Deck 9: Nationalism and Sectionalism, 1815-1828

Question 1

The United States experienced a period of economic prosperity in the years after the War of 1812.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Following the expiration of the first Bank of the United States in 1811, state banks:

A) guaranteed a stable economy
B) issued an excess of paper money
C) minted their own gold and silver coins
D) were closely regulated by the federal government
E) cut way back on credit

Answer 2

issued an excess of paper money

Question 3

Support for the Tariff of 1816 came primarily from the South.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

During the 1820s, the tariff level generally declined.

Question 5

Which of the following opposed a national bank in 1816?

A) John C. Calhoun
B) Daniel Webster
C) Henry Clay
D) James Madison
E) John Quincy Adams

Question 6

The Bank of the United States quickly ended the Panic of 1819 by making credit more easily available.

Question 7

The National Road was a good example of an internal improvement because it was financed by the federal government.

Question 8

The Tariff of 1816 was intended to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) raise revenue
B) protect American industry
C) tax imports
D) promote economic independence
E) lower the price of British goods

Question 9

Langdon Cheves was president of the Second Bank of the United States.

Question 10

The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1826.

Question 11

The new Bank of the United States, created in 1816:

A) served as a depository for federal funds
B) was opposed by President Madison
C) was totally owned by the government
D) would be located in Washington, D.C.
E) would be forbidden to issue paper money

Question 12

Four presidential candidates received electoral votes in 1824.

Question 13

The "Era of Good Feelings" was marked by peace and prosperity.

Question 14

John C. Calhoun accepted the Tariff of 1816 because he:

A) saw it as a way to lessen the importance of slavery to southern planters
B) saw it as a means to protect slavery in the South
C) expected the South would become a manufacturing center
D) sympathized with New England shippers and southern farmers
E) argued that the Constitution required it

Question 15

The Monroe Doctrine was part of President Monroe's annual message to Congress.

Question 16

As a territory, Missouri had not allowed slavery.

Question 17

The democratization of politics resulted in half of free black men in northern states being eligible to vote.

Question 18

John Quincy Adams displayed superb political skills during his term as president.

Question 19

The Missouri Compromise was almost undone when Missouri put into its constitution a provision excluding free blacks and mulattoes.

Question 20

James Monroe was the first president from New York.

Question 21

The American System included support for all of the following policies EXCEPT:

A) high tariffs
B) free public schools
C) a national bank
D) internal improvements
E) high prices for western lands

Question 22

The first judicial ruling that declared a federal law to be unconstitutional came from:

A) McCulloch v. Maryland
B) Gibbons v. Ogden
C) Cohens v. Virginia
D) Dartmouth College v. Woodward
E) Marbury v. Madison

Question 23

In the early 1800s, the Supreme Court decisions associated with John Marshall consistently championed:

A) states' rights
B) a literal reading of the Constitution
C) national authority
D) Jeffersonian Republicanism
E) judicial supremacy

Question 24

The Supreme Court ruled that congressional power to regulate commerce "is complete in itself" and "may be exercised to its utmost extent" in:

A) Fletcher v. Peck
B) Gibbons v. Ogden
C) Dartmouth College v. Woodward
D) Cohens v. Virginia
E) McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 25

The Supreme Court in Gibbons v. Ogden settled a controversy over:

A) state-chartered colleges
B) voting rights
C) canal construction
D) federal land sales
E) steamboat commerce

Question 26

The secretary of state throughout James Monroe's presidency was:

A) John C. Calhoun
B) John Quincy Adams
C) Henry Clay
D) John Marshall
E) William Crawford

Question 27

The phrase "Era of Good Feelings" resulted from President Monroe's tour of:

A) New England
B) Canada
C) the West
D) Pennsylvania
E) the Deep South

Question 28

The idea of federal support for internal improvements:

A) was explicitly authorized by the Constitution
B) lost popularity due to the War of 1812
C) was represented by the construction of the National Road
D) was equally popular in all sections of the country
E) was one of Madison's key proposals in his reelection campaign

Question 29

The Missouri Compromise stipulated that in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30´:

A) slaves would become free at age 25
B) slavery would be excluded
C) majority rule would determine whether slavery would be legal
D) there would be no restrictions on slavery
E) free blacks could not become citizens

Question 30

In the first half of the nineteenth century, internal improvements:

A) finally became the responsibility of the national government
B) were supported mainly by people in the West
C) were supported mainly by people in New England and the South
D) were supported mainly by people who held to a strict interpretation of the Constitution
E) caused the national debt to skyrocket

Question 31

"This momentous question like a firebell in the night awakened and filled me with terror." Thomas Jefferson said this about the:

A) debate over the Missouri Compromise
B) Panic of 1819
C) case of Marbury v. Madison
D) Second Bank of the United States
E) possible abolition of slavery

Question 32

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Marshall court struck down that state's ability to tax:

A) imports
B) income
C) farmers
D) the national bank
E) private contracts

Question 33

The Panic of 1819 turned into a depression because:

A) cotton prices collapsed
B) international commerce slowed
C) banks failed
D) businessmen and speculators had recklessly borrowed money
E) the "whole Banking system" was "swindling on a large scale"

Question 34

The ruling in Dartmouth College v. Woodward related to:

A) monopoly law
B) the right to tax federal currency
C) constitutionality of a federal law
D) contract rights
E) interstate commerce

Question 35

James Monroe:

A) was the first president born after the Revolution
B) enthusiastically supported Madison's policies of economic nationalism
C) had limited political experience before becoming president
D) like Madison, was a Virginia Republican
E) suffered from alcoholism and bouts of depression

Question 36

Senator Thomas Hart Benton, in opposing the new Bank of the United States, spoke for the interests of:

A) New England merchants
B) Southern planters
C) the West
D) Old Republicans
E) economic nationalists

Question 37

The chief advocate for the program for economic development called the American System was:

A) Henry Clay
B) John Calhoun
C) Daniel Webster
D) James Monroe
E) James Madison

Question 38

The immediate cause of the Panic of 1819 was:

A) the flooding of the American market with cheap British goods
B) the collapse of the Bank of the United States
C) the Transcontinental Treaty of 1819
D) the difficulty of obtaining credit
E) a sudden collapse of cotton prices

Question 39

The Rush-Bagot Agreement:

A) settled the boundary dispute with Florida
B) was a formal treaty dealing with trade with the British West Indies
C) ended naval competition on the Great Lakes by limiting naval forces there
D) dealt with fishing rights off Newfoundland
E) allowed more British to immigrate to the United States

Question 40

Missouri's admission to the Union as a slave state was balanced by the admission of the free state of:

A) Maine
B) Ohio
C) Vermont
D) Minnesota
E) Wisconsin

Question 41

Andrew Jackson:

A) was elected to the U.S. Senate from Tennessee in 1823
B) served as President Monroe's secretary of state
C) supported a national bank
D) worked hard to revive the Federalist party
E) was an advocate of protective tariffs

Question 42

One of Jackson's greatest personal vulnerabilities in the 1828 campaign was:

A) his reputation as a cruel slave master
B) charges that he was a coward
C) the scandal surrounding his marriage
D) his large amount of wealth
E) his lack of conviction

Question 43

Andrew Jackson led American troops into Florida in 1818:

A) to recapture runaway slaves
B) to collect debts owed to the United States by Spain
C) in pursuit of hostile Seminoles
D) to acquire a port on the Gulf coast
E) to further his personal political ambitions

Question 44

The 1824 election was ultimately decided by:

A) the Electoral College
B) popular vote
C) a Supreme Court ruling
D) the House of Representatives
E) the stance of the candidates on the major issues

Question 45

The 1828 presidential campaign was dominated by:

A) record levels of campaign spending
B) debate over tariff policy
C) vicious personal attacks
D) public concerns over foreign policy
E) controversy over foreign immigration

Question 46

As president, which of the following did Adams NOT propose?

A) to support internal improvements
B) to create a Department of the Interior
C) to establish a national university
D) to promote science
E) to create a new national bank

Question 47

In Latin America by the early 1820s:

A) Spain had lost nearly all its colonies
B) Russia was expanding its influence
C) Britain was aggressively acquiring new colonies
D) American missionaries were becoming more active
E) Argentina and Mexico were becoming world powers

Question 48

Which of the following statements is NOT true of Andrew Jackson?

A) was the last president born of the Revolutionary generation
B) was wounded in duels
C) was a frontier attorney in Nashville, Tennessee
D) had moral reservations about the institution of slavery although he owned more than 100 slaves
E) married Rachel Robards, who was not divorced from her husband at the time

Question 49

One of John Quincy Adams's major shortcomings as president was his lack of:

A) intellect
B) experience
C) ideas for the nation's future
D) personal energy
E) political skills

Question 50

In 1825, Florida belonged to:

A) France
B) Great Britain
C) Spain
D) the United States
E) the Seminoles

Question 51

In 1819, Spain decided to take the following stand concerning its claim to the Oregon Country:

A) abandon its claim above the 42nd parallel
B) abandon all claims to lands west of the Rockies
C) insist it still owned all the land above the 42nd parallel
D) give its claim to above the 42nd parallel to France
E) increase its military presence in the Pacific Northwest

Question 52

The "corrupt bargain" in the election of 1824 referred to:

A) the widespread purchase of votes in several states
B) the belief that Clay supported Adams in return for becoming secretary of state
C) the blatant miscounting of ballots in the Electoral College
D) Jackson's promise to make Calhoun his vice president
E) Jackson's belief that the Constitution had been disregarded

Question 53

The four major points of the Monroe Doctrine contained all of the following EXCEPT:

A) that "the American continents…are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers"
B) the United States would consider European intervention in South America to be an act of war
C) the United States would consider European intervention in the Western Hemisphere to be a threat to its "peace and safety"
D) the United States would not interfere with existing European colonies in the Americas
E) the United States would stay out of the international affairs of European nations

Question 54

The Tariff of 1828:

A) was once again opposed by Daniel Webster
B) showed Calhoun's continued devotion to nationalism
C) lowered tariffs dramatically over President Adams's objections
D) boosted the presidential hopes of Jackson
E) caused the breakup of the Republican party

Question 55

The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was published in response to the:

A) election of 1824
B) Tariff of 1828
C) Missouri Compromise
D) Second Bank of the United States
E) Panic of 1819

Question 56

All of the following were presidential candidates in 1824 EXCEPT:

A) Andrew Jackson
B) William Crawford
C) John C. Calhoun
D) John Quincy Adams
E) Henry Clay

Question 57

One notable thing about the 1820 presidential election was:

A) Monroe's defeat for a second term
B) how close it was in the Electoral College
C) the rise of a powerful third party
D) Monroe's refusal to publicly campaign
E) the disappearance of the Federalists

Question 58

The Transcontinental Treaty of 1819:

A) was negotiated by John C. Calhoun
B) strengthened the U.S. claim to Texas
C) brought permanent peace with Britain
D) extended the boundary of Louisiana to the Pacific
E) recognized Spanish control of Florida

Question 59

The Convention of 1818 did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) settle the northern limit of the Louisiana Purchase
B) open Oregon to joint occupation by the United States and Great Britain
C) return control of the Southwest to Spain
D) acknowledge the right of Americans to fish off Newfoundland and Labrador
E) settle several points of contention between the United States and Britain

Question 60

The most important factor behind U.S. acquisition of Florida in 1819 was:

A) Spain's need for money
B) President Monroe's invasion threat
C) Andrew Jackson's incursion in pursuit of the Seminoles
D) John Quincy Adams's diplomatic ability
E) Spain's determination to keep Florida from the British

Question 61

Following the War of 1812, political positions shifted with Republicans supporting many former Federalist ideas, like the banks, and Federalists supporting former Republican programs. Discuss this phenomenon.

Question 62

What factors led to the decline of the first party system?

Question 63

What led to the development of the Monroe Doctrine, and how did President Monroe transmit his ideas to the American people?

Question 64

Working men's parties:

A) were devoted to promoting the interest of laborers
B) concentrated on making labor unions a part of the American political landscape
C) promoted temperance and the role of men in ensuring family stability
D) were a constant presence in the political arena for the entirety of the industrialized nineteenth century
E) never found legitimacy despite their representation of the Jacksonian ideal of the "common man"

Question 65

Although there was much resistance to the First Bank of the United States, by the end of the War of 1812, there was significant support for chartering a successor bank. Examine this development.

Question 66

How might one account for the rise of Andrew Jackson to victory in the election of 1828?

Question 67

Detail the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Discuss the various obstacles that needed to be solved in order to complete the deal.

Question 68

In what ways might the foreign policy of this period be called nationalistic?

Question 69

In the presidential election of 1828:

A) John C. Calhoun won the South but lost in New England
B) John C. Calhoun won New England but lost in the South
C) most of Andrew Jackson's support was in New England
D) Adams won all of New England except for one of Maine's nine electoral votes
E) Jackson carried every state

Question 70

In this new political era, Jackson had a tremendous advantage because of his:

A) rise from common origins
B) aristocratic manners
C) patriotism
D) eloquence as a speaker
E) clear stance on the issues

Question 71

Discuss the election of 1824. Be sure to include all of the candidates, details of the campaign itself, the outcome, and the political controversy after the election.

Question 72

Contrast the expressions of nationalism and sectionalism in the period from 1815 to 1828, and explain which force was dominant in that period.

Question 73

Which of the following statements about Jackson's election in 1828 is NOT true?

A) He won with well over the 50 percent popular vote threshold.
B) More than twice as many men voted in 1828 as in 1824.
C) He entered office promising to restore government to the people and remove power from the hands of the eastern elite.
D) He was obsessed with the idea of punishing his political enemies.
E) He ran on the platform of removing Indians to western territories.

Question 74

By the 1820s, the right to vote had generally been extended to:

A) women
B) adult white males
C) Indians
D) freed slaves
E) educated blacks

Question 75

Much has been made of the "corrupt bargain." Explain the events in question and discuss the merits of such a deal.

Question 76

Discuss the causes and results of the Panic of 1819.

Question 77

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
John Q. Adams

A)was a nationalist chief justice
B)was an advocate of compromise as an effective political tool
C)won the second most popular votes in the 1824 presidential election
D)was president at the end of the War of 1812
E)wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest
F)introduced amendment to ban slavery from Missouri
G)led the war against the Seminoles in Florida
H)was the presidential candidate in 1824 from Georgia
I)presided over the "Era of Good Feelings"
J)was the Massachusetts senator who favored a protective tariff in 1828

Question 78

Discuss the concept of the "Era of Good Feelings," paying particular attention to the state of the nation after the War of 1812.

Question 79

Examine the factors contributing to the rise of Jacksonian democracy.

Question 80

In what ways did the Supreme Court act as a force for nationalism in this period?