Deck 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

Question 1

What type of compound has been used to replace tetraethyl lead ((C₂H₅)₄Pb) as an antiknock agent in gasoline?

A) fluorochlorocarbons
B) oxygenated hydrocarbons
C) aromatic compounds
D) olefins
E) paraffins

Answer 1

oxygenated hydrocarbons

Question 2

Which statement about addition reactions between alkenes and HBr is false?

A) Bromine attacks the alkene carbon atom possessing a positive partial charge.
B) The addition occurs at the double bond.
C) The n bond breaks in the course of the reaction.
D) A hydrogen atom attaches itself to the alkene carbon atom possessing a negative partial charge.
E) The proposed mechanism involves radicals.

Answer 2

The proposed mechanism involves radicals.

Question 3

Proteins are biopolymers formed via multiple condensation coupling of which two functional groups?

A) ester and carboxylic acid
B) amine and carboxylic acid
C) ester and amine
D) alcohol and amine
E) alcohol and carboxylic acid

Answer 3

amine and carboxylic acid

Question 4

What is the general formula for a ketone?

A) R-OH
B) R-O-R
C) R-CO-OH
D) R- CO- R'
E) R-CHO

Question 5

Which structure below represents a ketone?

A)

B)
C)

D)
E)

Question 6

Consider the following types of compounds:
(i) amino acid
(ii) nitrogen- containing organic base
(iii) phosphoric acid
(iv) five- carbon sugar
Which of the above compounds are the monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides?

A) none
B) (i) and (ii)
C) (ii) and (iv)
D) (ii), (iii), and (iv)
E) all

Question 7

Which one of the following molecules is chiral?

A)

B)
C)

D)
E)

Question 8

How many isomers are possible for C₄H₁₀?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 10

Question 9

The structure of 2,3- dimethylheptane is .

A)

B)
C)

D)
E)

Question 10

Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by a hydroxyl functional group. is the general formula of an alcohol.

A) R-OH
B) R-CO-H
C) R-CO-R
D) R-O-R
E) R-CO-OH

Question 11

Which one of the following compounds is an isomer of CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH?

A)
B)

C) CH₃OH
D) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
E)

Question 12

Of the compounds below, is an isomer of

A)
B)

C)
D)

E)

Question 13

How many isomers are possible for C₅H₁₂?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 10

Question 14

Consider the following statements about alcohols:
(i) Alcohols contain a polar O- H bond and hence mix well with polar solvents like water.
(ii) Alcohols form hydrogen bonds with water.
(iii) Alcohols have a higher boiling point compared to hydrocarbons with the same number of carbon atoms.
(iv) For the most part, alcohols are toxic.
Which statement(s) is(are) true?

A) none
B) (i) and (ii)
C) (iii) only
D) (i), (ii), and (iv)
E) all

Question 15

Sugars are examples of what type of molecule?

A) amino acids
B) salts
C) nucleic acids
D) carbohydrates
E) proteins

Question 16

is a monosaccharide.

A) Maltose
B) Fructose
C) Glucose
D) Sucrose
E) Lactose

Question 17

When petroleum is distilled to separate the components by boiling point, the component with the highest boiling point is called .

A) gas
B) gasoline
C) paraffin
D) kerosene
E) asphalt

Question 18

How many structural isomers (include all types except optical) can be drawn for C₅H₁₀?

A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 11
E) 12

Question 19

How many isomers of C₂H₂Cl₂ are polar?

A) none
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) It is impossible to tell without more information.

Question 20

During World War II, Teflon™ was used _ .

A) to package the shrapnel incorporated into the atomic bomb
B) as a liner inside the atomic bomb to protect the guidance system from radiation
C) as gasket material in the gaseous diffusion plant for separation of uranium isotopes
D) to form the tube to keep the separate parts of the critical mass apart until the time for detonation of the bomb
E) because its characteristic color change upon exposure to radiation made it an excellent indicator of radiation leaks

Question 21

In DNA adenine is always paired with

Question 22

The aromas of different fruit are due to the chemical compounds known as

Question 23

Which of the following contains a peptide linkage?

A)

B)
C)

D)
E) none of the above

Question 24

The principal difference between fructose and glucose is that .

A) fructose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide
B) fructose is a monosaccharide and glucose is a disaccharide
C) fructose is chiral and glucose is not
D) fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar
E) glucose is chiral and fructose is not

Question 25

In the reaction of nitric acid with benzene, which isomer is formed when a second nitro group is substituted ?

Question 26

Which of the following compounds do not contain an sp³ hybridized oxygen atom?

A) alcohols
B) ethers
C) water
D) esters
E) ketones

Question 27

Which one of the following is not an alcohol?

A) cholesterol
B) acetone
C) ethanol
D) glycerol
E) ethylene glycol

Question 28

Which structure below represents an aldehyde?

A)

B)
C)

D)
E)

Question 29

What functional group is characteristic of carboxylic acids?

Question 30

Which of the following compounds does not contain a C=O bond?

A) ketones
B) ethers
C) aldehydes
D) esters
E) amides

Question 31

Rotation around a carbon- carbon double bond is difficult, requiring energy but it is a key process in the chemistry of .

Question 32

Which one of the following is a monosaccharide?

A) lactose
B) fructose
C) maltose
D) sucrose
E) none of the above

Question 33

How many chiral carbon atoms does the neopentane (2, 2 - dimethylpropane) have?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Question 34

If each of the following represents an alkane, and a carbon atom is located at each vertex with the proper number of hydrogen atoms also bonded to it, which one is the most reactive?

A)

B)
C)

D)
E) They are all equally reactive since they are all alkanes.

Question 35

What is the name of the compound below?

Question 36

Which one of the following could be a cyclic alkane?

A) C₂H₆
B) C₉H₂₀
C) C₃H₆
D) C₅H₅
E) C₄H₆

Question 37

The addition of an alkyl halide to an aromatic ring compound is called the _ reaction.

Question 38

Which structure below represents an ether?

A)

B)
C)

D)
E)

Question 39

Which statement about hydrocarbons is false?

A) The smallest alkane to have structural (constitutional) isomers has 4 carbon atoms.
B) Alkanes can be produced by hydrogenating alkenes.
C) Alkanes are more reactive than alkenes.
D) Alkenes can be polymerized.
E) Cyclic alkanes are structural isomers of alkenes.

Question 40

Benzene behaves differently from a hydrocarbon which simply contains three C=C bonds in that the latter would be expected to react much more readily with .

A) H₂
B) Br₂
C) HCl
D) Cl₂
E) all of the above

Question 41

In the oxidation of ethanol the intermediate formes is .

Question 42

What is the correct name for the compound, CH₃CH₂CH=CHCH₂CH=CHCH?

Question 43

Predict the product of the catalytic hydrogenation of 6- ethyl- 3- decene.

Question 44

The anaerobic conversion of carbohydrates to ethanol is driven by the presence of
.

Question 45

Hydrogenation of an alkene requires high temperatures and a catalyst such as nickel. Why is this?

Question 46

The resistance of gasoline to engine knocking is referred to as its .

Question 47

The hydrolysis of an ester in the presence of a base is called .

Question 48

The monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, consist of three parts. These are
.

Question 49

Large protein molecules that act as catalysts are called .

Question 50

Write the formula for 2- methyl- 4- propylnonane.

Question 51

The primary ingredient in vinegar is _

Question 52

Electron pairs in alkanes are in a arrangement.

Question 53

In nature, - amino acids dominate.

Question 54

Why is cyclopropane more reactive than propane?

Question 55

Of the 20 amino acids found in our bodies, of them must be ingested because our bodies cannot synthesize sufficient quantities of them.

Question 56

Hydrogenation of what alkyne produces propane?

Question 57

What is the name of the compound below?

Question 58

Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and .

Question 59

The doubly ionized form of an amino acid is called a _

Question 60

Mirror- image isomers of a substance are called _.

Question 61

The general formula for an ether is .

A) R-CO-OH
B) R-O-R'
C) R-CO-R'
D) R-CO-H
E) R-OH

Question 62

The minimum number of carbons necessary for a hydrocarbon to form a branched structure is
)

A) 9
B) 4
C) 3
D) 12
E) 6

Question 63

The condensation reaction of a carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of a second amino acid results in the formation of a

Question 64

Which substance would be the most soluble in gasoline _?

A) NaNO₃
B) HCl
C) NaCl
D) hexane
E) water

Question 65

In general, are the most reactive hydrocarbons.

A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) olefins
D) cycloalkanes
E) alkanes

Question 66

The general formula of an ester is _.

A) R-O-R'
B) R-CO-OH
C) R-CO-R'
D) R-OH
E) R-CO-OR'

Question 67

How many structural isomers of heptane exist ?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 10

Question 68

Alkenes always contain a _ .

A) C- C bond
B) C=C bond
C) C≡H bond
D) C=H bond
E) C≡C bond

Question 69

CH₃CH₂C(=O)NH₂ is called a(n) .

A) ester
B) aldehyde
C) amine
D) amide
E) ketone

Question 70

Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called _.

A) aromatics
B) alkanes
C) ketones
D) alkynes
E) alkenes

Question 71

The octane number of straight- run gasoline is about _ _.

A) 50
B) 0
C) 93
D) 75
E) 25

Question 72

Alkynes always contain a _.

A) C=C bond
B) C≡H bond
C) C-C bond
D) C=H bond
E) C≡C bond

Question 73

Cyclohexane has fewer hydrogens than n- hexane.

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Question 74

Alkenes have the general formula _.

A) C_2nH_n.
B) C_nH_n.
C) C_nH_2n+2.
D) C_nH_{2n- 2}.
E) C_nH_2n.

Question 75

What is the name of the compound below _ _?

A) 2,4- ethylbutene
B) 2,5- dimethylpentane
C) 2,4- dimethyl- 1- pentene
D) 2,4- methylbutene
E) 2,4- dimethyl- 4- pentene

Question 76

Gasoline and water do not mix because gasoline is .

A) less dense than water
B) polar and water is nonpolar
C) nonpolar and water is polar
D) less viscous than water
E) volatile and water is not

Question 77

What is the name of the compound CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₂CH₂CH₃?

Question 78

Aromatic hydrocarbons _ _.

A) undergo substitution reactions more easily than saturated hydrocarbons
B) are stabilized by resonance
C) have sp² hybridized carbon atoms
D) contain a series of n bonds on several consecutive carbon atoms
E) readily undergo addition reactions like alkenes

Question 79

Optically active molecules that are mirror images of each other are called .

A) enantiomers
B) geometrical isomers
C) cofactors
D) allotropes
E) chiral compounds

Question 80

The compound below is a(n) .

A) carboxylic acid
B) amine
C) ketone
D) aldehyde
E) ester