Deck 19: Fossil Fuels

Question 1

What happens at an oil refinery?

A)Oil is separated into its component compounds. surveying.
B)Oil is heated to high temperatures to evaporate off harmful impurities such as radon.
C)Oil is made more viscous by evaporating off most of the water.
D)Oil is microfiltered to remove small dirt and rock particles.
E)Oil is turned into a cleaner -burning material called synfuel.

Answer 1

Oil is separated into its component compounds. surveying.

Question 2

Alaskans benefit from the trans -Alaska pipeline because Alaska's state constitution requires approximately 25% of state revenues associated with the oil industry to be placed into a monetary fund called the Permanent Fund,which ____________.

A)pays for education of native Alaskans through scholarships
B)pays yearly dividends to all Alaska residents
C)is divided equally among the politicians in the state for running their offices
D)is used as a main source of funds to reduce environmental damage
E)is used for social infrastructure,such as hospitals,roads,and schools

Answer 2

pays yearly dividends to all Alaska residents

Question 3

One of the problems with finding new fossil fuel deposits in developing countries is that ____________.

A)multinational companies often move in to harvest the new deposit,and very little money or resource remains in the country
B)their governments seldom allow extraction of the deposit without meeting expensive environmental regulations
C)it is very expensive to transport the deposit elsewhere
D)their governments seldom allow extraction of the deposit without imposing huge taxes to fund new social benefits for the country
E)those countries tend to keep the resource for themselves,not sharing with other countries

Answer 3

multinational companies often move in to harvest the new deposit,and very little money or resource remains in the country

Question 4

Solar radiation makes several other energy sources possible,including ______________.

A)tidal energy
B)wind energy
C)nuclear energy
D)hydrothermal energy
E)geothermal energy

Question 5

Natural gas ____________

A)was discovered by M.King Hubbert in 1885
B)consists primarily of octane
C)is transported primarily by truck and rail
D)will be depleted by 2030 at current usage rates
E)can be extracted via hydrofracking

Question 6

The oil spill resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster ____________.

A)is the largest accidental oil spill in world history
B)eclipsed all non -point oil spills by 500%
C)resulted in a permanent ban on all offshore drilling in U.S.coastal waters
D)was quickly cleaned up,preventing loss of wildlife and damage to fisheries along the Gulf Coast
E)is considered a minor incident compared to other oil spills

Question 7

Energy can be conserved by ____________

A)using heat from a power plant to heat nearby homes
B)repealing the law of entropy
C)replacing mass transit with more and larger roads for cars and trucks
D)replacing compact florescent with tungsten bulbs
E)using cogeneration in automobiles,especially in SUVs

Question 8

Crude oil is ____________

A)composed of three different hydrocarbon molecules
B)formed in a wide range of temperature and pressure circumstances
C)usable in its raw form
D)refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline,lubricants,plastics,and other products
E)formed less than 100 yards below the surface; in deeper places with more pressure,coal is formed

Question 9

Which country leads the world in coal production and consumption by extracting and consuming approximately half of the world's annual coal yield?

A)United States
B)Canada
C)Russia
D)India
E)China

Question 10

Which of the following would be put at risk by the Keystone XL pipeline?

A)the Ogallala Aquifer
B)the American bison
C)Yellowstone National Park
D)the Nebraska Sandhills
E)Lake Michigan

Question 11

Instead of only generating more electricity,rising energy demands may also be met by ____________

A)switching from coal and natural gas to windmills and solar technologies
B)increasing the efficiency of energy consumption
C)building more coal -burning power plants
D)switching from natural gas to coal
E)using more nuclear power instead of fossil fuels

Question 12

The Keystone XL pipeline ____________.

A)was a hotly debated pipeline that would have carried petroleum from Canada to the southern United States
B)carries natural gas from gas fields near Keystone,South Dakota,to the eastern United States
C)would have allowed Canada to import more oil from Brazil
D)carries petroleum from northern Alaska to the Gulf of Alaska
E)was a hotly debated oil pipeline that would have passed through Montana,Idaho,Utah,Nevada,and Arizona

Question 13

Which of the following energy sources is considered nonrenewable?

A)fossil fuel energy
B)wind energy
C)solar energy
D)geothermal energy
E)tidal energy

Question 14

Which of the following is the most cleanly burning fossil fuel available,producing the least carbon dioxide per unit of energy released?

A)natural gas
B)kerosene
C)petroleum
D)nuclear energy
E)coal

Question 15

Energy conservation in the United States ____________

A)is unlikely to ever occur
B)becomes more difficult during times of war
C)can be accomplished by changes in tax laws
D)can be achieved through personal actions and more efficient technologies
E)can be accomplished only through changes in technological efficiencies

Question 16

In 2007,Congress mandated strict Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)standards that called for automakers to raise average fleet fuel efficiency to ____________ mpg by the year ____________

A)35; 2020
B)25; 2025
C)48; 2025
D)54.5; 2030
E)35; 2035

Question 17

Scientists search for fossil fuels in many ways. Sending a sound wave into the ground (by exploding dynamite, thumping the ground with a large weight, or using an electric vibrating machine) and measuring its return to the surface at receiving stations is called ____________ surveying

A)sonar
B)dynamite
C)destructive
D)seismic
E)geologic

Question 18

The various classes of coal have been exposed to high heat and pressure for different periods of time.Which of the following lists in order the classes of coal from lowest to highest energy content?

A)anthracite,bituminous,sub -bituminous,lignite
B)lignite,sub -bituminous,bituminous,anthracite
C)lignite,bituminous,sub -bituminous,anthracite
D)sub -bituminous,bituminous,lignite,anthracite
E)lignite,anthracite,sub -bituminous,bituminous

Question 19

What was the primary cause of the decline in oil prices in 2016 to only 1/4 of the prices in 2008?

A)the soil supply glut caused by fracking
B)a prolonged peace in the Middle East
C)energy conservation and the use of renewable technologies
D)a typographical error in a Black Friday sale ad
E)the war against ISIS

Question 20

What is the current status of offshore oil drilling in the Arctic Ocean?

A)Although open waters are now making offshore drilling more feasible,weather conditions have thus far hampered efforts to pursue offshore drilling there.
B)There has been a moratorium on new offshore drilling projects in the Arctic Ocean as a result of the BP accident in the Gulf of Mexico.
C)An international treaty similar to the one protecting Antarctica has been ratified by 184 nations.This treaty bans oil development and other ecologically detrimental activities in the open waters of the Arctic Ocean.
D)Melting sea ice has allowed many companies to successfully drill for oil in waters that were previously off -limits because of icebergs and a solid layer of sea ice.
E)Canada,Russia,Denmark,Norway,and the U.S.have exclusive rights to all offshore drilling in the Arctic Ocean,although these countries may sell drilling rights to other countries as they see fit.

Question 21

Identify specific ways in which the transportation and electricity -generating sectors could reduce and/or conserve energy in an effort to become more sustainable.

Question 22

Natural gas is primarily composed of ____________

A)oxygen
B)nitrogen
C)methane
D)nitrite
E)sulfur dioxide

Question 23

Compare and contrast the three patterns of energy use in developing and developed countries-the amount of energy used,the type of energy used,and the major uses.

Question 24

What are some of the alternative,unconventional resources for oil and natural gas?

Question 25

The U.S.imports more oil from ____________ than from any other nation.

A)Saudi Arabia
B)Venezuela
C)OPEC nations
D)Iraq
E)Canada

Question 26

In the United States,the energy source used predominantly for the production of electricity is ____________

A)renewable energy
B)nuclear power
C)water power
D)coal
E)natural gas

Question 27

What is the current status of carbon capture and storage (CCS)in the U.S.?

A)The rejection of Yucca Mountain as a carbon storage site has resulted in coal power plants storing carbon on -site until a permanent storage location can be approved.
B)The U.S.government is currently requiring all coal power plants to institute carbon capture and storage technologies by the year 2025.
C)Many coal power plants are currently voluntarily retrofitting their systems to capture carbon emissions.
D)Technologies are not sufficiently reliable,and it is currently too energetically expensive for coal power plants to capture and store their carbon emissions.
E)Carbon is now captured and converted to plastics at most coal power plants in the U.S.

Question 28

Identify and explain the ultimate sources of all of Earth's energy.

Question 29

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of eminent domain?

A)Settlers in the Oklahoma Territory were allowed to claim land during the land rush.
B)Residents of the Chicago area who were in the proposed path of Interstate 355 were forced to sell their homes and move when the interstate was built.
C)The conversion of landscapes is an inescapable effect of our reliance on fossil fuels.
D)The transportation sector has shifted away from using coal as an energy source and now relies almost entirely on oil.
E)The United States government pays subsidies to the fossil fuel industry despite the negative environmental impacts of fossil fuel use.

Question 30

Discuss two specific oil -use strategies that could be employed to move toward a more sustainable lifestyle.

Question 31

Why is it that in most parts of the world,local people do not benefit from the removal of fossil fuels from their local environment? Discuss the economics,politics,and environmental reasons that locals may not benefit.

Question 32

In the U.S., per capita energy use __________, and energy intensity ____________.

A)increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; decreased from 1950 to the 1970s but has since increased
B)increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; has been declining since 1970
C)was stable from 1950 to 1970 but has since increased sharply; has been increasing since 1950
D)has been increasing since 1950; has also been increasing since 1950
E)has been increasing since 1950; has been declining since 1950