Deck 6: Proteins and Amino Acids

Question 1

Which of the following statements about soy is correct?

A)It may be harmful for individuals at high risk of developing breast cancer.
B)Its popularity is decreasing in the United States.
C)It is increasingly rejected by vegetarians as part of their diet.
D)It is a low- quality protein source that is high in fat.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following factors does not lead to PEM?

A)obesity
B)poor food quality
C)poverty
D)not being breast- fed long enough

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The biggest risk for vegetarians is not consuming enough vitamin

A)B6.
B)A.
C)B12.
D)B3.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Proteins help increase _ , after a meal more than either carbohydrates or fat.

A)hunger
B)thirst
C)satiety
D)nausea

Question 5

Jill is 24 years old and weighs 125 pounds. What is Jill's approximate protein requirement per day?

A)48 grams
B)35 grams
C)45 gram
D)56 grams

Question 6

A vegan diet excludes which of the following?

A)whole grains
B)any foods of animal origin
C)soy
D)legumes

Question 7

An ovo- vegetarian will eat all of the following except

A)cheese.
B)bagels.
C)apples.
D)an omelet.

Question 8

A rare genetic disorder, phenylketonuria (PKU), is caused by the body's inability to properly degrade

A)ketones.
B)valine.
C)phenylalanine.
D)lysine.

Question 9

The most abundant protein in the body is

A)asparagine.
B)hemoglobin.
C)phenylalanine.
D)collagen.

Question 10

Which foods are most likely missing when a person is on a high- protein, low- carbohydrate diet?

A)fish
B)poultry
C)dairy
D)fruits

Question 11

Which of the following amino acids was once thought to be essential only for infants?

A)histidine
B)alanine
C)asparagine
D)phenylalanine

Question 12

Amino acids are joined together by which kind of bond?

A)glucogenic bond
B)peptide bond
C)glycosidic bond
D)hydrogen bond

Question 13

Vegetarian diets have been shown to lower the risk of the following diseases, except

A)colon cancer.
B)prostate cancer.
C)colds.
D)type 2 diabetes.

Question 14

A gram of protein contains calories.

A)4
B)5
C)3
D)10

Question 15

Which of the following foods has the lowest protein content?

A)1/2 cup pasta
B)1/2 cup broccoli
C)1 cup melon
D)1 oz. cheese

Question 16

The absorption of amino acids takes place in the

A)stomach.
B)mouth.
C)large intestine.
D)small intestine.

Question 17

When a diet is chronically low in both proteins and calories, the condition is called

A)PEM.
B)edema.
C)osteoporosis.
D)PDCAAS.

Question 18

Proteins can be denatured or rendered inactive by which of the following?

A)carbohydrates
B)acids
C)fats
D)cold

Question 19

A study of Chinese women revealed that those who ate the most during their adolescent years had a reduced risk of breast cancer in adulthood.

A)soy
B)fish
C)rice
D)broccoli

Question 20

Denaturation of a protein results in

A)tighter folding of the protein.
B)alterations in the protein's function.
C)binding of amino acids.
D)the removal of amino acids.

Question 21

Which among the following is a consequence of a severe deficiency of dietary protein?

A)type 2 diabetes
B)kwashiorkor
C)obesity
D)marasmus

Question 22

Children with kwashiorkor have a diet that is extremely low in and high in carbohydrates.

A)fats
B)protein
C)calcium
D)glucose

Question 23

All excess calories are stored as

A)collagen.
B)plaque.
C)fat.
D)protein.

Question 24

The protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)takes into account both the amino acid profile and of a protein.

A)completeness
B)quality
C)digestibility
D)limits

Question 25

A state of PEM where there is a severe deficiency of calories is known as

A)marasmic kwashiorkor.
B)edema.
C)kwashiorkor.
D)marasmus.

Question 26

The proteins that act as catalysts and speed up reactions are

A)buffers.
B)antibodies.
C)hormones.
D)enzymes.

Question 27

Which of the following is a protein that provides structural support to body tissues?

A)antibody
B)insulin
C)hemoglobin
D)collagen

Question 28

Which state, in terms of nitrogen balance, would a pregnant or nursing woman typically be in?

A)negative nitrogen balance
B)positive nitrogen balance
C)nitrogen equilibrium
D)double- positive nitrogen balance

Question 29

Adults older than _ years of age should consume 0.8 gram of protein for each kilogram of body weight.

A)21
B)18
C)19
D)20

Question 30

A diet that is too high in protein can increase the risk for all of the following except

A)heart disease.
B)kidney stones.
C)PKU.
D)osteoporosis.

Question 31

A starving person would be in _ nitrogen balance.

A)equal
B)negative
C)positive
D)excessive

Question 32

A person fighting a fever would be in nitrogen balance.

A)double- negative
B)equal
C)negative
D)positive

Question 33

An overweight individual's protein needs are

A)lower than those of a normal- weight person of similar height.
B)much greater than those of a normal- weight person of similar height.
C)twice that of a normal- weight person of similar height.
D)not much greater than those of a normal- weight person of similar height.

Question 34

The iron and zinc needs of vegetarians tend to be higher than those of nonvegetarians, due partly to the in grains, which inhibits the absorption of zinc and iron from foods.

A)polyphenols
B)beta- carotene
C)phytate
D)fiber

Question 35

Digestion of protein within the stomach begins with the enzyme

A)protease.
B)pepsinogen.
C)trypsinogen.
D)pepsin.

Question 36

The type of RNA that carries the amino acid to the ribosome is

A)dRNA.
B)mRNA.
C)rRNA.
D)tRNA.

Question 37

The nitrogen removed from an amino acid generates ammonia, which is converted to and excreted in the urine.

A)carbon
B)protein
C)sodium
D)urea

Question 38

It is recommended that you consume from 10 to percent of your calories from protein.

A)25
B)30
C)15
D)35

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of combining two incomplete proteins to achieve protein complementation?

A)steak and eggs
B)vegetables and rice
C)ham and cheese omelet
D)fruit salad

Question 40

Compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in all living cells are called

A)dipeptides.
B)peptones.
C)peptides.
D)proteins.

Question 41

A diet high in and low in calcium may lead to osteoporosis.

A)nitrogen
B)fats
C)carbohydrates
D)protein

Question 42

Proteins that act to maintain the body's proper pH are known as

A)buffers.
B)antibodies.
C)enzymes.
D)hormones.

Question 43

When amino acids are broken down, they lose their amine groups.

Question 44

The most common inherited blood disorder in the United States is

A)PKU.
B)iron- deficient anemia.
C)pernicious anemia.
D)sickle- cell anemia.

Question 45

The RNA that collects the amino acids to make protein is called mRNA.

Question 46

A gene is a segment of that codes for a specific protein.

A)ribosome
B)RNA
C)protein
D)DNA

Question 47

Enzymes are biological catalysts that slow down reactions.

Question 48

A classic symptom of severe kwashiorkor is of the legs, feet, and stomach.

A)edema
B)hirsutism
C)redness
D)necrosis

Question 49

The amino acid that is in the shortest supply in an incomplete protein is known as the

A)completed amino acid.
B)scarce amino acid.
C)limiting amino acid.
D)profile amino acid.

Question 50

RNA that copies the information in the DNA is called tRNA.

Question 51

According to the NIH, approximately one in 12 African Americans and one in 100 Asians are carriers of the mutated gene that causes sickle- cell anemia.

Question 52

Proteins within the body help to maintain fluid balance but not acid- base balance.

Question 53

A(n)amino acid can be synthesized in your body.

A)essential
B)nonesssential
C)conditional
D)complementary

Question 54

Isoflavones have a chemical structure similar to human

A)collagen.
B)phytoestrogen.
C)antibodies.
D)estrogen.

Question 55

RNA contains the genetic information for the cell.

Question 56

Nonessential amino acids can become conditionally essential if the body cannot make them, such as during bouts of illness.

Question 57

A DNA segment that codes for a specific protein is called a(n)

A)amino acid.
B)enzyme.
C)gene.
D)ribosome.

Question 58

A high- protein diet has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease.

Question 59

A DNA segment that codes for a specific protein is the gene.

Question 60

The average adult, age 19 and older, should consume how many grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight?

A)1.8
B)8.0
C)0.8
D)0.6

Question 61

The composition of amino acids in a protein is called the amino acid profile.

Question 62

Complemented proteins are the result of the combination of two incomplete proteins.

Question 63

Consuming too much of any one amino acid via supplements can impede absorption of other amino acids in the intestinal tract.

Question 64

Whole- wheat bread contains complete proteins.

Question 65

Children with kwashiorkor are prone to infections.

Question 66

The absorption of zinc is inhibited by animal protein.

Question 67

Hemoglobin acts as a transport protein that carries nitrogen to cells from the lungs.

Question 68

Vegetarians can only consume adequate protein by eating a variety of vegetables and fish.

Question 69

Proteins that attack pathogens in your body are called antibodies.

Question 70

A ribosome builds a chain of amino acids in the proper sequence.

Question 71

Isoflavones are weak plant estrogens.

Question 72

A protein is considered a complete protein if it contains all 11 nonessential amino acids and some of the 9 essential amino acids.

Question 73

A typical healthy adult is normally in a state of positive nitrogen balance.

Question 74

Plant proteins may be less digestible, especially when eaten raw.

Question 75

People with marasmus are starving.

Question 76

Vitamin A is found only in animal foods, but vegetarians can meet their needs by consuming its precursor, beta- carotene.

Question 77

Numerous research studies have shown that bones lose calcium when a person's diet is too high in protein.

Question 78

The PDCAAS is a measure of protein quantity.

Question 79

During periods of starvation, the carbon skeletons of the amino acids are used for energy and for gluconeogenesis.

Question 80

Once DNA leaves the nucleus, its mRNA copies are made and brought to the ribosome.