Deck 12: Work,retirement,and Leisure

Question 1

Which of the following is not a major cause of layoffs in today's society?

A) downsizing
B) relocation of operations
C) money
D) competition

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Occupational priorities are

A) what people's job require.
B) what people want from their jobs.
C) important components of one's job.
D) how people organize aspects of their jobs.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following occupations is an example of the enterprising type in the Holland's model?

A) carpenter
B) engineer
C) construction worker
D) real estate agent

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The main reason that most people work is for

A) money.
B) personal identity.
C) prestige.
D) sense of worth.

Question 5

More than half of all young adults would like to become professionals (e.g.,physicians or lawyers),but only_____people make it.

A) 1 in 25
B) 1 in 13
C) 1 in 7
D) 1 in 4

Question 6

Regardless of occupational priorities,people view their occupation as

A) something they have to do for money.
B) something that gets better with time.
C) part of their world knowledge.
D) part of their identity.

Question 7

Simon just started another new job trying to figure out what he wants to do for a career.According to Super he is in which stage?

A) implementation
B) establishment
C) maintenance
D) deceleration

Question 8

Occupational choices reflect personality,interests,and

A) social clocks.
B) biological clocks.
C) psychological clocks.
D) physiological clocks.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about Holland's theory is true?

A) Personality completely determines occupational choice.
B) Once you choose an occupation,you will remain with it for life.
C) The match between personality and job is at the performance level.
D) Men and women are differentially represented in Holland's types.

Question 10

Based on Holland's theory most women fall into which personality types?

A) social,artistic,and conventional
B) conventional,enterprising,and social
C) enterprising,investigative,and realistic
D) men and women are equally represented in Holland's types

Question 11

The AT&T study found that those in lower-level management positions for a long period had

A) higher expectations of rewards from work than high-level managers.
B) lower expectations of rewards from work than high-level managers.
C) did not change in the expectations.
D) had greater life satisfaction.

Question 12

Which of Holland's personality types prefers physical work and solving concrete problems?

A) investigative
B) social
C) realistic
D) artistic

Question 13

The nature of work is changing which means that workers

A) can count on their current job skills for the rest of their careers.
B) must assume more autonomy and decision-making authority and have technical skills.
C) should not waste their time on technical skills.
D) will move toward single job careers.

Question 14

This researcher's theory suggests that people choose careers with the greatest similarity to their personality.

A) Super
B) Holland
C) Cavanaugh
D) Schaie

Question 15

Super's theory of occupational development progresses through four adult stages before arriving at retirement stage.What is the sequence of the four stages?

A) implementation,establishment,deceleration,and maintenance
B) implementation,establishment,maintenance,and deceleration
C) implementation,maintenance,deceleration,and establishment
D) establishment,maintenance,implementation,and deceleration

Question 16

Research evidence shows that support for Holland's theory exists at the level of

A) performance requirements.
B) occupational incongruence.
C) ability.
D) interests.

Question 17

Results from the AT&T longitudinal study show that older and younger managers differed in all of the following except

A) motivation for upward mobility.
B) need for achievement.
C) desire for emotional support.
D) desire for directing others.

Question 18

The AT&T study found that those in high management positions who had only been in the study briefly had

A) much higher expectations of rewards from work than long-term managers.
B) much lower expectations of rewards from work than long-term managers.
C) had similar high expectations of rewards as lower-level managers.
D) had similar low exceptions of rewards as lower-level managers.

Question 19

Based on Holland's research,most people who change careers in middle adulthood do so because

A) job satisfaction decreases over time and people are looking for a burst of energy.
B) their personalities change radically from one "type" to another in middle adulthood.
C) they realize that their personalities never really "fit" their jobs.
D) as one moves up the career ladder different personality types are needed.

Question 20

In Super's theory of occupational development,the establishment stage

A) occurs when people work to maximize their efficiency.
B) is when people start to work their way up the career ladder.
C) is when people try out various jobs to find the right one.
D) is when people are established so they reduce the amount of time they spend working.

Question 21

What is the relationship between job satisfaction with increasing age?

A) There is an overall decline.
B) There is an overall increase.
C) There is no change.
D) Nobody knows.

Question 22

Joe works as an automobile assembly line worker who assembles windshield wiper parts.He believes that this is a routine and repetitive job and is probably experiencing

A) alienation.
B) burnout.
C) stress.
D) unrealistic expectations.

Question 23

Lisa is thinking about going up for promotion and has been regularly asking her mentor for advice and suggestions to improve her chances.She is in which of Kram's stages

A) initiation.
B) cultivation.
C) separation.
D) redefinition.

Question 24

Megan is feeling what she does is meaningless and not valued.She is having feelings of

A) burnout.
B) alienation.
C) job dissatisfaction.
D) job mismatch.

Question 25

Mary is a construction worker with a larger firm.She really enjoys the hands-on work and the good pay.However,her friends and family do not view her career favorably.This is likely due to the fact that

A) she holds a non-traditional job.
B) she is too feminine.
C) she is too masculine.
D) she has unrealistic expectations.

Question 26

Which of the following has not been offered as an explanation of the relationship between job satisfaction and age?

A) Older workers have had more time to find a job they like.
B) Older workers find satisfaction in different aspects of their jobs than younger workers.
C) Work becomes more of a focus in men's lives as they grow older.
D) It is becoming apparent that job satisfaction is cyclical.

Question 27

According to Kram's research,the most difficult stage of the mentor-protege relationship is

A) initiation.
B) cultivation.
C) separation.
D) redefinition.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a role of mentors?

A) helping the protege to avoid trouble
B) ensuring that the protege gets noticed
C) introducing the protege to potential mates
D) promoting the protege's social well-being

Question 29

Reality shock is

A) realizing that school is actually difficult.
B) realizing that you must move away from home.
C) discovering that you do not like your major.
D) discovering that the real world doesn't work exactly like it says in the book.

Question 30

Randy just found out that teaching elementary school is a lot more work than he thought.This is an example of

A) occupational expectation
B) occupational development
C) specification changes.
D) reality shock.

Question 31

Melissa just spent 20 years in school to earn an advanced degree.She just started her first job and realized that what she was taught in school is not really the way that the career works.Melissa is experiencing

A) occupational expectations.
B) occupational reality.
C) reality shock.
D) career expectations.

Question 32

Jackie is a postal worker who processes mail.Jackie perceives lots of pressure on the job and the pace is more than she can bear on most days.Jackie is likely to be experiencing

A) alienation.
B) burnout.
C) stress.
D) unrealistic expectations.

Question 33

Currently the percentage of women who work outside the home is at least

A) 25%.
B) 52%.
C) 64%.
D) 81%.

Question 34

Women find it more difficult than men to find mentors because

A) women really don't want mentors.
B) there are fewer women than men to serve as potential mentors.
C) having a mentor can be perceived as a sign of weakness or inadequacy.
D) mentors don't want to bother training a person who will soon quit to have a family.

Question 35

Research comparing African American and European American women reports that these women

A) differ significantly in their career expectations.
B) do not differ in their plans to enter nontraditional careers.
C) do not differ in their plans to enter traditional careers.
D) differ significantly in their plans to enter traditional careers.

Question 36

Betz (1984)examined the occupational histories of 500 college women 10 years following graduation and she found that two thirds of these women were highly committed to their occupations which were

A) mostly traditionally female jobs.
B) mostly nontraditional female jobs.
C) mostly male dominated jobs.
D) as homemakers.

Question 37

One way to reduce the likelihood that workers will get burnout is

A) not to take stressful jobs.
B) to take as much vacation time as possible.
C) not to worry about expectations and focus on communication.
D) to lower expectations and work on communication.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about gender differences in occupational choice is false?

A) Men are groomed for future employment.
B) Girls learn early that they will be known by what work they do.
C) Boys receive strong encouragement for thinking about what work they will do.
D) Occupational achievement is a major component of masculinity.

Question 39

When a person loses their occupational idealism and feel like they are being exploited,this is termed

A) alienation.
B) burnout.
C) stress.
D) unrealistic expectations.

Question 40

Playing the role of mentor fulfills which aspect of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

A) generativity
B) ego integrity
C) identity
D) intimacy

Question 41

In nearly_____of two-parent households,both parents work outside the home.

A) two-thirds
B) one-half
C) three-fourths
D) one-fourth

Question 42

Employed mothers have significantly less stress than employed non-mothers when

A) they have high control over their jobs.
B) when they have partners that provide good support.
C) when they have the ability to adjust their work schedules.
D) all of these.

Question 43

If Jane is promised a promotion on the condition that she sleeps with her boss,this an example of

A) sexual harassment.
B) gender harassment.
C) unwanted sexual attention.
D) the glass elevator.

Question 44

Hispanics differ from European Americans by having higher occupational aspirations and also

A) higher career goals.
B) lower desire for white-collar employment.
C) lower career expectations.
D) higher burnout rates.

Question 45

People over the age of_____are legally protected against age discrimination.

A) 40
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70

Question 46

Which of the following is not a common response to losing one's job?

A) initial optimism
B) declines in physical health
C) anxiety
D) depression

Question 47

What is the main reason for job obsolescence?

A) economic conditions
B) technological change
C) personality
D) interests

Question 48

Key factors in selecting care for one's children or parents include all of the following except

A) quality of care.
B) price.
C) hours of care.
D) close proximity.

Question 49

One surprising finding from a review of court cases on age discrimination was

A) the reliance on research data to make decisions.
B) that the person suing the company usually won.
C) how few cases actually have gotten to court.
D) the court's use of inaccurate stereotypes.

Question 50

Which of the following occurs when there is a lack of promotional opportunity in the organization or a person decides not to seek advancement?

A) career deceleration
B) obsolescence
C) career plateauing
D) depression

Question 51

A main barrier to women making it to the top of their career is

A) role overload.
B) role conflict.
C) lack of interest.
D) sex discrimination.

Question 52

Approximately_____of women report having been sexually harassed in the workplace at least once.

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 53

A term for the level in a corporation that women may rise to but not go beyond is

A) glass ceiling.
B) gender barrier.
C) hidden discrimination.
D) overt sexism.

Question 54

The likelihood that retraining will be successful is related to a worker's

A) self-esteem.
B) self-efficacy.
C) intrinsic motivation.
D) extrinsic motivation.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a major factor for changing occupations?

A) self-initiated change
B) obsolescence
C) economic factors
D) age

Question 56

Mike works in an office with mostly women.He feels uncomfortable because these women frequently comment on the attractiveness of his body parts and touch him.

A) This is an example of sexual harassment.
B) This is not sexual harassment because it only applies to men's behaviors to women.
C) This is an example of unwanted sexual attention.
D) This is an example of the glass elevator.

Question 57

Which of the following is an example of comparable worth?

A) paying female and male accountants the same
B) hiring women into the police force
C) paying construction workers and teachers similar salaries
D) laying off male plumbers to create equal numbers of men and women

Question 58

Which of the following statements is false concerning dual-worker couples?

A) Wives spend about twice as much time as their husbands on housework.
B) Husbands' satisfaction with the division of labor is based on the number of hours they spend on housework.
C) Interrupting one's career to raise children has negative consequences on overall occupational development.
D) The majority of husbands claim that they would refuse a new job offer for the sake of their wives' occupations.

Question 59

A term for the fact that men in traditionally female careers often rise faster than women is

A) glass ceiling.
B) gender enhancement.
C) glass elevator.
D) overt sexism.

Question 60

The clash between family and work is called

A) work-family conundrum.
B) divorce potential.
C) the sandwich factor.
D) inter-role conflict.

Question 61

Which of the following factors is responsible for improved public perception of the skills and wisdom older adults have to offer?

A) redefinition of the merits of volunteer work
B) a more highly educated older population
C) expanded opportunities for volunteer work
D) all of these

Question 62

Which of the following is not a major category of leisure activities?

A) cultural
B) physical
C) social
D) psychological

Question 63

A person experiences____________________when the pace and the pressure of one's occupation becomes more than one can bear,causing a depletion of a person's energy and motivation.

Question 64

Mentoring fulfills Erikson's psychosocial crisis of____________________.

Question 65

Peter just retired from the university and plans to sail around Lake Michigan the rest of his days.When asked if he thinks he might teach a college course from time to time he says "no way." This is an example of which patter of retirement?

A) crisp
B) blurred
C) partial
D) intermittent

Question 66

Which of the following variables is related to the kinds of leisure activities people choose?

A) education
B) income
C) health
D) all of these

Question 67

A common stereotype of retirement is

A) that health begins to decline as soon as people stop working.
B) that it reduces the number and quality of personal friendships.
C) that people become less active.
D) all of the these are common stereotypes of retirement.

Question 68

A(n)____________________is a person who teaches the informal rules of an organization to a new colleague.

Question 69

The Social Security Act was first passed in which year?

A) 1865
B) 1900
C) 1935
D) 1969

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true regarding retirement?

A) Visiting relatives and friends have little influence on satisfaction.
B) Retirement rarely disrupts long-established family relationship patterns.
C) Retirees want to have as little contact with their children as possible.
D) None of these are true.

Question 71

The realization that textbook examples learned in school often do not match the real work can lead to____________________.

Question 72

The fact that traditional female jobs (nurse,teacher)pay less than traditional male jobs (construction or factory worker)is an example of____________________.

Question 73

Which of the following is a major factor in a woman's decision to retire?

A) characteristics of her occupation
B) educational opportunities
C) her husband's status
D) social pressure

Question 74

Which type of leisure activities decline most across adulthood?

A) physical
B) social
C) solitary
D) cultural

Question 75

In which pattern of retirement does the individual move between exiting and re-entering the workplace?

A) crisp
B) blurred
C) partial
D) intermittent

Question 76

Men are most satisfied with a division of labor based on

A) hours spent on labor being equal.
B) doing the least amount of work possible.
C) completing traditionally female chores.
D) an equal number of chores to be done.

Question 77

The reasons why a person works and how these are viewed is their ____________________.

Question 78

What aspect of leisure activities remains constant across adulthood?

A) the type pursued
B) the quantity of activity
C) the quality of activity
D) the length of activity

Question 79

According to some research,the most important benefit of preretirement education programs is

A) increasing financial benefits.
B) speeding up retirement.
C) reducing the number of people who retire.
D) providing more realistic views of retirement.

Question 80

Which of the following is not a characteristic of people who participate in preretirement education programs?

A) doing some preparation on one's own
B) being single
C) having a family
D) having high occupational status