Deck 12: Forests,forest Management,and Protected Areas

Question 1

Where will you find epiphytes growing?

A)on other plants
B)on animals that live in the forest canopy
C)beneath a tree
D)on rotting logs
E)on the forest floor

Answer 1

on other plants

Question 2

In the western U.S.,bark beetle outbreaks have become much worse than in the past for all of the following reasons EXCEPT _______________.

A)milder winters caused by climate change are enabling beetles to spread northward
B)warmer climate has resulted in increased reproductive output for the beetles
C)long -term droughts have stressed trees,making them vulnerable to attack
D)catastrophic wildfires have resulted in the increased growth of the kinds of trees that the bark beetles prefer
E)beetles are attacking the myriad even -aged forests throughout the West,which are the perfect age for infestation

Answer 2

catastrophic wildfires have resulted in the increased growth of the kinds of trees that the bark beetles prefer

Question 3

_______________ are federal lands that are off -limits to development but are open to hiking,nature study, and other low -impact public recreational activities.

A)Wilderness areas
B)State parks
C)Biosphere reserves
D)National forests
E)BLM lands

Answer 3

Wilderness areas

Question 4

How does the size of an island generally affects its biodiversity,and why?

A)Larger islands tend to have lower diversity than smaller islands because larger islands usually support larger populations of predators.
B)Larger islands tend to have higher diversity than smaller islands because larger islands are often found closer to continents.
C)Larger islands tend to have higher diversity than smaller islands because larger islands usually have a higher diversity of habitats.
D)Larger islands tend to have lower diversity than smaller islands because larger islands are often found farther from continents.
E)The size of an island does not affect diversity,as it has been shown in many studies that only the distance between an island and a continent affects its biodiversity.

Question 5

Many environmental advocates believe that biofuel made from palm oil is NOT an appropriate replacement for fossil fuels such as petroleum because _______________.

A)it is better to use palm oil in snack foods
B)human rights are being violated because of the palm oil slave trade
C)tropical forests must be cleared to plant oil palms
D)oil palm plantations take land away from coffee growers
E)burning palm oil actually puts more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than burning gasoline

Question 6

Second -growth forests _______________.

A)are forests whose timber has second -rate value
B)are less abundant on Earth today than they were 500 years ago
C)are forests that establish themselves after old -growth timber has been removed
D)are those forests in the National Parks that are protected from logging
E)in North America are mostly in British Columbia and Alaska

Question 7

Deforestation _______________

A)has the greatest impacts in tropical areas and arid regions
B)decreases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
C)prevents erosion
D)causes population explosions
E)is not widespread in North America

Question 8

Land trusts are _______________.

A)municipal government entities
B)state government entities
C)federal government entities
D)private nonprofit groups
E)corporations

Question 9

Which of the following is a consequence of clearing forests for agriculture purposes?

A)Biodiversity increases because of habitat diversification.
B)Water runoff decreases because crops will take up more of the moisture.
C)CO2 levels in the atmosphere drop to dangerously low levels.
D)The soil becomes richer and retains moisture better because there are few trees to take up the water and soil nutrients.
E)Soil erosion increases because the tree roots and other vegetation that stabilize the soil have been removed.

Question 10

Clear -cutting ______________________________.

A)is a form of violent protest favored by radical environmental organizations
B)restricts timber harvesting to mountaintops
C)involves elimination of subsidies to farmers
D)removes all trees from an area
E)is harvesting trees from coastal areas only

Question 11

The first national park was _______________

A)Yosemite
B)General Grant (Kings Canyon)
C)Yellowstone
D)Mount Rainier
E)Sequoia

Question 12

The U.N.FAO's Global Forest Resources Assessment of 2015 concluded that _______________.

A)all nationally owned forests should be managed by clear -cutting
B)deforestation is now in equilibrium with new planting
C)there will be no forest ecosystems left by 2040
D)deforestation has slowed but we still lose forests at a rapid rate
E)to protect forest biodiversity,forested public lands should be closed to recreation

Question 13

Passed in 1906, the _______________ national monuments.

A)Wilderness Act
B)Homesteaders Act
C)Swampland Act
D)Antiquities Act gave the president authority to declare selected public lands as
E)National Monuments Act

Question 14

The SLOSS debate involves issues relating to _______________.

A)government subsidies to farmers
B)drilling for oil in ANWR
C)controlled burns
D)tax dollars spent to build roads in national forests
E)habitat fragmentation and preserve design

Question 15

Why do developing nations impose few or no restrictions on logging?

A)No ancient forests remain in developing nations.
B)They do not want to hinder economic development.
C)There is an infinite supply of timber because wood is a renewable resource.
D)Most timber is extracted by local corporations that support the government.
E)Local residents use most of the timber,and the government does not want to impose restrictions on its citizens.

Question 16

Fire history in an open pine woodland ecosystem would be best determined by _______________.

A)charcoal in the soil
B)ambient air temperature
C)tree ring burn marks
D)soil chemistry
E)the density of vegetation

Question 17

The _______________ system of timber harvesting involves leaving small numbers of mature trees in place to provide shelter for seedlings as they grow.

A)single -tree selection
B)shelterwood
C)nursery -tree
D)"cherry -picking"
E)clearcutting

Question 18

If forests are strictly managed according to the maximum sustainable yield model,some biodiversity would still be lost because _______________.

A)forests are more susceptible to herbivore damage
B)nearly all predators will be excluded
C)species whose habitat depends on mature trees in the top canopy layer will be excluded
D)habitats for nesting birds are lost
E)all the trees are of mature size leaving no room for new seedlings

Question 19

Which of the following accurately describes a benefit or a drawback of managing an even-aged tree plantation?

A)Even -aged stands are less vulnerable to disease and insect outbreaks.
B)Even -aged stands create a more complex groundcover habitat.
C)Even -aged stands are unpopular because they are difficult to harvest and replant.
D)Even -aged stands possess more structural complexity than natural forests.
E)Even -aged stands are more vulnerable to bark beetles.

Question 20

Which area labeled on the map is experiencing the highest rate of deforestation?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 21

What part of American history makes it difficult for us to suggest halting deforestation in the tropical rainforest? How did deforestation proceed in the United States? How is deforestation there different than it was here?

Question 22

The "roadless rule" __________________

A)prohibits road construction within national parks
B)prohibits off -road vehicles in national parks and forests
C)permits clear -cutting in forests which have no access roads for logging companies
D)was strictly enforced between 2004 and 2007
E)prohibits new road construction in national forests

Question 23

In the United States,who owns the forest land that is home to timber harvesting? Why was the national forest system established,what was its mission,and who specifically directed its development? How did the political climate in the United States aid the formation of a system that incorporated the theme of conservation?

Question 24

Compare and contrast the National Forest Management Act and the Healthy Forests Restoration Act.

Question 25

Prescribed burns would be used in forests __________________.

A)that have heavy recreational use to warn people about the dangers of fires
B)to convert primary forests into secondary forests
C)plagued with insects as a cheaper alternative to pesticides
D)that are subject to severe wildfires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth
E)where there high densities of endangered species,such as tropical rainforests

Question 26

Explain salvage logging.

Question 27

The program Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) __________________.

A)seeks to reduce the 30% of global carbon emissions caused by primary forests
B)was passed unanimously by the Copenhagen Conference (2010)on global climate change
C)gives wealthy nations carbon offsets if they pay poorer nations to conserve forests
D)supports research to develop trees which permanently sequester carbon
E)combats unsustainable forestry practices through controlled burning programs

Question 28

Explain several reasons for the development of parks and protected areas?

Question 29

What is the importance of fire in ecosystem management? What is the cost of fire suppression for ecosystem health? What is the alternative to fire suppression?

Question 30

Briefly discuss the components of a sustainable forestry program and the meaning of FSC certification.