Deck 13: The Urban Environment

Question 1

In developing nations such as India and Nigeria, ________________ .

A)most of the population is moving to the suburbs from the city centers
B)very little change has occurred in the past 40 years regarding where people live
C)more people are moving to the suburbs than to the city centers
D)rural people are moving to the cities in large numbers
E)small numbers of people have moved into the cities

Answer 1

rural people are moving to the cities in large numbers

Question 2

Greenways ________________.

A)prohibit hiking and biking or recreational opportunities
B)are urban golf courses
C)are links that provides pathways for wildlife to travel between parks and preserves
D)contain parks that are large enough to harbor populations of exotic flora and fauna
E)are waterways within city parks

Answer 2

are links that provides pathways for wildlife to travel between parks and preserves

Question 3

Any consideration of the true costs of sprawl must include ________________ .

A)the increased use of fossil fuels
B)the problems of decreased water use and decreased energy consumption
C)more time for families to be together
D)the increased use of pesticides
E)the restoration of natural areas in inner cities

Answer 3

the increased use of fossil fuels

Question 4

Suburban living encourages ________________

A)increased agricultural activities
B)increased use of automobiles
C)investment in and improvement of downtown centers
D)walking,riding bicycles,and other kinds of physical activity
E)driving electric cars

Question 5

Air travel,the Internet,cheap fossil fuels,and television all have allowed people to ________________.

A)return to an agricultural society
B)live more densely packed into urban areas
C)remain connected while living in less centralized locations
D)consume less energy and materials
E)live within the UDB's demanded by smart city design

Question 6

American cities in the northern United States,such as Chicago,Philadelphia,and Detroit,________________ .

A)have increased their rate of growth dramatically in the past 20 years
B)have always grown rapidly and continue to do so
C)have maintained a steady state population since the 1970s
D)have steadily lost population over the past 100 years
E)grew very rapidly in the 19th and early 20th centuries

Question 7

New urbanism seeks to ________________.

A)use tiered taxation to maintain inner cities as vibrant,livable communities
B)use zoning to keep small neighborhoods intact
C)provide low -cost,long -distance,mass transit systems
D)keep business in a central location,near transportation centers
E)develop walkable neighborhoods,with homes and businesses close together

Question 8

In 2010,the Portland area's Metropolitan Service District (Metro)made a historic agreement between landowners and citizens that ________________.

A)preserved all undeveloped land as natural ecosystems
B)included a regional plan to identify exactly where urban growth would be allowed over the next 50 years
C)prohibited agriculture on any undeveloped land in the region
D)removed UGBs because they were deemed unconstitutional
E)put up undeveloped land at auction to be sold to the highest bidders,public or private

Question 9

A city undergoing gentrification is experiencing ________________.

A)the loss of working -class people from traditional neighborhoods as housing prices become too expensive
B)urban decay
C)white flight
D)an aging population and a declining tax base
E)an increase in violent crimes and an increase in vacancy and abandonment of homes

Question 10

Historically,large cities have tended to develop ________________.

A)their own agricultural areas within city limits
B)along trade routes
C)in locations where explorers first landed
D)within walking distance of hunting and gathering grounds
E)away from large bodies of water that might cause flooding during storms

Question 11

All of the following are landscaping features of green buildings EXCEPT ________________.

A)the use of plants that are native to the area where the building is being constructed
B)planting deciduous trees to allow light to pass in the winter and shade buildings in the summer
C)landscaping with AstroTurf in dry environments
D)rooftops planted with vegetation
E)rain gardens that absorb runoff

Question 12

Worldwide,the fastest growing cities today are mostly ________________.

A)in the northern United States,such as Chicago,Illinois,and Portland,Oregon
B)small cities in the southern United States,such as Austin,Texas,and Raleigh,North Carolina
C)in developing nations,such as Delhi,India
D)the megacities such as Tokyo,Mexico City,and New York City
E)large cities worldwide,such as Paris,London,and Los Angeles

Question 13

Which of the following is a method that governments use to improve urban transportation?

A)Provide motorcycle lanes in the center of rail lines.
B)Make some public buildings and some communities accessible only by public transportation.
C)Provide bicycle lanes on freeways.
D)Give tax rebates to people who use only public transportation.
E)Designate lanes as carpool -only.

Question 14

The world's urban populations are ________________ .

A)shrinking in developing nations
B)growing at a faster rate than the global population as a whole
C)growing most rapidly in the developed nations
D)growing at about the same rate as the rural populations
E)shrinking,compared to rural populations

Question 15

Mass -transit systems include all of the following EXCEPT ________________.

A)taxicabs
B)buses
C)light rail
D)subways
E)commuter rail

Question 16

The greatest general problem with suburbs is ________________.

A)the lack of resources
B)the lack of nearby shopping
C)that they spread environmental impact over a larger area
D)that they decrease water quality
E)the high population density

Question 17

What is the major factor driving the move to the suburbs from cities?

A)availability of more jobs in suburbs
B)desire for close -knit communities
C)desire to live in less crowded,more peaceful conditions
D)desire to have a garden
E)concern over demographic transitions

Question 18

Oregon's strong policy of enforcing UGBs (urban growth boundaries)to create livable cities has been exemplary for many years,but between 2004 and 2007,voters ________________.

A)have gone further by passing a bill capping population in all major cities
B)passed legislation forbidding the construction of any new single -family homes
C)approved rules relinquishing private property rights in areas outside the area of Portland's UGBs
D)chose to remove UGBs and allow unregulated development throughout the state
E)passed a bill giving property owners some exceptions from UGB rules

Question 19

Pat and Terry are considering moving from near the center of a large city into the suburbs.Which of the following discussion points is valid?

A)It will be easier to have a place for a vegetable garden if they move to the suburbs.
B)If they stay in the city,they will contribute more to local pollution.
C)If they move to the suburbs,it will cost much less for transportation.
D)If they stay in the city,they'll probably get less exercise.
E)They'll experience more stress if they move to the suburbs.

Question 20

Curitiba,Brazil,has shown us that ________________.

A)unregulated urban sprawl produces severe air pollution
B)a walkable city center and expanded bus system can solve a large city's traffic congestion
C)prohibition of motorized vehicles in urban reduces pollution and saves energy
D)traffic flows smoothly once pedestrians and bicycles are eliminated
E)once roads are widened,traffic congestion decreases

Question 21

Identify and explain at least three of the principles of smart growth.

Question 22

LEED -certified buildings could be described in all of the following ways,EXCEPT ________________.

A)they have a reduced ecological footprint
B)they are built with sustainable materials
C)they are energy efficient
D)their construction usually costs less than for conventional buildings
E)they limit pollution and recycle wastes

Question 23

People who live entirely within an urban environment ________________.

A)may become disconnected from nature and from the true costs of their needs and activities
B)are never provided enough quality housing,even for those who can afford it
C)have insufficient choices for activities and lifestyles
D)have too many luxury goods at too expensive a price
E)pay less for food and gasoline than rural areas

Question 24

Discuss four of the findings that urban ecologists have described from their intensive analysis of urbanization in Baltimore and Phoenix.

Question 25

What are some of the reasons for the development of parks and protected areas in and around U.S.cities?

Question 26

A resource sink is ________________.

A)an area that produces a single resource and can control the price of that commodity or service
B)an area that produces almost none of the things that it needs
C)a resource that is desirable,such that different cities must compete to obtain enough of it for their citizens
D)an area that produces many things and needs to export them to a variety of places
E)an area that is able to trade for all of the things that it needs

Question 27

Why do urbanized societies need stretches of uninhabited and undeveloped land?

Question 28

Identify and describe the goals and accomplishments of the #OneNYC (formerly PlaNYC)program.

Question 29

List some of the reasons that urban dwellers move to the suburbs.

Question 30

From where does New York City get its drinking water?

A)reservoirs in the Rocky Mountains
B)desalination of seawater from the Atlantic Ocean
C)groundwater aquifers beneath the city
D)reservoirs far to the northwest of the city
E)directly from the Hudson River

Question 31

The urban heat island effect is caused by ________________.

A)heat -generating buildings and dark,heat -absorbing surfaces
B)nuclear power plants venting excess heat into the urban landscape
C)street lighting and burning of wastes in landfills
D)green buildings
E)air warmed over adjacent oceans blowing into urban areas

Question 32

Which of the following approaches would earn points toward LEED certification?

A)building near a school
B)building with mahogany imported from Brazil
C)building on a golf course
D)recycling all construction wastes
E)building a children's cancer hospital

Question 33

Urban sprawl typically results in ________________.

A)high -density housing outside of the central city
B)decreased reliance on automobiles
C)narrower highways
D)increased commuting distances
E)increased population densities