Follett is the scientist who is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies.

Question 32

During Arab history, "brotherhoods" or "fraternities," regulated the various crafts and established rules of practice.

Question 33

The presence of various religious and racial groups in the Arab world is really irrelevant to modern Arab managerial thinking.

Question 34

According to the textbook, total quality management is a philosophy of management driven by continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations.

Question 35

The Hawthorne Studies were performed at the General Motors plant beginning in 1924.

Question 36

In the context of Islamic managerial perspectives, "Amana" refers to the responsibility of employees toward their employers.

Question 37

Mary Parker Follett was the first advocate of the human resources approach to management.

Question 38

Two contemporary management perspectives, systems and contingency, look at what is happening in the external environment outside the boundaries of the organization.

Question 39

Islamic managerial perspectives have long emphasized mass production irrespective of the quality of the end product.

Question 40

Islamic managerial perspectives emphasize the responsibility of employees toward their employer, but not the other way around.

Question 41

In the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith described the breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks and called this _.

A) assembly lines
B) work denomination
C) division of labor
D) greatest common factor of work

Question 42

Frederick Taylor performed most of his work in .

A) steel companies in Pennsylvania
B) grape vineyards in California
C) auto assembly plants near Detroit
D) cotton gins in Alabama

Question 43

Bureaucracy is defined as a form of organization characterized by _.

A) division of labor
B) all of the above
C) detailed rules and regulations
D) clearly defined hierarchy

Question 44

General administrative theorists devoted their efforts to _.

A) improving the productivity and efficiency of workers
B) developing mathematical models to improve management
C) making the overall organization more effective
D) emphasizing the study of human behavior in organizations

Question 45

Fayol was interested in studying ________, whereas Taylor was interested in studying _.

A) administrative theory; macroeconomics
B) bureaucratic structures; chains of command
C) senior managers; effective managers
D) all managers; first- line managers

Question 46

According to the textbook, there is no widely accepted Arab theory of management.

Question 47

Which of the following is not one of Fayol's principles of management?

A) division of work
B) equality
C) unity of command
D) discipline

Question 48

An example of early uses of the functions of management is the _.

A) Artist's Revolution in 1803
B) arsenal of Venice where ships were built
C) development of gunpowder
D) War of 1812

Question 49

Frederick Taylor advocated which of the following management principles?

A) Workers should perform all work, while management should maintain responsibility for the work performed.
B) Workers can be highly productive even if they are randomly selected for a job.
C) Managers should perform more work that workers, because managers are generally more skilled.
D) Work and responsibility should be divided almost equally between managers and workers.

Question 50

Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested which of the following pay principles?

A) seniority pay
B) incentive pay
C) monthly salary with bonus
D) monthly salary

Question 51

Arab managerial practices can be understood solely in light of religious factors.

Question 52

Which of the following is not a reason why the division of labor enhances productivity?

A) It saves time lost in changing tasks.
B) It increases worker skill and dexterity.
C) It encourages labor- saving inventions.
D) It requires strict management control over worker time and motion.

Question 53

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were the first researchers to utilize motion pictures to the study of ________.

A) workers reactions to pay increases
B) hand- and- body motions
C) groups of workers in tense situations where they are assigning each other tasks
D) reactions of workers in group settings

Question 54

Which of the following was a major result of the Industrial Revolution?

A) cottage industry
B) factory manufacturing
C) water power
D) critical thinking

Question 55

Probably the best- known example of Taylor's scientific management was the ________ experiment.

A) pig iron
B) blue collar
C) fish tank
D) horseshoe

Question 56

General administrative theory focuses on _.

A) managers and administrators
B) primarily the accounting function
C) the measurement of organizational design relationships
D) the entire organization

Question 57

According to Weber's ideal bureaucracy, occurs when employees are placed in jobs based on technical qualifications.

A) career orientation
B) authority hierarchy
C) formal selection
D) impersonality

Question 58

The primary issue that motivated Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was _.

A) worker absenteeism and turnover
B) worker effectiveness
C) workplace safety
D) worker efficiency

Question 59

Which of the following phrases is most associated with scientific management?

A) supply and demand
B) management relations
C) quality control
D) one best way

Question 60

The quantitative approach to management has also been referred to by which of the following names?

A) sales optimization
B) managerial theory
C) statistical reformulation
D) management science

Question 61

Which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior created the field of industrial psychology, the scientific study of people at work?

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Chester Barnard
C) Hugo Munsterberg
D) Robert Owens

Question 62

A company that sees its employees as the driving force behind the organization probably follows which managerial approach?

A) organizational behavior
B) workplace diversity
C) quantitative analysis
D) total quality management

Question 63

The quantitative approach involves applications of _.

A) optimization models, interviews, and questionnaires
B) surveys, strategic planning, and group problem solving
C) statistics, information models, and computer simulations
D) psychology testing, focus groups, and mathematics

Question 64

According to the textbook, which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior was concerned about deplorable working conditions?

A) Chester Barnard
B) Mary Parker Follett
C) Hugo Munsterberg
D) Robert Owens

Question 65

Which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior was the first to argue that organizations were open systems?

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Chester Barnard
C) Hugo Munsterberg
D) Robert Owens

Question 66

TQM differs from earlier management theories because _.

A) low costs are viewed as the only road to increased productivity
B) reworked production items are handled by special teams assigned to this task
C) employee layoffs are considered acceptable provided that morale remains stable
D) high quality and low costs are both seen as important to productivity

Question 67

Quantitative techniques have become less intimidating with the advent of _.

A) sophisticated computer software
B) training of these techniques in college
C) digital image processing
D) managers with better mathematical skills

Question 68

All of the following are characteristics of total quality management except _.

A) empowerment of employees
B) concern for continual improvement
C) intense focus on the competition
D) improvement in the quality of everything the organization does

Question 69

Which of the following was a major contribution of Hugo Munsterberg?

A) He was a social reformer.
B) He viewed organizations as social systems requiring human cooperation.
C) He created the field of industrial psychology.
D) He was interested in individual and group behavior.

Question 70

Decisions on determining a company's optimum inventory levels have been significantly influenced by _.

A) economic order quantity modeling
B) linear programming
C) regression analysis
D) work scheduling

Question 71

Quality management is driven by a focus on _.

A) knowledge management
B) continual improvement
C) workplace spirituality
D) workplace diversity

Question 72

Which four theorists are associated with the early organizational behavior approach?

A) Munsterberg, Taylor, Fayol, and Follett
B) Follett, Barnard, Munsterberg, and Weber
C) Barnard, Follett, Munsterberg, and Owen
D) Taylor, Fayol, Weber, and Barnard

Question 73

is a technique that managers use to improve resource allocation decisions.

A) Economic order quantity modeling
B) Work scheduling
C) Linear programming
D) Regression analysis

Question 74

The quantitative approach evolved from the development of mathematical and statistical solutions to _.

A) military problems in World War II
B) production management problems in the 1950s
C) waiting line problems at fast- food restaurants in the 1960s
D) clogged telephone circuits during the 1930s

Question 75

Which of the following would not be associated with the quantitative approach to management?

A) linear programming
B) information models
C) systematic motivation of individuals
D) critical- path scheduling

Question 76

________ and were two of the pioneers in the area of total quality management.

A) Deming; Juran
B) Owen; Munsterberg
C) Taylor; Gilbreth
D) Fayol; Weber

Question 77

Munsterberg's work in industrial psychology is easily connected with what other management approach?

A) scientific management
B) general administrative
C) classical management
D) systems

Question 78

was one of the first to recognize that organizations could be viewed from the perspective of individual and group behavior.

A) Robert Owens
B) Chester Barnard
C) Mary Parker Follett
D) Hugo Munsterberg

Question 79

is the generic term used to describe the quality revolution that swept through both the business and public sectors during the 1980s and 1990s.

A) Ethno quality management
B) Hyper quality management
C) Partial quality management
D) Total quality management

Question 80

Which of the following is most closely associated with the organizational behavior approach to management?

A) interdependent systems
B) bureaucracy
C) concern for employee motivation
D) scientific methodology