Deck 21: The Diversity of Plants

Question 1

Green algae are assumed to be ancestors of plants because:

A)the fossil ancestors have been discovered.
B)green algae make chitin and laminarin.
C)green algae make cellulose and starch.
D)green algae are almost exclusively marine.
E)lignin is known to occur in some green algae.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In plants, the haploid, multicellular organism is the:

A)sporophyte.
B)gametophyte.
C)zygote.
D)spore.
E)gamete.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics differentiates plants from green algae?

A)photosynthetic pigments
B)starch
C)cellulose
D)chloroplasts
E)multicellular, dependent embryos

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of these is an advantage to a plant that moved onto land?

A)increased sunlight availability
B)dry environment
C)less support
D)increased heat
E)decreased water availability

Question 5

Why do farmers add organic matter in the form of dead plants to the soil?

A)Organic matter improves the soil's ability to hold water and nutrients.
B)Organic matter adds oxygen to the soil.
C)Organic matter lowers the level of carbon dioxide in the soil.
D)Soil needs to have minerals added every year.
E)Organic matter kills microbes in the soil.

Question 6

A fertilized egg is a:

A)sporophyte.
B)gametophyte.
C)zygote.
D)spore.
E)gamete.

Question 7

Both plants and green algae store food as:

A)lignan.
B)chlorophyll.
C)starch.
D)cellulose.
E)lipids.

Question 8

With respect to plant reproduction, there has been an evolutionary trend toward:

A)increased pollen production.
B)smaller flowers.
C)larger fruits.
D)sporophyte dominance.
E)greater seed production.

Question 9

Pollen and seeds evolved in response to:

A)an increase in pollinators.
B)flower evolution.
C)moist environments.
D)seed predators.
E)dry land environments.

Question 10

To strengthen the conducting cells and help plants stand erect without water for them to float in, land plants developed:

A)stomata.
B)a cuticle.
C)flowers.
D)vascular tissue.
E)lignan.

Question 11

A gametophyte is:

A)diploid.
B)haploid.
C)triploid.
D)tetraploid.
E)unable to survive.

Question 12

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A)sugars and O2
B)lipids and H2O
C)CO2 and sugars
D)minerals and nitrogen
E)CO2 and phosphorus

Question 13

To control the movement of gases, land plants developed:

A)stomata.
B)a cuticle.
C)flowers.
D)vascular tissue.
E)lignan.

Question 14

To limit water loss, land plants developed:

A)stomata.
B)a cuticle.
C)flowers.
D)vascular tissue.
E)lignan.

Question 15

The haploid, single-celled product of mitosis is a:

A)sporophyte.
B)gametophyte.
C)zygote.
D)spore.
E)gamete.

Question 16

The first cell after fertilization is a(n):

A)spore.
B)sporophyte.
C)embryo.
D)seed.
E)zygote.

Question 17

In plants, the diploid, multicellular organism is the:

A)sporophyte.
B)gametophyte.
C)zygote.
D)spore.
E)gamete.

Question 18

The closest living relatives to plants are:

A)stoneworts.
B)red algae.
C)ciliates.
D)amoebas.
E)foraminferans.

Question 19

During the Dust Bowl years, thousands of acres in the United States lost all vegetation due to drought and the soil blew away. Why?

A)Plants draw all the water out of the soil, which increases erosion.
B)Plants take nutrients out of the soil, thus weakening its structure.
C)The roots of living plants help hold soil in place and prevent erosion.
D)Photosynthesis is detrimental to microbes in the soil.

Question 20

Which evidence supports the idea that land plants arose from green algae?

A)Both photosynthesize.
B)Both use the same kind of chlorophyll.
C)Green algae live in freshwater environments, and plants require fresh water.
D)Both contain similar accessory pigments.

Question 21

What is one major difference between ferns and the other seedless vascular plants?

A)reproductive cycle
B)dominant stage of life
C)leaf shape
D)flower structure
E)vascular system

Question 22

A fossil plant appears to have several seeds all completely enclosed in a single outer covering. This plant is probably a(n):

A)gymnosperm.
B)angiosperm.
C)bryophyte.
D)fern.
E)alga.

Question 23

Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest positive impact on the sexual reproduction of ferns and mosses?

A)excessively wet and rainy
B)above average temperatures for several days
C)excessively dry for several days
D)below average temperatures for a few days
E)the shade of a forest

Question 24

Which group does not depend on water for reproduction?

A)ferns
B)bryophytes
C)algae
D)club mosses
E)flowering plants

Question 25

While walking in a tropical forest, you come upon a 6-meter-tall plant that shows no evidence of seed production. The plant is most likely a(n):

A)gymnosperm.
B)angiosperm.
C)bryophyte.
D)fern.
E)alga.

Question 26

Which of the following are seedless vascular plants with silica in the wall and tiny, scale-like leaves?

A)mosses
B)liverworts
C)horsetails
D)cycads
E)ferns

Question 27

Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest negative impact on the sexual reproduction of ferns and mosses?

A)excessively wet and rainy
B)above average temperatures for several days
C)excessively dry for several days
D)moderate temperatures and rainfall
E)the shade of a forest

Question 28

Which of the following are gymnosperms?

A)cycads, ginkgos, and ferns
B)cycads, conifers, and ferns
C)ginkgos, conifers, and horsetails
D)conifers, ginkgos, and ferns
E)cycads, ginkgos, and conifers

Question 29

Which division has been reduced to one remaining species?

A)conifers
B)cycads
C)ginkgos
D)bryophytes
E)liverworts

Question 30

Why do mosses and liverworts need to live in a moist environment?

A)reproduction
B)the production of flowers
C)the production of fruits
D)root formation
E)greater seed production

Question 31

Which group of land plants is most restricted to moist environments?

A)vascular plants
B)tracheophytes
C)bryophytes
D)anthophyta
E)angiosperms

Question 32

Which plants have been planted extensively along U.S. streets due to their resistance to pollution?

A)conifers
B)cycads
C)ginkgos
D)bryophytes
E)liverworts

Question 33

Which group of plants was the first to produce seeds?

A)angiosperms
B)bryophytes
C)gymnosperms
D)lycophytes
E)chlorophytes

Question 34

Bryophytes absorb water through:

A)roots.
B)mycorrhizae.
C)rhizomes.
D)tracheophytes.
E)rhizoids.

Question 35

If you were hiking and wanted to show off your understanding of the differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms, what characteristics could you see with your naked eye that would help you impress your friends?

A)flowers or cones
B)presence or lack of vascular tissues
C)presence or lack of seeds
D)presence or lack of tree-sized stems
E)size of the male gametophyte

Question 36

The main function of flower petals is to:

A)produce gametes.
B)photosynthesize.
C)provide support.
D)attract pollinators.
E)discourage herbivores.

Question 37

Which of the following are important reproductive adaptations that allow plants to inhabit terrestrial environments?

A)leaves and stems
B)seeds and pollen
C)roots and leaves
D)gametophytes and sporophytes
E)flowers and leaves

Question 38

In flowering plants, what is the relationship of the sporophyte generation to the gametophyte generation?

A)The sporophyte is dominant but begins its development attached to the gametophyte.
B)The gametophyte is dominant, and the sporophyte is retained on the gametophyte.
C)The sporophyte is dominant, and the gametophyte is microscopic.
D)Flowering plants do not produce sporophytes.
E)Flowering plants do not produce gametophytes.

Question 39

What group dominated the Carboniferous period and is now burned as coal?

A)angiosperms
B)conifers
C)cycads
D)seedless vascular plants
E)algae

Question 40

Which evolutionary plant innovation eliminated the need for sperm to swim through water in order to fertilize an egg, resulting in plants being truly adapted for reproduction on land?

A)rhizoids
B)fruit
C)roots
D)independent gametophyte
E)pollen

Question 41

A complete lack of vascular tissue is characteristic of:

A)angiosperms.
B)mosses.
C)ginkgos.
D)cycads.
E)ferns.

Question 42

The characteristic that sets plants apart from photosynthetic protists is the multicellular, dependent embryo. True or False?

Question 43

The cuticle of a leaf is one modification that enabled plants to move onto land. True or False?

Question 44

Horsetails are classified as:

A)angiosperms.
B)bryophytes.
C)seedless vascular plants.
D)gymnosperms.
E)ferns.

Question 45

Which of the following depends on a method of seed dispersal other than the consumption of its fruits?

A)apple
B)strawberry
C)maple
D)pine
E)moss

Question 46

In angiosperms, the male gametophyte is:

A)pollen.
B)the anther.
C)a flower.
D)sperm.
E)a seed.

Question 47

You've observed a moss sporophyte attached to a gametophyte. The sporophyte is attached to a(n):

A)archegonium.
B)flower.
C)female cone.
D)embryo sac.
E)antheridium.

Question 48

Which of the following is most likely to be successful and thrive in a desert ecosystem?

A)angiosperm
B)conifer
C)green alga
D)fern
E)horsetail

Question 49

Cycads are classified as:

A)angiosperms.
B)bryophytes.
C)seedless vascular plants.
D)gymnosperms.
E)ferns.

Question 50

Roses are classified as:

A)angiosperms.
B)bryophytes.
C)seedless vascular plants.
D)gymnosperms.
E)ferns.

Question 51

Fruit production requires precious resources. What important benefit does fruit provide?

A)feeds the embryo
B)keeps the seed moist
C)is a means of dispersal of seeds
D)attracts pollen eaters
E)prevents grazing on the fruit

Question 52

Which of the following is technically not a fruit?

A)pumpkin
B)cucumber
C)tomato
D)lettuce
E)green pepper

Question 53

What pollinates most gymnosperms?

A)insects
B)birds
C)small mammals
D)wind

Question 54

Gnetophytes are:

A)angiosperms.
B)bryophytes.
C)seedless vascular plants.
D)nonflowering seed plants.
E)ferns.

Question 55

Ginkgos are classified as:

A)angiosperms.
B)bryophytes.
C)seedless vascular plants.
D)gymnosperms.
E)ferns.

Question 56

Pollen production by the anthers of a flower is characteristic of:

A)angiosperms.
B)conifers.
C)ferns.
D)mosses.
E)ginkgos.

Question 57

A fruit is a:

A)seed.
B)mature ovary.
C)mature ovule.
D)female gametophyte.
E)plant embryo.

Question 58

Which of the following relies on the wind for pollination?

A)tulip
B)stinking corpse lily
C)magnolia tree
D)pine tree
E)gardenia

Question 59

Which of the following is most likely to disappear from an ecosystem during an extended drought?

A)angiosperm
B)conifer
C)gnetophyte
D)fern
E)liverwort

Question 60

The haploid generation of a plant is called the sporophyte. True or False?

Question 61

Spores are produced by ________.

Question 62

Cycads attract pollinators with large, fragrant flowers. True or False?

Question 63

Land plants are believed to have evolved from ________.

Question 64

Fruits are a method of pollen dispersal. True or False?

Question 65

The haploid generation of a plant is a(n)________.

Question 66

The gametophyte produces ________ by mitosis.

Question 67

Club mosses and horsetails have vascular tissue. True or False?

Question 68

To reduce water loss, the outside of leaves is covered with a(n)________.

Question 69

Archegonia produce ________.

Question 70

Seeds allowed plants to colonize dry land. True or False?

Question 71

The only seedless vascular plants with broad leaves are ferns. True or False?

Question 72

The cuticle in a plant speeds water uptake by the roots. True or False?

Question 73

Mosses produce large amounts of pollen. True or False?

Question 74

In nonvascular plants, sperm are formed in the archegonia. True or False?

Question 75

A plant cell undergoing meiosis produces a(n)________.

Question 76

You find a multicellular, eukaryotic organism that carries out photosynthesis and produces dependent embryos. It is classified as a(n)________.

Question 77

A diploid plant is a(n)________.

Question 78

A pine tree is a(n)________.

Question 79

In nonvascular plants, sperm are formed in the antheridia. True or False?

Question 80

Vessel tubes are rigid because they contain ________ in their cell walls.