Deck 22: Politics, Power, War, and Peace

Question 1

How is a theocracy distinct from a democracy and an aristocracy?

A)It is a state within a single ethnic group within the nation.
B)It is a state whose legitimacy is based on ancestry.
C)It is a state that claims legitimacy based on representation of its citizens.
D)It is a state headed by a single ruler.
E)It is a state whose legitimacy is proclaimed by sacred doctrine.

Answer 1

It is a state whose legitimacy is proclaimed by sacred doctrine.

Question 2

Liberia is a pluralistic country with some 30 different ethnic groups.Which one is the largest?

A)Tiriki
B)Kapauku
C)Kpelle
D)Kayapo
E)Ilongot

Answer 2

Kpelle

Question 3

The primary means of exchange or distributing goods in a chiefdom is:

A)redistribution.
B)negative reciprocity.
C)generalized reciprocity.
D)balanced reciprocity.
E)tribute.

Answer 3

redistribution.

Question 4

An egalitarian,autonomous group composed of related people who occupy a single region is called a:

A)government.
B)state.
C)tribe.
D)chiefdom.
E)band.

Question 5

Laura Nader called upon her colleagues at Berkeley to:

A)protest wars within state societies.
B)demonstrate for civil rights.
C)develop new political theories for state societies.
D)examine the politics of Native Americans.
E)"study up" and do research on the world's power elite.

Question 6

Regarding the Kpelle of West Africa,which of the following statements is incorrect?

A)The Kpelle chief has uniformed messengers that deliver his communications.
B)The Kpelle chief has many wives,which indicates his comparative wealth.
C)Kpelle chiefs have served as salaried state officials in more recent history.
D)The Kpelle chief engages in manual labor daily in order to set an example for his people.
E)The Kpelle chief receives a commission from the government on how much taxes and laborers he provides.

Question 7

The most formal of political organizations and one of the hallmarks of civilization,this type of political organization has a centralized government that may legitimately use force to regulate the affairs of its citizens,as well as its relations with other similar political systems.It is called a:

A)state.
B)band.
C)chiefdom.
D)tribe.
E)nation.

Question 8

The ability of individuals or groups to impose their will upon others and make them do things even against their own will is called:

A)power.
B)force.
C)coercion.
D)legitimacy.
E)authority.

Question 9

A horticultural or pastoral society is most likely to be politically organized as a:

A)state.
B)chiefdom.
C)band.
D)tribe.
E)commercial society.

Question 10

The tonowi of the Kapauku of New Guinea acquires political power by all of the following except:

A)being generous.
B)being coercive.
C)being a good talker.
D)being wealthy.
E)being a male.

Question 11

The imposition of obedience or submission by force or intimidation is called:

A)authority.
B)power.
C)coercion.
D)legitimacy.
E)violence.

Question 12

A ranked society in which every member has a position in the hierarchy and an individual's status is determined by membership in a descent group is called a:

A)band.
B)tribe.
C)chiefdom.
D)state.
E)kindred.

Question 13

Tribal societies use all of the following types of political integration mechanisms except:

A)age sets.
B)clans.
C)common-interest associations.
D)age grades.
E)diverse ethnic groups.

Question 14

All of the following are characteristics of a band society except:

A)they have no need for formal conflict resolution.
B)decisions are made through consensus.
C)the head leader is in charge of disciplining members only during high levels of conflict.
D)they have leaders,although the leaders have no formal authority.
E)they periodically break into smaller units.

Question 15

Playing a leading role in the development of the anthropology of law,__________________has taken on specialists in the fields of law,children's issues,nuclear energy,and science,critically questioning the basic assumptions under which these experts operate.

A)Ralph Nader
B)Margaret Mead
C)Martha Knack
D)Laura Nader
E)Ruth Benedict

Question 16

The source of the Kapauku tonowi's wealth is:

A)money.
B)cows.
C)pigs.
D)land.
E)shell necklace.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a form of political organization?

A)Band
B)Tribe
C)Chiefdom
D)Group
E)State

Question 18

Bands and tribes are both:

A)centralized forms of leadership.
B)associated with early industrialism.
C)dependent on age groups for political organization
D)uncentralized and egalitarian.
E)hierarchical in social organization.

Question 19

Politics is best defined as:

A)the process of electing officials and making decisions.
B)the process determining who gets what,when,and how.
C)the structure that determines the authority for any society.
D)how a society determines centralized leadership and control.
E)how decisions are made in every centralized type of social organization.

Question 20

Which term refers to the way power,or the ability to control others' behavior,is distributed or embedded in society?

A)Social structure
B)Political control
C)Political organization
D)Dictatorship
E)Power relations

Question 21

In cases of warfare in regions deemed strategically important or rich in natural resources,what additional action is also most likely to occur today?

A)Universal sanctions on economic incentives
B)Political aggression from neighboring countries
C)Economic monopolies on lucrative market products
D)Rise of ethnic minorities
E)Foreign military intervention

Question 22

Darwin argued that the large physical size of males was a physical specialization to aid in competition between males for females.He called this theory:

A)sexual selection.
B)natural selection.
C)hybrid selection.
D)reproductive selection.
E)intra-species competitive selection.

Question 23

A key point in William Ury's 2002 book,Must We Fight? was that,"Conflict is not going to end,but__________________can."

A)starvation
B)ethnic repression
C)violence
D)illiteracy
E)rebellions

Question 24

__________________ sanctions attempt to precisely and explicitly regulate people's behavior.They can be positive (such as military decorations)or negative (such as imprisonment).

A)Hierarchical
B)Egalitarian
C)Casual
D)Informal
E)Formal

Question 25

The most widely known act of genocide in recent history was the attempt of the Nazis during World War II to kill:

A)European Jews and Roma.
B)European Jews and Israelites.
C)Gypsies.
D)Polish people.
E)Jews and Gentiles.

Question 26

Among the Igbo of Nigeria:

A)men and women each had separate,autonomous spheres of political activity.
B)women were bought and sold as slaves.
C)women were imprisoned in their homes and allowed out only on marketing days.
D)men and women lived in separate villages.
E)men had no political role in the village,which was controlled and ruled by women.

Question 27

A contract or formal agreement between two or more independent groups that are self-governing is called a(n):

A)treaty.
B)pact.
C)truce.
D)settlement.
E)agreement.

Question 28

Once two Inuit individuals are involved in a dispute and become peaceful by engaging in a singing contest,the affair is considered:

A)open to negotiation by both individual's families.
B)open to negotiation by the individuals involved.
C)closed and resolved.
D)closed to legal repercussions.
E)delayed until further notice.

Question 29

We have ample reason to suppose war has become a problem only in the past__________________years,since the invention of food-production techniques and especially centralized states.

A)5,000
B)50,000
C)10,000
D)100,000
E)150

Question 30

Pirate gangs based out of Somalia are thought to be bankrolled and supplied with arms and supplies by:

A)stolen gold from Somalia.
B)stolen gems from Africa.
C)their families.
D)Tanzanian arms dealers.
E)Somali investors living overseas.

Question 31

Based on primatological studies,what does Richard Wrangham conclude about human violence and sexual selection?

A)Males are better at diplomacy than females.
B)Sexual selection has no effect on biological differences.
C)There are no differences between males and females.
D)Females' evolutionary interests cannot be met without cooperation from males.
E)Females are far more aggressive than males.

Question 32

Wape villagers avoid quarreling with each other because:

A)they are afraid that a ghost will misdirect a bullet and kill a quarreling person during hunting.
B)they believe that a hunter misses his prey only because of the intervention of ancestral ghosts who are angry with quarreling in the community.
C)they know they will be put in jail by the New Guinea government.
D)a hunter will refuse to loan his gun to a quarreling person.
E)the ancestors will go away from their villages if they quarrel.

Question 33

Sanctions are:

A)internalized social controls.
B)classified social controls.
C)externalized social controls.
D)external behavior.
E)religious behavior.

Question 34

In 1986,an Acholi named Alice Auma believed she was visited by a spirit she called Lakwena.This spirit messenger revealed to her that she should work to liberate her homeland and found a Christian theocracy.Today,this movement continues through the resistance of Joseph Kony.In which country did this occur?

A)Congo
B)Yugoslavia
C)Uganda
D)Paraguay
E)Trinidad

Question 35

Justifications for war are embedded in a society's:

A)religious beliefs.
B)class structure.
C)worldview.
D)political organization.
E)perspective of sanctions.

Question 36

The longest reigning queen in British history is:

A)Queen Victoria.
B)Queen Elizabeth I.
C)Queen Elizabeth II.
D)Queen Mary.
E)Queen Beatrice.

Question 37

Which of the following would invoke informal sanctions against an individual in a restaurant in the United States?

A)Tearing up tables and chairs
B)Fighting
C)Threatening customers
D)Stealing food
E)Going barefoot

Question 38

Gandhi built a movement to fight colonial repression and injustice based on the concept of satyagraha.What did he mean by this term?

A)Political junta to overthrow the government
B)Economic movement based on creating an international embargo
C)Religious movement of prayer and contemplation
D)Movement of nonviolent resistance
E)Movement of violent confrontation

Question 39

Aung San Suu Kyi is a current coordinator of nonviolent resistance.All of the following statements about her are correct except:

A)she was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize.
B)she was trained at Oxford University in England.
C)she founded the National League for Democracy and won a seat in Parliament to represent this Party.
D)she was placed under house arrest in1990 and confined for 15 years.
E)she is the leader of the opposition party in Thailand.

Question 40

When the British imposed colonial rule on the Igbo of Nigeria:

A)they put women in charge of all educational institutions.
B)they introduced changes that sustained the equality of political power between the sexes.
C)they introduced changes that made women more powerful than men.
D)they did not recognize the political power of women,and introduced changes that resulted in women becoming subordinate to men.
E)they introduced changes that caused men to change into women.

Question 41

Since their appearance some 5,000 years ago,states have proven to be stable political systems.

Question 42

Warfare is more prominent among foragers than horticulturalists.

Question 43

Relationships among members of a chiefdom are egalitarian.

Question 44

An example of tribal leadership is the concept of the "Big Man."

Question 45

"Political organization" refers to the way power has evolved,whether from war,political intrigue,or by ascription.

Question 46

Leadership in a tribe is formal.

Question 47

A nation is a centralized polity involving a large number of people spread over a geographically diverse landscape.

Question 48

Treaties between two sovereign parties are known as bilateral treaties.

Question 49

What anthropologists involved with dispute management are trying to do is to help create a culture of negotiation in a world where adversarial,win-lose attitudes are out of step with the increasingly interdependent relations between people.

Question 50

Religion is often intricately connected with politics.

Question 51

The people of Uganda have experienced a Christian Holy War.

Question 52

A chief can expect his authority to remain unchallenged during his lifetime,unlike the tonowi,who is in constant danger of being thrown down from his pedestal.

Question 53

Bands have formal leadership,although it changes when necessary.

Question 54

All social relations involve power.

Question 55

Among the traditional Igbo of Midwestern Nigeria,women were not allowed positions in the administrative hierarchy.

Question 56

Justifications for warfare are part of a society's worldview.

Question 57

War is a universal phenomenon.

Question 58

The Azande use a talking circle in order to detect who is accused of wrong-doing.

Question 59

Cultural control is control through external sanctions against individual misbehavior.

Question 60

Punitive justice has been extremely successful in changing criminal behavior in state societies.

Question 61

Describe what is meant by an "ideology of aggression."

Question 62

What is power,and how is it related to politics?

Question 63

What is the Native American "talking circle"?

Question 64

How can diplomacy be used to negotiate peace?

Question 65

What is the relationship between legitimacy and authority?

Question 66

Explain the political organization of the Ju/'hoansi.

Question 67

What role can anthropologists play in dispute resolutions? Discuss the example provided in your text.

Question 68

Why do anthropologists use the term "political organization" rather than "government"?

Question 69

Discuss the tribal leadership of the Melanesian Big Man.

Question 70

Describe an Inuit song duel.

Question 71

What mechanisms do tribes use to create political integration?

Question 72

Compare and contrast political organization in tribes and bands.

Question 73

Distinguish between externalized and internalized controls,giving examples of each.

Question 74

What are the distinctions between a nation and a state?

Question 75

Explain the differences and similarities between chiefdoms and states.

Question 76

Describe the role of the paramount chief in society.

Question 77

Give two reasons why aggressive wars may occur.

Question 78

Explain the significance of Queen Victoria's rule as monarch in comparison to other culturally typical gender-related political leadership roles.

Question 79

What is genocide? Give an example and discuss.

Question 80

Who are thought to be supplying Somali pirates with arms and supplies,and why?