Deck 22: America and the Great War, 1914-1920

Question 1

For all of his accomplishments and abilities, Woodrow Wilson had:

A) no executive experience
B) no formal education
C) extensive experience and expertise in international relations before he was elected president
D) little experience in international relations before he was elected president
E) very little influence on the domestic economy

Answer 1

little experience in international relations before he was elected president

Question 2

The Zimmermann telegram, sent to the Mexican government from the White House, was intercepted by the Germans.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

One of the following pairs consists of two countries that were NOT members of the Triple Entente:

A) Italy and France
B) France and Great Britain
C) Great Britain and Russia
D) Russia and France
E) Italy and Austria-Hungary

Answer 3

Italy and Austria-Hungary

Question 4

Henry Cabot Lodge led the Senate Republicans who demanded amendments to the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 5

Due to their belief in "freedom of the seas," the British allowed Americans to trade with Germany.

Question 6

Theodore Roosevelt's son Kermit, a pilot, was killed in the war.

Question 7

Concerning global issues, Wilson:

A) was clueless
B) touted his extensive experience
C) was the first president to take on this issue
D) refused to show concern
E) had strong beliefs and principles

Question 8

President Wilson suffered a temporarily incapacitating stroke in France while negotiating the peace treaty.

Question 9

During World War I, some American symphonies refused to perform Bach and Beethoven.

Question 10

During the early twentieth century, the nation's century-long isolation from European conflicts increased.

Question 11

Former president Theodore Roosevelt was one of the biggest supporters of the League of Nations.

Question 12

During the presidential election of 1916, Republicans used the slogan "He kept us out of war" to discredit Wilson.

Question 13

The Great Migration, a mass movement that would continue through the 1920s, changed the political and social chemistry of southern cities.

Question 14

The so-called Arabic Pledge involved Wilson's stand to stop North Africa's fall into chaos during the war.

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes the diplomatic stance of Woodrow Wilson and William Jennings Bryan?

A) America must, above all else, protect American interests around the world.
B) America must not interfere in the affairs of other nations.
C) America has a religious duty to spread democracy and Christianity throughout the world.
D) America should prove its might wherever and whenever possible.
E) America must never put internationality above nationality.

Question 16

The Republican candidate for president in 1916 was Charles Evans Hughes.

Question 17

Many immigrant groups in the United States supported the Central Powers in the European war.

Question 18

Over 400,000 southern blacks moved northward during the war years.

Question 19

During the early twentieth century, the nation's century-long isolation from European conflicts:

A) was extended dramatically
B) ended
C) was declared unconstitutional
D) was codified in the U.S. legal system
E) was endorsed by the full U.S. Congress

Question 20

Women in "war work" were usually able to keep their jobs after the war.

Question 21

Ethnic conflict in Central Europe led the Austro-Hungarian Empire's determination to stop the expansionism of:

A) Croatia
B) Bulgaria
C) Germany
D) Serbia
E) Switzerland

Question 22

Between 1914 and 1918, World War I was directly responsible for the deaths of:

A) over 20 million people, both military and civilian
B) 3 million children
C) 6 million women
D) 4 million noncombatants
E) over 15 million combatants

Question 23

All of the following influenced the U.S. decision to enter the war against Germany EXCEPT:

A) the overthrow of the czarist government in Russia
B) Germany's declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare
C) Germany's offer of an alliance to Mexico
D) unrestricted submarine warfare by the Germans
E) Germany's sudden breakthrough on the Western Front

Question 24

During the presidential election of 1916, the Republicans :

A) nominated Theodore Roosevelt
B) lost by a small margin
C) nominated Woodrow Wilson
D) won by a large margin
E) blew their chances when they did not allow the progressives to support Hughes

Question 25

President Wilson's secretary of state resigned in 1915:

A) in protest of Wilson's pro-Britain stance
B) because he discovered that the Lusitania had carried a cargo of arms and ammunition
C) because he disapproved of Wilson's conciliatory stance toward Germany
D) because Wilson refused to sign the Arabic Pledge
E) because he had plans to run for president in 1916

Question 26

President Wilson's response to the sinking of the Lusitania:

A) was to sever diplomatic ties with Germany
B) included a speech in which he said that if Germany was responsible for the killing of any more Americans, then a state of war would exist between the United States and Germany
C) was conciliatory
D) was a series of notes demanding that Germany stop such actions and pay reparations
E) was to ask Congress immediately to declare war

Question 27

Which of the following is true of the Lusitania?

A) It was sunk by a submarine right outside New York Harbor.
B) It was one of the largest battleships in the British navy.
C) It secretly carried weapons and ammunition in its cargo.
D) Its sinking led Wilson to support a war against Germany.
E) It was the only passenger ship the Germans attacked during the war.

Question 28

All of these innovations changed warfare during World War I EXCEPT:

A) machine guns
B) blockades
C) land mines
D) long-range artillery
E) flame throwers

Question 29

The Food Administration('s)

A) was contested by labor lawyer Frank P. Walsh
B) goal was to increase agricultural production while reducing civilian food consumption
C) used strict guidelines and coercive authority to achieve its goals
D) was managed by a young engineer named Harry Truman
E) encouraged Americans to eat as much food as possible in order to support farmers

Question 30

The most important of all the federal mobilization agencies was the:

A) Fuel Administration
B) Emergency Fleet Corporation
C) U.S. Shipping Board
D) War Industries Board
E) Committee on Public Information

Question 31

What was the major cause of the East St. Louis riot in 1917?

A) racial tension in a defense factory
B) a white man was accused of murdering an African American child
C) an African American was accused of rape
D) misunderstanding of the homeowners' restrictive clauses
E) black members of the National Guard were told to not wear their uniforms

Question 32

The Revenue Act of 1916:

A) was primarily to raise money to pay for war preparations
B) hit farmers and low-income Americans the hardest
C) was vetoed by President Wilson
D) was designed to make Republicans support the war
E) amounted to the progressives' biggest failure in the Wilson period

Question 33

The congressional resolution for war:

A) came quickly in response to the sinking of the Lusitania
B) passed overwhelmingly
C) was divided strictly along party lines
D) included a provision that the United States would accept only an unconditional surrender from Germany
E) passed unanimously in both the House and the Senate

Question 34

Who said, after the sinking of the Lusitania, "There is such a thing as a man being too proud to fight"?

A) Charles Evans Hughes
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) Woodrow Wilson
D) John Pershing
E) Alvin York

Question 35

When news of the European war first reached the United States:

A) President Wilson immediately called on Congress to build up America's military strength
B) most old-line Americans were sympathetic to the Central Powers
C) Irish Americans leaned toward support for the Allies
D) Wilson ensured that they would help provide supplies to the Allies
E) Pershing was already on his way with 15,000 troops

Question 36

The event that triggered World War I in Europe was:

A) Germany's invasion of Belgium
B) Russia's decision to ally with France and Britain
C) Germany's determination to build a navy as large as Britain's
D) the fallout from the Bolshevik Revolution
E) a Serb's assassination of the Austrian archduke

Question 37

J. Luz Sáenz:

A) was the energetic leader of the War Labor Policies Board
B) was a Mexican American World War I veteran who, three days after his discharge, was denied service at various restaurants
C) was the first and most celebrated conviction under the Espionage Act of 1917
D) was convicted under the "clear and present danger" doctrine
E) led the Fifth Army in the Mediterranean during World War I

Question 38

What gave World War I its lasting character?

A) trench warfare
B) ethnic and racial hatred
C) fascism in Germany and Italy
D) the use of airplanes
E) the long stalemate that led to so few deaths

Question 39

On November 9, 1918, the German republic was proclaimed after:

A) the Battle of Verdun
B) Germany surrendered to U.S. forces
C) Adolf Hitler took power
D) the German Kaiser resigned
E) a great victory at Belleau Wood

Question 40

The Zimmermann telegram:

A) urged the Mexican government to invade the United States
B) announced Germany's decision to wage unrestricted submarine warfare
C) announced the addition of three countries to the Central Powers
D) caused the United States to break diplomatic relations with Germany
E) tipped off J. Edgar Hoover that Germans had infiltrated the FBI

Question 41

What was the virulent menace that Americans faced in the postwar period that caused more casualties than the war itself?

A) communism
B) socialism
C) the Spanish flu
D) the atomic bomb
E) the cholera outbreak

Question 42

To what did Wilson refer when he spoke of "the heart of the League"?

A) the League of Nations army, which would enforce peace
B) the Permanent Court of Justice, which would rule on international disputes
C) Article X, which would pledge members to consult on military and economic sanctions against aggressors
D) the Assembly, which would allow each League member an equal voice
E) the idea of a "moral compass held by God"

Question 43

Vittorio Orlando, prime minister of Italy, focused his efforts on:

A) defeating Russia
B) destroying the United States
C) Austria
D) surrendering Luxembourg
E) annexing Switzerland

Question 44

Wilson's Fourteen Points endorsed all of the following EXCEPT:

A) freedom of the seas
B) U.S. colonies in Africa and Asia
C) the creation of a "league" of nations
D) an end to secret treaties
E) removal of international trade barriers

Question 45

Despite the fact that the Great War generated many changes in female employment, these changes were:

A) for married women
B) only significant on the West Coast
C) for single women
D) for white women
E) limited and brief

Question 46

As a result of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia:

A) the country got its first democratic government
B) the country renewed its war effort against Germany
C) the country concluded a separate peace with Germany
D) the United States loaned Russia millions of dollars
E) the United States put thousands of Russian communist labor activists in jail in 1918

Question 47

Russian participation in World War I ended:

A) when Russia was defeated on the battlefield at the hands of the Germans
B) with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
C) when Russia threatened to withdraw from the League of Nations
D) with the Treaty of Versailles
E) when Stalin withdrew all Russian forces from Germany

Question 48

The French premier during World War I was:

A) David Lloyd George
B) Winston Churchill
C) Vittorio Orlando
D) Henry Cabot Lodge
E) Georges Clemenceau

Question 49

For violating the Espionage Act, Socialist leader Eugene Debs:

A) received a ten-year prison term
B) was beaten by an angry mob of patriots
C) was banned from future presidential campaigns
D) renounced socialism
E) was executed by a firing squad

Question 50

The German delegation at Versailles objected most bitterly to:

A) England's attempt to arrest a young politician named Adolf Hitler
B) the reparations to be paid to the United States
C) reparations for only civilian damages
D) France's attempt to kidnap the Kaiser
E) the war guilt clause

Question 51

In the case of Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court:

A) struck down as unconstitutional the Lever Act, which had created the Food and Fuel Administrations
B) upheld the conviction of a man who had circulated pamphlets against the draft
C) ruled that labor organizations as such did not fall under the jurisdiction of the War Industries Board
D) overturned the Espionage and Sedition Acts
E) said that Eugene Debs had been arrested and held without due process

Question 52

The turning point in World War I for the Allies was:

A) the Somme
B) a massive Allied offensive, which began on September 26, 1918
C) Vaux
D) Thierry
E) Calais

Question 53

During the midterm elections of 1918:

A) Democrats lost control of both houses of Congress
B) labor, eastern businessmen, and western farmers expressed support for Democratic policies
C) Republican victories in the South were offset by heavy losses in the Northeast
D) Wilson asked voters to elect progressive candidates of either party
E) Wilson angered Democrats by appointing Taft to the Peace Commission

Question 54

The U.S. military effort in France:

A) helped turn back several German offensives
B) had little if any significance
C) resulted in millions of American casualties
D) was commanded by Herbert Hoover
E) showed that small elite fighting forces were more effective than trench warfare

Question 55

The Treaty of Versailles did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) include a "war guilt" clause that blamed Germany for World War I
B) create new nations such as Poland and Yugoslavia
C) require Germany to pay reparations
D) transfer vast territories to France on Germany's west and to Poland on its east and north
E) require veterans' pensions to be paid by their home countries

Question 56

Under the Espionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 1918:

A) there were twenty-five prosecutions and ten convictions
B) speaking and writing against Germany and Italy became a crime
C) criticism of government leaders or war policies became a crime
D) censorship was aimed more at middle America than at socialists or other radicals
E) Milwaukee and other midwestern towns with large numbers of Germans were put under martial law

Question 57

The Spanish flu epidemic:

A) struck the United States in 1913
B) killed more than ten times the number of Americans that died of combat deaths in France
C) ended suddenly in 1914
D) killed almost half of Pershing's army in Mexico
E) was eradicated only after extensive changes to American water consumption

Question 58

All of these took place in 1917 EXCEPT:

A) the East St. Louis riots
B) the Bolshevik Revolution
C) the Espionage Act
D) the U.S. enters World War I
E) the Paris Peace Conference

Question 59

In negotiating with the Big Four over many postwar territorial issues, President Wilson:

A) remained true to his core values
B) only compromised when it benefited America
C) demanded that democratic states must be established
D) had to abandon his lofty principle of national self-determination
E) was embarrassed to admit that most Americans did not want the League

Question 60

Harry T. Burn is best associated with:

A) the Boston police strike of 1919
B) the Homestead strike of 1892
C) racial rioting during World War I
D) voting to approve the Nineteenth Amendment for Tennessee
E) the Haymarket affair

Question 61

Why did the reservationists and the irreconcilables oppose the Treaty of Versailles? How effective was their opposition?

Question 62

A race riot in which thirty-eight people were killed and over 500 injured took place in July 1919 in:

A) Albany, New York
B) Birmingham, Alabama
C) Cleveland, Ohio
D) Detroit, Michigan
E) Chicago, Illinois

Question 63

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Bernard Baruch

A)was Massachusetts governor at the time of the Boston police strike
B)was the U.S. attorney general that led the Red Scare
C)was Wilson's first secretary of state
D)was Wilson's second secretary of state
E)was the leading reservationist concerning the League of Nations
F)headed the Food Administration during World War I
G)headed the War Industries Board
H)was the Republican presidential candidate in 1916
I)was a World War I general
J)was jailed for encouraging draft resistance

Question 64

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Herbert Hoover

A)was Massachusetts governor at the time of the Boston police strike
B)was the U.S. attorney general that led the Red Scare
C)was Wilson's first secretary of state
D)was Wilson's second secretary of state
E)was the leading reservationist concerning the League of Nations
F)headed the Food Administration during World War I
G)headed the War Industries Board
H)was the Republican presidential candidate in 1916
I)was a World War I general
J)was jailed for encouraging draft resistance

Question 65

Detail the American "preparedness" movement during World War I.

Question 66

Describe the economic mobilization on the American home front.

Question 67

The Red Scare of 1919-1920 was directed against:

A) the Ku Klux Klan
B) blacks
C) labor unions
D) all Communists
E) Germans

Question 68

Trace America's attempt at neutrality prior to its entry into World War I.

Question 69

Discuss the economic transition from wartime production to peacetime consumerism immediately following World War I. How did organized labor adjust to these changes?

Question 70

The Red Scare of 1919-1920 reflected the:

A) massive steel strikes around Chicago and in western Pennsylvania
B) tremendous growth of the Socialist party during World War I
C) impact of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia on the United States as a wave of labor strikes and race riots spread
D) demobilization of the American army
E) bloody nature of the race riots

Question 71

Describe the election of 1916. Who were the major parties, and what were the significant issues in the campaign?

Question 72

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
William Jennings Bryan

A)was Massachusetts governor at the time of the Boston police strike
B)was the U.S. attorney general that led the Red Scare
C)was Wilson's first secretary of state
D)was Wilson's second secretary of state
E)was the leading reservationist concerning the League of Nations
F)headed the Food Administration during World War I
G)headed the War Industries Board
H)was the Republican presidential candidate in 1916
I)was a World War I general
J)was jailed for encouraging draft resistance

Question 73

One dramatic example of labor unrest in 1919 was a strike in:

A) Boston, Massachusetts
B) San Francisco, California
C) Seattle, Washington
D) Chicago, Illinois
E) Atlanta, Georgia

Question 74

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Eugene V. Debs

A)was Massachusetts governor at the time of the Boston police strike
B)was the U.S. attorney general that led the Red Scare
C)was Wilson's first secretary of state
D)was Wilson's second secretary of state
E)was the leading reservationist concerning the League of Nations
F)headed the Food Administration during World War I
G)headed the War Industries Board
H)was the Republican presidential candidate in 1916
I)was a World War I general
J)was jailed for encouraging draft resistance

Question 75

How and why were civil liberties curtailed during World War I? What was the effect of these curtailments?

Question 76

The 1919 police strike in Boston:

A) began when several officers protested their long hours and small pay by calling in sick
B) was settled when both sides agreed to submit to an arbitration panel
C) inadvertently launched a presidential career
D) launched the career of J. Edgar Hoover
E) led to the deaths of hundreds of illegal immigrants

Question 77

Why did America enter the war in Europe when it did? Why did it not enter before?

Question 78

Discuss the various initial American reactions to the start of World War I.

Question 79

Describe Wilson's Fourteen Points, discussing not only the details but the overall philosophy behind them as well.

Question 80

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Calvin Coolidge

A)was Massachusetts governor at the time of the Boston police strike
B)was the U.S. attorney general that led the Red Scare
C)was Wilson's first secretary of state
D)was Wilson's second secretary of state
E)was the leading reservationist concerning the League of Nations
F)headed the Food Administration during World War I
G)headed the War Industries Board
H)was the Republican presidential candidate in 1916
I)was a World War I general
J)was jailed for encouraging draft resistance