Deck 1: Love and Why It Matters

Question 1

In a study of identical twins,where one twin was divorced and the other was not,the children of the divorced twin experienced more emotional difficulties compared to their cousins from the intact family of the other twin.Given the results of this study,we can conclude that the effects of divorce on children are

A) largely attributable to genetic risk.
B) not exclusively attributable to genetic risk.
C) largely attributable to the age of the child.
D) largely offset by the presence of close relationships with the intact twin's family.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In a study of 4,800 U.S.households (Rank & Hirschl,1999),children with unmarried parents were more likely to experience severe poverty compared to black children or children with heads of household who completed less than 12 years of school.What can we conclude from this study?

A) Being unmarried causes financial distress.
B) A majority of children in the United States live in poverty.
C) Being black and having less educated parents will protect children from poverty.
D) Race and education are less important in determining children's well-being than is the relationship status of the parents.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the textbook,family disruptions cost the United Kingdom approximately $58 billion per year in housing,social services,crime,and lost tax revenue.This is an example of

A) how relationships can be considered universal.
B) social conformity.
C) social control theory.
D) how relationships contribute to the larger community.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In close relationships,who is having the most sex?

A) single men and women
B) married men and women
C) single men
D) dating couples

Question 5

Diana,who is 4 years old,has been biting and scratching her playmates in preschool.What might you suspect as a possible cause of this behavior?

A) Her parents may be experiencing a lot of conflict in their marital relationship.
B) Her parents' relationship is probably not related to her behavior.
C) Her parents probably also had such behavior problems when they were children.
D) Diana's parents probably are not getting enough sleep,and thus they are not giving her enough attention at home.

Question 6

Regarding the research on links between relationship status and mental and physical health,what can we conclude?

A) There is no link between being married and feeling greater general well-being.
B) People who are single and people who live with a relationship partner have similar levels of personal well-being.
C) Even if the relationship is of poor quality,married people have greater well-being than single people.
D) People who live with a relationship partner are slightly happier than people who live alone.

Question 7

In a study of couples where one spouse had congestive heart failure,researchers found that patients in happier relationships were less likely to die in the 4 years following the study.What does this study illustrate?

A) Relationship quality can have important consequences for personal outcomes.
B) Relationship quality declines as diseases,such as congestive heart failure,progress.
C) Having an important intimate relationship improves survival rates.
D) The physical proximity of an intimate partner reduces a person's assessment of danger and physical threat.

Question 8

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)study showed that threat-related brain structures are deactivated when women hold their husbands' hands,and,in another study,relationship communication predicted how long people may survive after a diagnosis of congestive heart failure.Why were the two different studies contrasted in the text?

A) to show how men and women differ in relationships,with women focusing more on emotion in social relationships and men focusing more on the social hierarchy and stress
B) to show two different research methods-one focusing on biological measures and the other focusing on observational methods
C) to show two different research designs-one focusing on cross-sectional data collection and one focusing on longitudinal methods
D) to show two different kinds of reasons for studying relationships-one focusing on something special about relationships themselves (intrinsic reasons)and one focusing on the effects that relationships have on other important experiences (extrinsic reasons)

Question 9

Married versus unmarried couples differ in terms of their well-being.Although it could be that being married provides benefits that lead to increases in well-being,it is also possible that this is a "selection effect." A selection effect occurs when

A) groups of people differ not because of something special about their group but because they have chosen the group.
B) researchers do not randomly select the groups of people they are comparing,which results in group differences.
C) couples selected mates based on compatible personalities and "love" versus arranged marriages.
D) couples in one group are more satisfied because they are part of a select group of high-functioning couples.

Question 10

Tremayne and Jose have both been married to their partners for 30 years.Tremayne has continued to feel satisfied in his relationship with his wife;Jose,on the other hand,has found he has become less satisfied in his relationship over time.Both men suffer from congestive heart failure and are participating in a study of relationships and health.Based on material presented in the textbook,who would you expect to live longer?

A) Jose,because congestive heart failure patients are more likely to die when in less satisfying intimate relationships.
B) Tremayne,because congestive heart failure patients are less likely to die when in more satisfying intimate relationships.
C) Tremayne,because relationship quality is associated with less activation of threat-related brain regions.
D) Neither Tremayne nor Jose,because relationship quality is unrelated to patients' mortality rates.

Question 11

Under what circumstances would something have a "protection effect"?

A) Something about a specific experience (e.g. ,being married)confers advantages or benefits.
B) Random changes in genes from one generation to the next result in increased fitness.
C) Love leads to a strong desire to protect the object of affection.
D) The family circumstances of children influence the way children will manage their own intimate relationships as adults.

Question 12

In one study of how love is experienced and perceived in the United States and China,researchers compared the lyrics of popular love songs from each country.In another study of how love is experienced and perceived in the United States and China,researchers interviewed young adults about their views on love.What can be concluded from these two studies?

A) There are sufficient differences in how love is viewed to support the notion that love is not a universal emotion.
B) In the United States,love is viewed as a more passionate experience but one that has the potential to lead to great sorrow in comparison to how it is viewed in China.
C) In China,love is viewed as perhaps a more enduring emotion but one that is associated with unrequited feelings (unfulfilled love)in comparison to how it is viewed in the United States.
D) In China,collective societal goals and obligations take precedence over individual goals,and thus love is viewed as irrelevant.

Question 13

Evidence for the idea that relationships act as a form of social control was found in a study of cocaine use among men.In this study the only group of men that showed an increase in cocaine use was men who were __________ at baseline and were __________ two years later.

A) single;engaged
B) engaged;married
C) married;divorced
D) divorced;married

Question 14

In a study of couples where one spouse had congestive heart failure,researchers evaluated relationship quality and whether it was related to mortality rates (death)in a 4-year period.What did the researchers find?

A) Patients were less likely to die when in more satisfying intimate relationships.
B) Relationship quality was unrelated to patients' mortality rates.
C) Humans are biologically programmed to desire intimate relationships.
D) The partner without heart failure became increasingly unhappy in the relationship following the other partner's diagnosis.

Question 15

According to your textbook,relationship quality

A) is influenced by a wide range of factors.
B) is a central focus in research on intimate relationships.
C) determines why some relationships last and some do not.
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 16

In an MRI study,women were told they would either have a 20 percent chance of electric shock after being shown a red X on a video monitor or no chance of electric shock after being shown a blue O while holding hands with an intimate partner,a stranger,or no one.What did the authors of the study find?

A) Women were less likely to report feeling fear of the shock when holding hands with their partners compared to holding hands with a stranger or with no one.
B) Women were less likely to show activation of threat-related brain structures when holding hands with their partners or with a stranger as compared to not holding hands.
C) Women were less likely to show activation of threat-related brain structures when holding hands with their partners compared to holding hands with a stranger or with no one.
D) Women were less likely to show activation of threat-related brain structures when holding hands with their partners compared to holding hands with a stranger or with no one,but relationship quality was unrelated to the degree of activation.

Question 17

Parents' relationship conflicts are associated with which of the following in children?

A) development of a secure attachment with the mother
B) development of emotional insecurity
C) increased sleep
D) decreased signs of aggression toward peers

Question 18

Results from cross-cultural studies of American and Chinese young adults show that

A) young Americans are more likely to believe their love is destined by fate,whereas young Chinese are more likely to view love as a personal test they must pass.
B) young Chinese are more likely to believe their love is destined by fate,whereas young Americans are more likely to view love as a personal test they must pass.
C) young Americans are more likely to view love as intensely positive,whereas young Chinese are more likely to view love as negatively tinged.
D) young Chinese are more likely to view love as intensely positive,whereas young Americans are more likely to view love as negatively tinged.

Question 19

Parents' relationships are associated with their children's behavior.Which of the following is NOT a difference between children of happy versus unhappy marriages?

A) Children of parents with troubled marriages tend to complete fewer years of education.
B) Children of parents experiencing high levels of marital conflict tend to display more aggression toward peers.
C) Children of parents experiencing high levels of marital conflict tend to enter puberty later.
D) Children of parents with troubled marriages tend to have more marital problems.

Question 20

Hari,Adam,and Neela went snowboarding and neglected to apply sunscreen.Now they all have blisters on their faces.Hari lives with his romantic partner and they have a good relationship,Adam is in a difficult relationship,and Neela has just broken up with her romantic partner.Given what you know about health and relationships,what can we say about their recovery?

A) Neela will recover the quickest because she does not have to worry about taking care of another person.
B) Both Hari and Adam will recover more quickly than Neela because they are in relationships.
C) Hari will recover the quickest because Adam's relationship is difficult and Neela just broke off a relationship.
D) All of them are likely to recover equally as fast.

Question 21

What is the significance of the findings linking oxytocin and human bonding?

A) Romantic love,like sexual desire,is at least in part biologically based.
B) Injections of oxytocin may decrease chances of infidelity.
C) Romantic love is a socially constructed concept.
D) The release of oxytocin is unrelated to human bonding.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of interdependence in relationships?

A) Interdependence is bidirectional.
B) Interdependence involves continuity over time.
C) Interdependence must include intimacy.
D) Interdependence exists between two partners.

Question 23

On his way home from work each day,Abdul buys his favorite bread from Nisa's bakery.As defined by your textbook,which element of interdependence is likely missing from Abdul and Nisa's relationship?

A) bidirectionality
B) continuity over time
C) intimacy
D) All of the answer options are likely present in Abdul and Nisa's relationship.

Question 24

Mutual influence is to ________ as sexual passion is to ________.

A) interdependence;intimate relationships
B) intimate relationships;interdependence
C) interdependence;closeness
D) closeness;interdependence

Question 25

Xiao Xu and Ming Ho are a young Chinese couple who married after falling in love while studying at university.They are friends with another young couple,On Ki and Seung Won,whose marriage was arranged by their parents.Based on research presented in the text,what would you predict about these couples' marital satisfaction?

A) Xiao Xu and Ming Ho will be more maritally satisfied than On Ki and Seung Won.
B) On Ki and Seung Won will be more maritally satisfied than Xiao Xu and Ming Ho.
C) There will be no differences in marital satisfaction between the two couples.
D) We cannot make predictions about the marital satisfaction of these couples because the research about marital satisfaction in arranged versus love marriages is inconclusive.

Question 26

Dale and Jonathon met a year ago in an introductory chemistry class.Being psychology majors,they were both nervous about taking chemistry as an elective.They ended up sharing notes and studying together,and they did well in the course.Since then,Dale and Jonathon have kept in touch and occasionally go out together on the weekend.Which of the following best characterizes Dale and Jonathon's relationship?

A) an impersonal relationship
B) a personal relationship
C) an intimate relationship
D) a close relationship

Question 27

The nature of marriage and family has changed over the past few hundred years.Which of the following is NOT one of those changes?

A) Cohabiting relationships are increasing.
B) The number of children born to unmarried parents is increasing.
C) Couples are becoming less likely to value and desire marriage.
D) The number of couples living together (cohabiting)that marry within 3 years has declined.

Question 28

You participate in a study where researchers scan your brain using MRI technology while you look at a picture of your intimate partner.Researchers should see increased activity in areas of your brain associated with

A) positive emotions.
B) sympathy.
C) critical social judgments.
D) emotion dysregulation.

Question 29

Based on research comparing China and the United States,the experience of romantic love is ________,and the expression of romantic love is ________.

A) the same;also the same
B) the same;different
C) different;the same
D) different;also different

Question 30

According to the textbook,the defining feature of a relationship is:

A) accepting your partner's specific faults.
B) awareness of the other.
C) closeness.
D) interdependence.

Question 31

Huang,an 18-year-old Chinese student,and Jim,a 19-year-old American student,participate in a cross-cultural study about love.Huang's description of love is more likely to mention ________ than is Jim's description of love.

A) disappointment
B) personal happiness
C) intense longing
D) continuing beyond death

Question 32

Impersonal relationships tend to be ________,whereas personal relationships tend to be ________.

A) informal and emotionally connected;formal and task-oriented
B) formal and task-oriented;informal and emotionally connected
C) formal and task-oriented;relatively happy
D) relatively happy;informal and emotionally connected

Question 33

What conclusions can we draw from interviews conducted with more than 10,000 Chinese couples on understanding associations between types of marriages and relationship satisfaction?

A) Couples in arranged marriages were more maritally satisfied than couples in "love" marriages.
B) Couples in "love" marriages were more maritally satisfied than couples in arranged marriages.
C) There were no differences in marital satisfaction between couples in "love" marriages and couples in arranged marriages.
D) Marriages arranged by friends were more satisfying than marriages arranged by family members.

Question 34

What is the importance of the neuropeptide oxytocin in human bonding?

A) Oxytocin is released during intimate physical contact and results in feelings of calmness,sociability,and trust.
B) Oxytocin enhances sexual desire and thus increases inclusive fitness.
C) A lack of oxytocin results in depression and anxiety,which impede the formation of close relationships.
D) Oxytocin is responsible for the development of monogamous relationships in humans.

Question 35

Intimate relationships are implicated in the mechanisms of evolution because the ways in which individuals attract and select each other as mates appear to have direct or indirect consequences on

A) happiness.
B) pairbonds.
C) natural selection.
D) fitness.

Question 36

Your friend Yayoi recently started dating someone new.Which of the following is NOT one of the features you would look for if you were trying to determine whether she and her new partner have formed an intimate relationship?

A) sexual passion
B) positive feelings toward each other
C) considering each other irreplaceable
D) interdependence

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a defining element of an intimate relationship?

A) mutual influence between partners
B) considering the partner unique
C) positive feelings toward the partner
D) the potential for erotic contact

Question 38

You participate in a study where researchers scan your brain using MRI technology while you look at a picture of your intimate partner.Researchers should see decreased activity in areas of your brain associated with

A) positive emotions.
B) sympathy.
C) critical social judgments.
D) emotion regulation.

Question 39

Pei-Pei just met Samuel,and,when they are together,she feels a surge of excitement and sexual desire.What is the likely biological cause of these feelings?

A) Pei-Pei took a drug,such as cocaine,that has activated certain brain regions that produce feelings of arousal.
B) Pei-Pei is experiencing a decrease in oxytocin,a neuropeptide linked to bonding.
C) Pei-Pei is experiencing a release of hormones from the pituitary and hypothalamus.
D) Pei-Pei is experiencing physiological and psychological interdependence with Samuel.

Question 40

MRI research investigating brain activation when individuals gaze at their intimate partners supports the distinction between _____ and _____ relationships.

A) interdependent;personal
B) personal;impersonal
C) personal;close
D) close;intimate

Question 41

The nature of marriage in Western culture has been changing over the past few hundred years.Briefly describe some of the changes,as well as the consequences-positive and negative-for the individual,the family,and society.

Question 42

Many couples aspire to have _____ love;however,few are able to sustain it.

A) romantic
B) companionate
C) fatuous
D) consummate

Question 43

Discuss and contrast how intimate relationships influence biological,psychological,and social well-being.

Question 44

Contrast how love is experienced and perceived in individualistic societies,such as in the United States,and in collectivist societies,such as China.

Question 45

Before he was in a relationship with Mark,David used to love going to concerts.Now that their relationship has become more serious,David spends less time and money going to concerts and more time with Mark.Which attribute of love best explains David's change in behavior?

A) preoccupation
B) idealization
C) proximity
D) prioritizing

Question 46

According to your textbook authors,by examining relationship quality,researchers can hope to answer the critical question: Why do relationships sometimes thrive and sometimes falter? Define what is meant by relationship quality,and briefly discuss why it is important to try to answer this question.

Question 47

Bradlei buys organic steak from his favorite butcher shop every Saturday.He prefers it when Veronica slices the steak for him,but he does not mind when Ruth slices it.How would you characterize Bradlei's relationship with Veronica?

A) personal relationship
B) impersonal relationship
C) close relationship
D) distant relationship

Question 48

Casey has gone on several dates with John,and she cannot stop thinking about him.She believes that he is the best person she has ever met.Which two attributes of love is Casey likely to be experiencing?

A) caring and preoccupation
B) joy and desire
C) idealization and preoccupation
D) idealization and proximity

Question 49

On a long flight to a conference,you get into a debate with your seatmate about whether it is better to be in an intimate relationship or not.What would you argue and why?

Question 50

Explain why interdependence,although a necessary condition for intimacy,is not a sufficient condition for intimacy.

Question 51

Adam has been in trouble with the law since he was a young adolescent.He started with petty crimes,such as vandalism and theft,and eventually he engaged in more serious criminal activity until his most recent conviction for robbery.While on parole,Adam met Janeane,and the two are now married.Although they both have steady part-time work,Adam and Janeane often argue about finances and are generally dissatisfied with their relationship.Based on material discussed in the text,explain the influence Adam's relationship with Janeane is likely to have on his offending behavior.

Question 52

Sandra regularly stops at a particular coffee shop on her way to work.Although she prefers it when Yasir makes her latté,she does not mind when Jamila makes it.How would you characterize Sandra's relationship with Yasir?

A) close relationship
B) intimate relationship
C) personal relationship
D) impersonal relationship

Question 53

You are asked to appear on a radio talk show to discuss arranged marriages.Given the research discussed in the text,what would you say about the nature of arranged marriages,how rates of arranged marriages are changing,and what the consequences are of those changes? What differences would you expect to find between arranged marriages and "love" marriages and why?

Question 54

The relationship between a lawyer and her client would be considered a(n)________ relationship,and the relationship between an aunt and niece would be considered a(n)________ relationship.

A) impersonal;personal
B) personal;impersonal
C) emotional;task-oriented
D) close;emotional

Question 55

Discuss the importance and significance of oxytocin in human bonding.

Question 56

Ulrich writes to his friend Anna in a text message,"Shall we plan for another summer fling?" What type of love does this exemplify?

A) companionate love
B) romantic love
C) fatuous love
D) consummate love

Question 57

All of the following are key features of a close relationship EXCEPT:

A) the partners have a strong influence over one another.
B) the partners are happy in the relationship.
C) the partners are emotionally engaged in the relationship.
D) the partners treat each other as unique individuals.

Question 58

Discuss how the capacity for human love and intimacy is both a biological and a social-cultural phenomenon.

Question 59

According to your textbook,which of the following distinguishes an intimate relationship from a close relationship?

A) the potential for sexual intimacy
B) the frequency of interaction
C) enduring interdependence
D) positive feelings toward the partner

Question 60

Considering the concept of love,which of the following statements is true?

A) Passion develops after commitment,and it decreases over time.
B) Passion develops at the same time as commitment,and it decreases over time
C) Commitment develops first and most rapidly over time.
D) Intimacy develops first and most rapidly over time.

Question 61

After dating for two years,Yayoi and her partner,Tom,recently became engaged.Yayoi is participating in a study where she is asked to describe what she believes are the defining features of love.Based on material presented in the text,what essential attributes would you expect Yayoi to describe?

Question 62

Distinguish fatuous love from companionate love.

Question 63

Your friend Jen calls you one night for some relationship advice.She tells you about Cam,a guy that she has been dating for approximately 2 weeks.Jen tells you that they text each other often and that they have great sexual chemistry;however,she cannot figure out why Cam is not willing to call her his "girlfriend" and tell people they are exclusively dating each other.Based on the material discussed in the text about the intensity of intimacy,passion,and commitment,what advice would you give Jen?

Question 64

Imagine you play matchmaker and introduce your good friends,Pat and Chris,to each other.You know they both enjoy creative writing and a love of the outdoors.Assume that Pat and Chris have begun to spend more and more time together.What features would you look for if you were trying to determine whether Pat and Chris have formed an intimate relationship?

Question 65

Although your textbook focuses on intimate relationships,the authors argue that we cannot understand intimate relationships without also discussing close relationships more broadly.Explain why only some close relationships may be considered intimate relationships.

Question 66

Describe the four defining features of an intimate relationship.