Deck 33: Respiration

Question 1

What are spiracles?

A)openings between the gills of a frog tadpole
B)openings into the tracheae of insects
C)openings into the alveoli of the lungs
D)openings to the bronchi

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The lungs of reptiles are better developed than those of amphibians because reptiles:

A)are larger animals.
B)have a higher metabolic rate.
C)have a dry, scaly skin.
D)lay shelled eggs.
E)use oxygen for cellular processes.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Why does a typical fish die quickly when it is not in water?

A)Gills cannot exchange gases in air, only in water.
B)The gills collapse.
C)Gills split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, used for aerobic cellular respiration.
D)Water contains more oxygen, per unit volume, than does air.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

All of the following are stages in gas exchange in respiratory systems EXCEPT:

A)air moving across the system by bulk flow.
B)diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the respiratory membranes.
C)active transport of O2 into the circulatory system.
D)transport of gases by the circulatory system by bulk flow.
E)gas exchange from the circulation to the tissues by diffusion.

Question 5

Which of these animals can have gills for gas exchange?

A)insects
B)earthworms
C)spiders
D)tadpoles
E)jellyfishes

Question 6

Insect respiratory systems contain all of these structures EXCEPT:

A)tracheae.
B)parabronchi.
C)tracheoles.
D)spiracles.

Question 7

Which of the following structures protects the delicate gills of fish?

A)an operculum
B)parabronchi
C)tracheoles
D)spiracles

Question 8

Aquatic animals, in general, face more of a challenge when extracting oxygen from their environment than do terrestrial animals. Why?

A)Less oxygen is available in water than in air.
B)Less energy is required to ventilate gills than lungs.
C)Aquatic animals lose ions to the environment.
D)Gills have thinner cells than alveoli.
E)Parabronchi have twice the metabolic rate of spiracles.

Question 9

________ is a waste product of cellular respiration.

A)ATP
B)Oxygen
C)Carbon dioxide
D)Nitrogen
E)Glucose

Question 10

All respiratory systems have all of the following EXCEPT:

A)a moist gas exchange surface.
B)a large surface area.
C)thin surfaces.
D)air-filled lungs.

Question 11

Sea jellies lack a circulatory system because:

A)they have no immune system.
B)they breathe air.
C)their tissues have low metabolic demands.
D)their rapid metabolic processes ensure steep concentration gradients.

Question 12

Animals need a respiratory system because each cell of their bodies is involved in the process of:

A)intracellular digestion.
B)cellular respiration.
C)hormone production.
D)nitrogen fixation.
E)extracellular digestion.

Question 13

Which of the following groups of animals can most efficiently extract oxygen from the atmosphere?

A)amphibians
B)reptiles
C)birds
D)mammals
E)insects

Question 14

Movement of O2 from the outside air to respiratory surfaces by breathing is an example of:

A)diffusion.
B)active transport.
C)facilitated diffusion.
D)osmosis.
E)bulk flow.

Question 15

Which of these animals takes up O2 through its skin?

A)desert lizard
B)bat
C)bird
D)frog
E)trout

Question 16

Breathing in terrestrial animals is a major route of:

A)loss of ions.
B)uptake of glucose.
C)loss of water.
D)uptake of H+.

Question 17

In the lungs, oxygen moves from air into blood by:

A)diffusion.
B)osmosis.
C)bulk flow.
D)active transport.
E)facilitated diffusion.

Question 18

Birds are able to sustain long flights at high altitudes because they:

A)have thicker blood than other animals with many more red blood cells.
B)can extract oxygen during both inhalation and exhalation.
C)use anaerobic metabolism during flight.
D)decrease their heart rate during flight.
E)are able to lower their body temperature during flight.

Question 19

All of the following are respiratory surfaces EXCEPT:

A)tracheae of a fly.
B)bat wings.
C)skin of an earthworm.
D)gills of a fish.
E)alveoli of a raccoon.

Question 20

If a respiratory surface dries out, gas exchange will:

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)stop.
D)not be affected.
E)decrease for oxygen but increase for carbon dioxide.

Question 21

Which of the following is the gas-exchange portion of the human lung?

A)larynx
B)pharynx
C)bronchi
D)bronchioles
E)alveoli

Question 22

The vocal cords are located in the:

A)larynx.
B)pharynx.
C)epiglottis.
D)trachea.
E)bronchi.

Question 23

How much air enters the lungs in a human's average breath?

A)125 milliliter
B)250 milliliter
C)500 milliliter
D)750 milliliter
E)1,000 milliliter

Question 24

After passing through the nasal cavities, incoming air next moves to the:

A)larynx.
B)bronchi.
C)pharynx.
D)trachea.
E)bronchioles.

Question 25

Alveoli:

A)have a moist surface.
B)are thick-walled.
C)are not permeable to dissolved O2.
D)are found in gills.
E)are directly attached to the tracheae.

Question 26

The function of the epiglottis is to:

A)cover fish gills.
B)close insect trachea.
C)prevent food from entering the airway.
D)be part of the vocal cords.
E)produce the alveolar surfactant.

Question 27

The surface area-to-volume ratio (S/V)can be calculated for different animals. An animal with an S/V of ________ is most likely to use its skin as its primary respiratory surface.

A)11.3
B)8)6
C)1)23
D)0)12

Question 28

A thin slice of a lung looks like a cross-section of:

A)a blown-up balloon.
B)a piece of wood.
C)the heart at the level of the ventricles.
D)a sponge.
E)a carrot.

Question 29

The cells that line the human respiratory passages secrete:

A)mucus.
B)blood.
C)water.
D)hormones.
E)enzymes.

Question 30

Which of these structures is analogous in function to the tracheoles in insects?

A)skin of an earthworm
B)bronchi in a human
C)trachea of a bird
D)skin of a reptile

Question 31

During inhalation, the diaphragm:

A)contracts and is dome-shaped.
B)relaxes and is dome-shaped.
C)contracts and is flattened.
D)relaxes and is flattened.

Question 32

Which sequence of animals is an example of how animal respiratory systems evolved?

A)sharklizardsalamanderbird
B)sharksalamanderlizardbird
C)salamanderlizardsharkbird
D)birdlizardsalamandershark
E)lizardsharkbirdsalamander

Question 33

Most of the oxygen in the blood is:

A)bound to hemoglobin.
B)in the white blood cells.
C)combined with carbon dioxide.
D)in the plasma.
E)carried by leukocytes.

Question 34

All of the following can bind to hemoglobin EXCEPT:

A)oxygen.
B)carbon monoxide.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)nitrogen.

Question 35

Which structure prevents foods and liquids from entering the lungs?

A)larynx
B)pharynx
C)epiglottis
D)bronchus
E)bronchiole

Question 36

Most of the carbon dioxide released from cells is transported as:

A)dissolved carbon monoxide.
B)bicarbonate ions in the plasma.
C)carbon dioxide attached to hemoglobin.
D)carbohydrates, such as glucose.

Question 37

Which of these structures is analogous in function to the alveoli in humans?

A)spiracles of a grasshopper
B)trachea of a frog
C)skin of an alligator
D)parabronchi of a bird
E)operculum of a fish

Question 38

The respiratory center is located in the:

A)medulla.
B)cortex.
C)spinal cord.
D)midbrain.
E)hypothalamus.

Question 39

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs due to:

A)active transport of gases between the blood and the alveolus.
B)active transport of gases between hemoglobin and the alveolus.
C)passive diffusion of gases between the blood and the alveolus.
D)facilitated diffusion of gases between the blood and the alveolus.
E)facilitated diffusion of gases between the hemoglobin and the alveolus.

Question 40

Which respiratory system characteristics are shared by fish, frogs, jellyfish, and earthworms?

A)internal respiratory structures
B)gas exchange across the skin
C)gas exchange across a moist respiratory surface
D)respiratory system with a complex network of tubes
E)lack of a true circulatory system

Question 41

The tiny tubes that carry air to all parts of mammalian lungs are called:

A)the larynx.
B)bronchi.
C)the pharynx.
D)tracheae.
E)bronchioles.

Question 42

Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it:

A)causes breathing to stop.
B)is toxic to the brain.
C)prevents the SA node from functioning.
D)prevents hemoglobin from carrying oxygen.
E)slows the cilia in the respiratory tract.

Question 43

One ________ leads to each human lung.

A)larynx
B)bronchus
C)pharynx
D)trachea
E)bronchiole

Question 44

When blood is drawn from a blood vessel in your arm, it is dark red. This color indicates that the blood was:

A)taken from an artery.
B)going away from the heart.
C)taken from a vein.
D)on its way to the tissues of the arm.
E)coming from the lungs.

Question 45

The respiratory center is very sensitive to changes in ________ levels, but not very sensitive to changes in ________ levels.

A)blood sugar; hormone
B)hormone; blood sugar
C)temperature; blood pressure
D)carbon dioxide; oxygen
E)oxygen; carbon dioxide

Question 46

Which of the following events causes exhalation?

A)contraction of the diaphragm
B)expansion of the lungs
C)contraction of the rib muscles
D)relaxation of the diaphragm

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting portion of the human respiratory system?

A)alveoli
B)tracheae
C)bronchi
D)larynx

Question 48

Carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood by all of the following methods, EXCEPT

A)dissolved in plasma as CO2.
B)carried in plasma as HCO3-.
C)bound to hemoglobin.
D)as CO bound to hemoglobin.

Question 49

Where do air from the nose and air from the mouth join?

A)larynx
B)bronchi
C)pharynx
D)trachea
E)bronchioles

Question 50

Which of the following happens in the lungs?

A)Gases move up a concentration gradient.
B)Blood loses all of its carbon dioxide.
C)Some of the oxygen in the air moves into the blood, and some of the carbon dioxide in the blood moves into the air.
D)Air loses all of its oxygen.
E)Gases move by bulk flow into and out of the circulation.

Question 51

Closed air sacs in which gas exchange occurs in mammals are called;

A)alveoli.
B)bronchi.
C)the pharynx.
D)tracheae.
E)bronchioles.

Question 52

Imagine that a patient is admitted to the hospital after falling from the second-story window of her apartment. Tests reveal no injuries other than some swelling in the brain. Why, then, would her breathing become irregular?

A)Her tissues require more oxygen for healing.
B)The blood returning to the lungs from the brain is too high in oxygen.
C)The respiratory center in the lungs is malfunctioning due to a lack of carbon dioxide.
D)The damage to the brain is affecting the respiratory center in the medulla.
E)Her swollen brain is causing a decrease in blood pressure.

Question 53

Cigarette smoke can inactivate the cilia of the lungs for:

A)10 minutes.
B)60 minutes.
C)12 hours.
D)24 hours.

Question 54

Hemoglobin is a respiratory protein. Its function is to:

A)increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.
B)assist in blood clotting.
C)attract lymphocytes to damaged tissues.
D)remove toxins from plasma.
E)provide structural integrity to red blood cells.

Question 55

What happens during inhalation?

A)The diaphragm is contracted.
B)Rib muscles are relaxed.
C)Air is leaving the alveoli.
D)The chest wall moves away from the lungs.
E)The heart pumps blood to the lungs.

Question 56

All of the following are possible EXCEPT:

A)an involuntary increase in the rate of breathing.
B)inhibition of the respiratory centers in the brain.
C)voluntarily holding one's breath until death occurs.
D)a voluntary increase in the rate of breathing.
E)a voluntary decrease in the rate of breathing.

Question 57

Why do people who have experienced carbon monoxide poisoning tend to look healthy at first glance?

A)Their breathing is normal.
B)Carbon monoxide works slowly.
C)They are able to use some carbon monoxide in cellular respiration.
D)Carbon monoxide is a brain stimulant.
E)Their skin and lips are bright red.

Question 58

Why do smokers cough?

A)Nicotine blocks chemoreceptors in the nose.
B)Smoking damages the cilia that normally remove mucus and debris from the respiratory tract.
C)Smoking affects the respiratory center neurons in the medulla.
D)Carbon monoxide in the smoke triggers the cough reflex.

Question 59

The respiratory center is made of:

A)a cluster of nerve cells in the lungs.
B)the alveoli.
C)a part of the pituitary gland.
D)the cells of the capillaries in the lungs.
E)a cluster of nerve cells in the brain stem.

Question 60

The receptors in the respiratory center are most sensitive to a small:

A)drop in blood nitrogen levels.
B)drop in blood oxygen levels.
C)rise in blood oxygen levels.
D)rise in blood carbon dioxide levels.
E)drop in blood pH.

Question 61

The respiratory system is regulated to maintain a constant level of ________ in the blood.

Question 62

Vertebrate lungs probably evolved from the digestive tracts of fishes. True or False?

Question 63

Frogs use their skin as a respiratory organ. True or False?

Question 64

Gills are found in some species of mollusks. True or False?

Question 65

The large body of a sea jelly requires relatively little oxygen because its internal cells use relatively little ________.

Question 66

Fish gills consist of a series of:

A)parabronchi.
B)opercula.
C)spiracles.
D)interconnected bronchioles.
E)filaments.

Question 67

What features are common to all respiratory systems?

Question 68

Which of the following is one consequence of passive smoking?

A)Nonsmoking children of smokers are more likely to contract bronchitis.
B)Smokers are more likely to have diminished lung capacity.
C)Nonsmoking spouses of smokers have a 30% lower risk of heart attack.
D)Nonsmoking children of smokers are less likely to develop atherosclerosis.

Question 69

How can a sponge get oxygen to every cell of its body without a respiratory system?

Question 70

When a bumblebee lands on a flower, it pumps its abdomen up and down to move oxygen into its system of ________ through the round holes called ________ on its abdomen.

Question 71

For smokers who quit smoking, when does healing begin?

A)immediately
B)after 6 months
C)after a year
D)after 5 years

Question 72

How are cellular respiration and respiratory systems related?

Question 73

The surface area of all respiratory systems must be large compared with the size of the animal involved because diffusion is slow. True or False?

Question 74

What happens during countercurrent exchange?

A)Steep concentration gradients are created.
B)There is a transfer of heat or solute from fluids flowing in opposite directions.
C)There is a transfer of heat or solute from fluids flowing in the same direction.
D)Plasma is removed from blood, leaving only the solid red blood cells.
E)Active transport moves solutes across a membrane via transport proteins.

Question 75

When a cell is respiring, carbon dioxide is in ________ concentration inside the cell, causing it to diffuse out, whereas ________ is in high concentration outside the cell, causing it to diffuse in.

Question 76

Some fish can extract 85% of the O2 from water flowing through their gills. True or False?

Question 77

What structures make up the large surface area for gas exchange in fish?

Question 78

"Smoker's cough" is the result of:

A)excess mucus.
B)irritation in the throat.
C)emphysema.
D)nicotine.
E)dry lungs.

Question 79

Nicotine fights against infection. True or False?

Question 80

In the lungs, ________ diffuses into the bloodstream where it is in low concentration, and ________ diffuses from the bloodstream into the lungs.