Question 1

The nurse assesses several clients for their potential risk for developing cancer. Which client does the nurse assess to be at highest risk for developing cancer?&#10;A) the client who is a social drinker and eats red meat three times per week&#10;B) the client who frequently forgets self -breast exam, but has routine mammograms&#10;C) the client who is 5 kilograms over weight, but exercises regularly&#10;D) the client who usually applies sunscreen when arriving at the beach

Accepted Answer

The client who is a social drinker and eats red meat three times per week has multiple risk factors for developing cancer. Alcohol consumption and red meat consumption are both associated with an increased risk for various types of cancer.

Question 2

The nurse teaches a support group about the causes of cancer for families of individuals with cancer. The nurse evaluates learning has occurred when the clients make which statement(s)? Select all that apply.

A) "Cancer can result from damaged, tumour -suppressor genes."
B) "Cancer often results from an injury such as a bruise."
C) "Cancer can result from suppressed anger and rage."
D) "Some cancers have a strong genetic component."
E) "Cancers have a very strong environmental component."

"Cancer can result from damaged, tumour -suppressor genes."
"Some cancers have a strong genetic component."
"Cancers have a very strong environmental component."

Accepted Answer

Cancer can result from damaged tumor-suppressor genes, and some cancers have a strong genetic component. Additionally, cancers have a very strong environmental component, including factors such as exposure to carcinogens and lifestyle factors like smoking or poor diet. The statement that cancer often results from an injury such as a bruise is not an accurate explanation of the causes of cancer. The notion that cancer can result from suppressed anger and rage is a common misconception without scientific evidence to support it, so it would not be a correct choice.

Question 3

The client receives cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) as treatment for cancer, and is experiencing oral irritation as an adverse effect. What does the best plan of the nurse include as it relates to providing oral comfort?

A) Teach the client to avoid extreme temperatures of food selections.
B) Administer megestrol (Megace) to the client.
C) Teach good oral hygiene, including the use of an antiseptic mouthwash.
D) Teach the client to use a soft toothbrush for brushing the teeth.

Accepted Answer

Teach the client to avoid extreme temperatures of food selections.

Question 4

The client receives chemotherapy and frequently complains of a headache. What will the best plan of the nurse include?&#10;A) Plan to administer acetaminophen (Tylenol).&#10;B) Plan to administer aspirin.&#10;C) Plan to administer ibuprofen (Advil).&#10;D) Plan to administer naproxen (Apo -Naproxen).

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is the best choice for a client receiving chemotherapy who complains of a headache. Aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen increase the risk of bleeding and can exacerbate chemotherapy-related thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count).

Question 5

The female client has experienced alopecia due to chemotherapy. She is distraught and feels that no one will want to look at her. What will the best plan of the nurse include?&#10;A) Plan to show the client photos of cancer survivors whose hair grew back better.&#10;B) Plan to discuss the client's feelings about the effects of her hair loss.&#10;C) Plan to support the client, and tell her that her hair will grow back in a few weeks.&#10;D) Plan to have a cancer survivor visit the client and discuss wearing a wig.

Accepted Answer

The best plan of the nurse will include discussing the client's feelings about the effects of her hair loss. This will help the nurse understand the client's emotional state and provide appropriate support and resources to help her cope with the hair loss. The nurse can also provide information about hair loss, such as how long it usually takes for hair to grow back and options for wigs and other head coverings. However, it is important to listen to the client's specific concerns and address them in a supportive and empathetic manner. Showing photos or having a cancer survivor visit may not necessarily address the client's individual needs and concerns.

Question 6

The client has cancer. He asks the nurse where cancer comes from. What is the best explanation by the nurse?&#10;A) &#34;Cancer is genetic; you inherited the predisposition for your cancer.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Cigarette smoking and second -hand smoke are the primary causes of cancer.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Cancer cells are your body's cells that have lost the ability to self -destruct.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Cancer is caused primarily by viruses in the environment.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells develop when a normal cell in the body goes through a genetic mutation or alteration that causes it to continue to grow and divide uncontrollably, instead of undergoing programmed cell death (also known as apoptosis). This leads to the formation of masses of abnormal cells, which can invade nearby tissues or even spread to other parts of the body (metastasis). While some genetic mutations may be inherited, many cases of cancer are believed to be caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental or lifestyle factors. It is important for individuals to engage in healthy behaviors and regular cancer screenings to reduce their risk of developing cancer.

Question 7

The nursing instructor teaches student nurses about chemotherapy for cancer. Which statement best explains why lung cancers are less sensitive to antineoplastic agents than other types of cancers?&#10;A) &#34;Lung cancer cells grow in a high -oxygen environment, so they are not very sensitive to antineoplastic agents.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Lung cancer cells have a low -growth fraction, which means there isn't much difference between the number of replicating and resting cells.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Lung cancer cells have a very erratic cell cycle, and this is why there isn't much difference between the number of replicating and resting cells.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Lung cancer cells have been growing for a long time before detection, so they are less sensitive to antineoplastic agents.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Lung cancers have a low-growth fraction which means that there isn't much difference between the number of replicating and resting cells, making them less sensitive to antineoplastic agents.

Question 8

The client receives cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). The nurse assesses for side effects of this drug. Which side effects are a primary concern for the nurse?&#10;A) fever, chills, and fatigue&#10;B) hyperglycemia and fatigue&#10;C) GI bleeding and irritation&#10;D) hypertension and seizures

Accepted Answer

Fever, chills, and fatigue are primary concerns with cyclophosphamide administration as they can indicate severe adverse reactions such as infection or bone marrow suppression. Hyperglycemia, GI bleeding and irritation, hypertension, and seizures are possible side effects but are not as immediately concerning as A.

Question 9

The client receives several chemotherapeutic agents as treatments for cancer. The client asks the nurse why he needs so many drugs. What is the best response by the nurse?&#10;A) &#34;Using multiple drugs decreases the incidence of side effects.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Using multiple drugs will help kill more of the cancer.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Using multiple drugs is more cost -effective in treating cancer.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Using multiple drugs means a shorter treatment time.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Using multiple drugs in chemotherapy is a strategy known as combination chemotherapy. It is employed because different drugs target cancer cells at various stages of their growth cycles and through different mechanisms. This approach increases the chance of killing more cancer cells, thereby improving treatment efficacy. The other options are incorrect because using multiple drugs can actually increase the potential for side effects, is not primarily about cost-effectiveness, and does not necessarily mean a shorter treatment time.

Question 10

The client receives cisplatin (Platinol) as therapy for cancer. Which assessment finding would prompt the nurse to contact the client's physician immediately?&#10;A) a complaint of painful leg cramps&#10;B) a temperature greater than 38.0&#176; C&#10;C) nausea and projectile vomiting&#10;D) an elevation in blood glucose

Accepted Answer

A temperature greater than 38.0°C may indicate an infection, which can be a serious complication in a client receiving cisplatin therapy due to the drug's suppression of the immune system. The other options may be common side effects of cisplatin therapy and should be addressed, but they would not necessarily require immediate physician notification like an infection would.

Question 11

The client has recently been diagnosed with cancer. The nurse develops a plan to teach the client about the most effective treatment(s) for cancer. What will the best plan(s) of the nurse include? Select all that apply.

A) Radiation therapy
B) Chemotherapy
C) Photodynamic therapy
D) Alternative medicine
E) Surgery

Accepted Answer

The answer of The client has recently been diagnosed with...

Question 12

The client receives chemotherapy and experiences alopecia. The nurse completes teaching about this side effect, and evaluates learning has occurred when the client makes which statement?&#10;A) &#34;Hair begins to re -grow about three months after treatments are stopped.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Hair will re -grow, but it may change in appearance or colour.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Hair loss can be prevented by applying ice to the head during treatments.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Hair loss is often permanent; purchasing a wig is a good idea.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The client receives chemotherapy and experiences alopecia....

Question 13

The client experiences nausea and vomiting soon after chemotherapy treatments. What is the best action by the nurse?&#10;A) Administer a sleeping medication during chemotherapy.&#10;B) Increase fluid intake to flush the kidneys prior to chemotherapy.&#10;C) Restrict food on the day the client receives chemotherapy.&#10;D) Administer an antiemetic 1 -2 hours before chemotherapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The client experiences nausea and vomiting soon...

Question 14

The client receives tamoxifen (Tamofen) for treatment of breast cancer. She asks the nurse why the medicine works. What is the best response by the nurse?&#10;A) &#34;Tamoxifen (Tamofen) works by binding to the DNA of breast cancer cells.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Tamoxifen (Tamofen) works by inhibiting the metabolism of breast cancer cells.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Tamoxifen (Tamofen) works by inhibiting the cellular mitosis of breast cancer.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Tamoxifen (Tamofen) works by blocking estrogen receptors on breast tissue.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The client receives tamoxifen (Tamofen) for treatment...

Question 15

The client receives cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) as treatment for cancer, and is experiencing oral irritation as an adverse effect. What does the best plan of the nurse include as it relates to providing oral comfort?

A) Teach the client to avoid extreme temperatures of food selections.
B) Administer megestrol (Megace) to the client.
C) Teach good oral hygiene, including the use of an antiseptic mouthwash.
D) Teach the client to use a soft toothbrush for brushing the teeth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The client receives cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). The nurse...

Deck 35: Drugs for Neoplasia