Deck 15: Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

Question 1

There is strong evidence to support ______ as the recommended treatment for PTSD in very young children.

A) lithium.
B) atypical antipsychotics
C) mood stabilizers
D) psychotherapy

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A 6-year follow up on the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS)suggested that very young children treated for moderate-to-severe ADHD:

A) are well-adjusted and do well in school.
B) have some difficulty with symptoms,but improve with cognitive behavioral therapy.
C) experience significant symptom severity impairment despite treatment with medication.
D) show gradual improvement with medication.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The drug class of choice for treating ADHD is the:

A) sedatives.
B) psychostimulants.
C) SSRIs.
D) anticonvulsants.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The following drug accounts for 90 percent of the prescriptions for ADHD:

A) cocaine
B) dextroamphetamine
C) methamphetamine
D) methylphenidate

Question 5

Exposure to the atypical antipsychotic _______ in the third trimester has been reported to result in tremor and irritability in newborns.

A) risperidone (Risperdol)
B) olanzapine (Zyprexa)
C) clozapine (Clozaril)
D) melatonin

Question 6

Evidence supports the use of ______ in preschool children that exhibit disruptive behavior.

A) lithium.
B) valproic acid (Depakote).
C) risperidone (Risperdol)
D) olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Question 7

While not thought to be a major teratogen,______ has been reported to increase the incidence of cleft palates in newborns.

A) lithium
B) valproic acid (Depakote)
C) topiramate (Topomax)
D) lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Question 8

The recommended approach for treating depression in very young children is:

A) SSRIs.
B) psychostimulants (e.g.,Ritalin).
C) psychotherapy.
D) mood stabilizers.

Question 9

Of the following,the drug-class of choice for treating aggressive disorders in children and adolescents is:

A) sedatives.
B) stimulants.
C) atypical antipsychotics.
D) antidepressants.

Question 10

Historically,the primary class of drugs used for the treatment of autism spectrum disorders were:

A) neuroleptics.
B) atypical antipsychotics.
C) antidepressants.
D) psychostimulants.

Question 11

In terms of pharmacokinetics,methylphenidate has a _____ onset and _____ duration.

A) slow; long
B) slow; short
C) fast; long
D) fast; short

Question 12

A daily dose of Concerta is equivalent to _____ daily doses of methylphenidate.

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) ten

Question 13

Adderal,a drug used to treat ADHD,is a form of:

A) minor tranquilizer.
B) major tranquilizer.
C) methylphenidate.
D) amphetamine.

Question 14

SSRI discontinuation syndrome in newborn offspring of mothers who use SSRI-type antidepressants in the third trimester:

A) does not occur.
B) is actually severe colic.
C) is usually fatal.
D) includes hyperactive reflexes and breathing difficulties.

Question 15

The major chronic disorder of young people relates to:

A) mental health.
B) muscle and bone disorders.
C) bacterial or viral infection.
D) cardiovascular health.

Question 16

The following class of drug is most efficacious for treating autism:

A) opiate antagonists.
B) psychostimulants.
C) SSRIs.
D) atypical antipsychotics.

Question 17

Brain differences of the ______ system are associated with ADHD.

A) NE
B) 5-HT
C) DA
D) glutamate.

Question 18

The mood stabilizer associated with the highest rate of congenital malformations is:

A) lithium.
B) valproic acid (Depakote).
C) topiramate (Topomax).
D) lamotrigine (Lamictal).

Question 19

_______ is first treatment of choice when dealing with depression in very young children.

A) SSRIs.
B) Tricyclic antidepressants.
C) Atypical antipsychotics.
D) Psychotherapy.

Question 20

The most extensively studied psychological disorder of childhood is:

A) autism.
B) conduct disorder.
C) aggressive disorders.
D) ADHD.

Question 21

Treatment of children with anti-ADHD medications leads to the following in adulthood:

A) a 2-fold increase in the likelihood of drug abuse.
B) a 10-fold increase in the likelihood of drug abuse.
C) no increased risk of drug abuse.
D) a 10-fold decrease in the likelihood of drug abuse.

Question 22

Paroxetine (Paxil)use during the first trimester may increase the incidence cardiac defects.

Question 23

Pharmacological interventions are considered to be the preferred approach for resolving psychological issues in preschoolers with mild symptoms or impairment.

Question 24

Depression and anxiety are rare among women during their child-bearing years.

Question 25

The two drugs well documented for,and approved by the FDA for,the treatment of major depression in children and adolescents are:

A) a benzodiazepine anxiolytic and Paxil.
B) Prozac and Effexor.
C) a benzodiazepine anxiolytic and Prozac.
D) Prozac and Lexapro.

Question 26

The atypical antipsychotics have long been associated with large numbers of birth defects.

Question 27

The drug (or drug class)of choice for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents is:

A) tricyclic antidepressants.
B) SSRIs.
C) benzodiazepines.
D) lithium.

Question 28

The drug class of choice for treating childhood and adolescent depression is:

A) benzodiazepines.
B) SSRIs.
C) tricyclic antidepressants.
D) psychostimulants.

Question 29

Evidence indicates that between 14 to 25 percent of youths experience a psychiatric disorder during their development.

Question 30

Risperidone is FDA approved for the treatment of autism in children under 3 years of age.

Question 31

The best pharmacological treatment for childhood- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia is:

A) an atypical antipsychotic.
B) an SSRI.
C) an antimanic anticonvulsant.
D) a sedative-barbiturate.

Question 32

The majority of youth and adolescents who need mental health services receive them.

Question 33

If a pregnant female has bipolar disorder,valproic acid (Depakote)is one of the safest medications she can take duing her pregnancy.

Question 34

Pharmacological interventions are the recommended treatment approach for preschoolers exhibiting symptoms of ADHD.

Question 35

The treatment of choice for depression in adolescents is:

A) SSRIs alone.
B) SSRIs along with cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) atypical antipsychotics alone.
D) atypical antipsychotics along with cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 36

The mainstay of treatment of adolescent and childhood bipolar disorder,are the:

A) classical antipsychotics.
B) SSRIs.
C) atypical antipsychotics.
D) sedative-barbiturates.

Question 37

Anxiety disorders in children are:

A) undiagnosed and untreated.
B) underdiagnosed and undertreated.
C) overdiagnosed but untreated.
D) overdiagnosed and overtreated.

Question 38

The use of venlafaxine (Effexor)for treating depression in children and adolescents was reported to be:

A) much more effective than SSRIs.
B) somewhat more effective than SSRIs.
C) no different than SSRIs.
D) markedly less effective than SSRIs.

Question 39

Benzodiazepines are highly recommended for treating anxiety disorders in very young children.

Question 40

Currently,there is evidence to support the use of risperidone (Risperdal)for treating preschoolers with OCD or disruptive behavioral disorders.

Question 41

While research on the use of omega-3-fatty acid therapy is controversial for autistic individuals,it does not seem to be harmful and it may actually help treat the condition.

Question 42

Daytrana is a transdermal methylphenidate delivery system that involves wearing a "skin patch" on a daily basis.

Question 43

Methylphenidate is best taken in the evening.

Question 44

Stimulants improve behavioral symptoms of ADHD.

Question 45

SSRIs are currently the mainstay for treating aggressive,explosive,and rage disorders in children.

Question 46

Dexmethylphenidate (d-methylphenidate or Focalin),the active D-isomer of methylphenidate (Ritalin),is also used to treat ADHD although it is half as potent as methylphenidate thus requiring twice the dose.

Question 47

Concerta is a rapid-release formulation of Ritalin.

Question 48

In treating autism,the atypical antipsychotics are effective and without serious side effects.

Question 49

Atypical antipsychotics are the preferred treatment approach children with tendencies for aggressive and explosive behavior.

Question 50

Atypical antipsychotics are clinically the most effective drugs for treating aggression in youths with autism.

Question 51

Atypical antipsychotics have negligible side effects in children.

Question 52

Like the amphetamines,Straterra blocks the reuptake of NE and DA.

Question 53

Pharmacological approaches are the first choice in the treatment of behavioral or aggressive disorders.

Question 54

SSRIs are the most effective drugs for treating anxiety associated with autism.

Question 55

Adderall must be given twice-daily since it is half as potent as methylphenidate; it performs poorly in comparison to generic methylphenidate and it is not as effective in treating ADHD.

Question 56

Ritalin is the drug treatment of choice for childhood depression.

Question 57

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)accounts for less than half of the prescriptions for ADHD.

Question 58

The original extended-release preparations of methylphenidate were very effective.

Question 59

Stimulant use to treat ADHD has also been shown to normalize patient's ability to learn,remember,and apply information.

Question 60

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)need only be taken one time per day.

Question 61

Atomoxetine (Strattera)is an SNRI-type antidepressants that is recommended for the treatment of child and adolescent depression.

Question 62

The primary pharmacological approach for the treatment of aggression in children and adolescents is:

A) psychostimulants.
B) atypical antipsychotics.
C) alpha-2 agonists.
D) mood stabilizers.

Question 63

The most common psychological disorder seen in females of child-bearing years is:

A) schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) histrionic personality disorder.
D) depression.

Question 64

The best choice for treating depression in very young children is:

A) psychotherapy.
B) omega-3 fatty acids.
C) SSRIs.
D) lithium.

Question 65

Evidence suggests that ______may be the treatment of choice for handling disruptive behaviors in very young children.

A) lithium
B) risperidone
C) topiramate (Topamax)
D) Ritalin

Question 66

In the 1930s,_______ was(were)used to treat ADHD.

A) methylphenidate (Ritalin)
B) amphetamines
C) Adderall
D) cocaine

Question 67

SSRI antidepressant therapy is the recommended approach for the treatment of bipolar disorder in adolescents..

Question 68

Should pharmacological treatment of anxiety be necessary for preschool children,_______ is the preferred drug of choice.

A) lithium
B) an SSRI
C) a benodiazepine
D) fluoxetine

Question 69

Within the context of pregnancy,structural damage associated with the mother taking psychotropic medication is referred to as:

A) behavioral abnormalities.
B) teratogenic effects.
C) neonatal toxicity.
D) perinatal syndromes.

Question 70

Currently,traditional neuroleptics (e.g.,Haldol)are considered the best drug for treating childhood schizophrenia.

Question 71

The approach to treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD),Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD),and Social Phobia (SoP)typically involves the prescription of benzodiazepines alone.

Question 72

The combination of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy appears to enhance the safety of pharmacological treatment.

Question 73

A common complimentary medicine used in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder is:

A) benzodiazepines.
B) lithium.
C) atypical antipsychotics.
D) omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 74

Paroxetine (Paxil)is considered the treatment of choice for treatment of childhood depression.

Question 75

Of the modd stabilizers,_____ is considered to be the most teratogenic medication resulting in the highest rate of major congenital malformations.

A) lamotrigine (Lamictal)
B) carbamazepine (Tegretol)
C) valproic acid (Depakote)
D) lithium

Question 76

If a female takes a psychotropic medication while breast-feeding,there is increased risk of:

A) teratogenic effects.
B) prenatal syndromes.
C) neonatal toxicity.
D) behavioral abnormalities.

Question 77

Aggression,irritability,and temper tantrums may be treated with ______ for children on the autism spectrum.

A) benzodiazepines
B) lithium
C) atypical antipsychotics
D) omega-3 fatty acids

Question 78

The FDA recently approved escitalopram (Lexapro)for treating depression in adolescents.

Question 79

Current research on omega-3 fatty acid treatment for treating psychotic disorders appears very promising.

Question 80

SSRIs have clearly been associated with increased frequency of suicides in adolescents.