Deck 4: Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fiber

Question 1

The sweetener _ should not be given to infants younger than one year of age because of the risk of botulism.

A)honey
B)molasses
C)high- fructose corn syrup
D)brown sugar

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following hormones will not increase your blood glucose level?

A)insulin
B)epinephrine
C)glucagon
D)adrenaline

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning sugar is correct?

A)Sugar causes hyperactivity in children.
B)Sugar is fattening.
C)Sugar can contribute to dental caries.
D)Sugar causes diabetes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When would glycogenesis occur?

A)when there is excess glucose in the blood
B)when a person is fasting and glucose is created from noncarbohydrate sources
C)when your blood glucose level dips too low
D)during an emergency, when glycogen can be broken down to release glucose

Question 5

Which of these carbohydrates is also known as milk sugar?

A)glucose
B)maltose
C)sucrose
D)lactose

Question 6

The enzyme begins the digestion of starch in the mouth.

A)sucrase
B)amylase
C)maltase
D)lactase

Question 7

Which of the following is not correct about ketosis?

A)It causes your blood to become slightly acidic.
B)It can occur in people following a low- carbohydrate diet.
C)Ketone bodies are the by- products of incomplete fat breakdown.
D)It occurs when glycogen is broken down into glucose for energy.

Question 8

If poorly managed, diabetes can increase the likelihood of all of the following except

A)breast cancer.
B)amputations of limbs.
C)kidney disease.
D)eye diseases.

Question 9

The index refers to the measured upward rise, peak, and eventual fall of blood glucose following the consumption of a carbohydrate- intense food.

A)glucose
B)glycemic
C)diabetic
D)anemic

Question 10

All sugar substitutes must be approved by the before they are allowed in food products sold in the United States.

A)FDA
B)ADA
C)MBA
D)AMA

Question 11

Which of the following sugar substitutes was removed by the National Toxicology Program from the list of substances that could potentially cause cancer?

A)mannitol
B)sucralose
C)saccharin
D)aspartame

Question 12

Which of these carbohydrates is the storage form of glucose in animals?

A)glucose
B)glycogen
C)fiber
D)starch

Question 13

Which statement is not correct regarding the amount of carbohydrate you should consume daily?

A)The AMDR for carbohydrates is 20 to 35 percent of your total daily calories.
B)Eating the recommended daily servings for each food group in MyPyramid will ensure that you meet your minimum amount.
C)In the United States, adult males and females consume more than the minimum DRI for carbohydrates.
D)The minimum amount of carbohydrate needed for the brain to function efficiently is 130 grams per day.

Question 14

What is the estimated minimum amount of carbohydrates that should be consumed daily, according to the latest DRIs?

A)250 grams
B)50 grams
C)130 grams
D)25 grams

Question 15

The number one food or beverage source of added sugars in the United States is

A)soda.
B)candy.
C)bread.
D)breakfast cereal.

Question 16

People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digest

A)table sugar.
B)milk sugar.
C)fiber.
D)starch.

Question 17

Which of the following is not correct about lactose intolerance?

A)All dairy foods must be eliminated from the diet.
B)Lactase pills can help prevent symptoms.
C)Cheese is better tolerated than milk.
D)Symptoms include diarrhea.

Question 18

The artificial sweetener Splenda contains , which is a modified sucrose molecule.

A)saccharin
B)sucralose
C)sorbitol
D)aspartame

Question 19

Viscous fiber helps to lower blood cholesterol levels by interfering with the reabsorption of in the intestines.

A)bile
B)uric acid
C)protein
D)sugar

Question 20

What is the function of glycogen?

A)to store glucose in humans and animals
B)to lower blood glucose levels when they rise after a meal
C)to create membrane structures in plants
D)to provide energy storage in plants

Question 21

People who follow a low- carbohydrate diet are often in ketosis because

A)their diet lacks fiber.
B)they eat too much protein.
C)they are unable to break down fat completely.
D)they eat inadequate amounts of fat.

Question 22

The disaccharide lactose is composed of glucose and

A)galactose.
B)fructose.
C)sucrose.
D)maltose.

Question 23

The process of photosynthesis produces which of the following?

A)glycogen
B)triglycerides
C)fructose
D)glucose

Question 24

Approximately how long does it take for your liver glycogen stores to be depleted?

A)8 hours
B)18 hours
C)12 hours
D)4 hours

Question 25

The by- products of incomplete fat breakdown are known as bodies.

A)keratin
B)ketone
C)collagen
D)glucose

Question 26

Janelle never has time to eat between work and her evening nutrition class. It has been 7 hours since lunch and she is feeling hungry and weak. From where is she getting glucose to meet her energy needs?

A)from muscle protein
B)from the brain
C)from stored fat
D)from liver glycogen

Question 27

Which food is most likely to promote dental caries?

A)carrots
B)chewing gum with xylitol
C)raisins
D)cheese

Question 28

Which statement is not true about enriched wheat bread?

A)It is made from the endosperm of the wheat kernel.
B)It is missing the fiber that is found in whole wheat bread.
C)It is missing phytochemicals that are found in whole wheat bread.
D)It is missing the thiamin, niacin, and folate that are found in whole wheat bread.

Question 29

All of the following are correct about aspartame except that

A)the FDA has concluded it is safe to consume.
B)it is composed of two amino acids.
C)its trade name is Sweet 'N Low.
D)it should not be consumed by people with PKU.

Question 30

The current DRIs recommend that you should consume grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories you eat.

A)35
B)5
C)14
D)28

Question 31

Which of these carbohydrates is made from two glucose units joined together?

A)lactose
B)maltose
C)sucrose
D)galactose

Question 32

Where do monosaccharides go after absorption?

A)small intestine
B)liver
C)gallbladder
D)pancreas

Question 33

Your cells and red blood cells rely on glucose for energy.

A)cone
B)basal
C)brain
D)skin

Question 34

The converts galactose and fructose to glucose.

A)pancreas
B)gall bladder
C)stomach
D)liver

Question 35

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A)mouth.
B)small intestine.
C)stomach.
D)large intestine.

Question 36

Both fat and _ are important sources of stored energy.

A)hydrogen
B)fiber
C)glycogen
D)protein

Question 37

Too much sugar in the diet can increase the blood level of , the primary form of fat in your body.

A)carbohydrates
B)triglycerides
C)protein
D)glucose

Question 38

Nerve damage from diabetes can cause all of the following except

A)cloudy vision and eventual blindness.
B)a decreased ability to feel changes in temperature or pain in the legs and feet.
C)changes in sexual function.
D)numbness in the toes, feet, legs, and hands.

Question 39

Which part of the grain kernel contains vitamin E and healthy unsaturated fats?

A)husk
B)endosperm
C)germ
D)bran

Question 40

Symptoms of include anxiety, turning pale, shakiness, and hunger.

A)hyperglycemia
B)prediabetes
C)hypoglycemia
D)ketosis

Question 41

Epinephrine can stimulate to quickly flood your blood with glucose.

A)ketosis
B)gluconeogenesis
C)glycogenolysis
D)ketoacidosis

Question 42

The sugar substitute aspartame is composed of two acids.

A)lactic
B)deoxyribonucleic
C)amino
D)fatty

Question 43

It is safe to give honey is to children of any age.

Question 44

Which is the starchy part of the grain kernel?

A)endosperm
B)germ
C)husk
D)bran

Question 45

After the release of insulin, which of the following will not occur?

A)Excess glucose will be stored in your liver as glycogen.
B)Excess glucose will be store in your fat cells as fat.
C)Excess glucose will be stored in your muscles as glycogen.
D)Excess glucose will be stored in your liver as starch.

Question 46

Insulin and glucagon are hormones released by the

A)brain.
B)liver.
C)pancreas.
D)stomach.

Question 47

The glycogen in meat and poultry is a significant source of calories in our diet.

Question 48

Which of the following is true regarding diabetes in children?

A)The last few decades have shown a steady decrease of diabetes among those under the age of 20.
B)Obesity is not a risk factor for diabetes in children.
C)Children with diabetes have fewer medical complications from the disease because they are able to adapt to the changes in glucose metabolism.
D)Type 1 is not the only type of diabetes seen in children.

Question 49

All of the following are different names for sugars except

A)dextrose.
B)malt syrup.
C)lignin.
D)high- fructose corn syrup.

Question 50

Which is not a health benefit attributed to eating insoluble fiber?

A)lowers risk of diverticulosis
B)lowers risk of constipation
C)lowers risk of kidney disease
D)lowers risk of obesity

Question 51

The creation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as protein, is called

A)glucogenesis.
B)glycogenolysis.
C)glycogneogenesis.
D)gluconeogenesis.

Question 52

The DRIs recommend 18 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories consumed.

Question 53

Which of these carbohydrates is also known as table sugar?

A)lactose
B)fructose
C)sucrose
D)maltose

Question 54

Which is not correct about type 1 diabetes?

A)Daily insulin injections are required.
B)It usually begins in childhood.
C)The immune system destroys the insulin- producing cells in the pancreas.
D)Insulin is produced, but cells are not using it properly.

Question 55

All the nutrients and phytochemicals lost in the processing of wheat flour are added back in the enrichment process.

Question 56

Plants make glucose in a process called

A)mitosis.
B)photosynthesis.
C)acceleration.
D)respiration.

Question 57

Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 to 95 percent of cases of the disease.

Question 58

Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?

A)starch
B)fiber
C)galactose
D)glycogen

Question 59

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial showed that an intense regimen that controlled blood glucose had no effect on the development of complications from type 1 diabetes.

Question 60

Which of these carbohydrate is straight chains of glucose found in plants only?

A)fiber
B)starch
C)glycogen
D)maltose

Question 61

Simple carbohydrates include the monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Question 62

Insulin can direct the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen or fat.

Question 63

Being overweight puts a person at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes, the most common type of diabetes.

Question 64

Being overweight increases the risk of type 1 diabetes.

Question 65

Research has shown that adults who eat more fruit have healthier body weights.

Question 66

Individuals who follow a low- carbohydrate diet are often in a state of ketosis.

Question 67

Low- fat milk with 12 grams of lactose listed on its Nutrition Facts panel has had sugar added to it.

Question 68

Type 1 diabetes requires daily insulin injections or an insulin pump.

Question 69

Insulin is not made in type 2 diabetes.

Question 70

Children can have type 1 diabetes but cannot have type 2 diabetes.

Question 71

Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance.

Question 72

Refined grains are more nutrient dense than whole grains.

Question 73

When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released by the kidneys to lower the level.

Question 74

Diabetics can help avoid hypoglycemia by eating smaller, well- balanced meals throughout the day.

Question 75

Discuss the process of carbohydrate digestion beginning in the mouth.

Question 76

Pectin is an insoluble fiber that moves quickly through the intestinal tract and has a laxative effect.

Question 77

Eating cheese has been shown to protect teeth from acid.

Question 78

When fasting continues beyond glycogen depletion, body protein will be broken down to make glucose.

Question 79

The main role of carbohydrates is to supply building material for muscles.

Question 80

About 80 million people age 20 years and older have prediabetes.