Deck 10: The Jacksonian Era, 1828-1840

Question 1

In the midst of the nullification crisis, John C. Calhoun resigned as vice president.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Most Whigs were states' rights advocates.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Martin Van Buren opposed the establishment of an Independent Treasury.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Osceola led the Seminole resistance to their removal from their lands.

Question 5

Alexis de Tocqueville, a Frenchman traveling through the United States in the 1830s, claimed that "the only pleasure an American knows" was:

A) business
B) alcohol
C) money
D) politics
E) boxing

Question 6

George Fitzhugh opposed Jackson's democratic ideals, saying that in every society, "some were born with saddles on their backs, and others booted and spurred to ride them."

Question 7

During Jackson's presidency, the national debt grew smaller until it was paid off entirely in 1835.

Question 8

Andrew Jackson was the most politically involved president up to that point in history.

Question 9

The Distribution Act provided for each veteran of the War of 1812 to receive 360 acres of land in the West.

Question 10

Henry Clay was Andrew Jackson's second vice president.

Question 11

Anti-democratic voices freely acknowledged that democracy was incompatible with:

A) intelligence
B) slavery
C) informed political participation
D) a successful republic
E) the natural order

Question 12

During the Jacksonian era, and for the first time in American political history:

A) a president assumed his position to be superior to that of Congress
B) Whigs won a majority in Congress
C) a third-party candidate finished second in a presidential contest
D) a state effectively nullified a federal law
E) black men in some northern states were permitted to vote for president

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the growth of democracy during the Jacksonian era is true?

A) Land ownership guaranteed a person's right to political participation.
B) Race had less meaning as a national voting qualification than it had during Jefferson's time.
C) Women were commonly voting in state and local elections, but not yet in national races.
D) Politics was no longer the realm of the prominent and wealthy.
E) While Jackson touted democratic gains, the reality was greater restriction.

Question 14

Jacksonian democracy involved the extension of voting rights to blacks, Indians, and women.

Question 15

The Whig presidential candidate in 1840, William Henry Harrison, was the hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Question 16

John C. Calhoun represented South Carolina.

Question 17

Which of the following statements was NOT true of Jackson's inauguration?

A) A drunken mob destroyed White House furnishings.
B) Jackson was taken to a nearby home for his protection.
C) Jackson was still in mourning for his dead wife.
D) The city was overrun by "King Mob."
E) There was widespread political violence after the inauguration.

Question 18

President Jackson's response to the nullification crisis was to ask Congress to raise the tariff.

Question 19

The Cherokee Indians were forced westward on the route that came to be known as the Trail of Tears.

Question 20

Jackson's inauguration was so raucous that he was spirited away from the festivities for his own safety.

Question 21

The proposed Maysville Road:

A) would be entirely in Kentucky
B) revealed Jackson's consistent opposition to road building
C) spurred the rise of a western textile industry
D) was clearly permissible under the Constitution
E) was opposed by Calhoun and Clay

Question 22

Jackson's veto of the Maysville Road Bill demonstrated his:

A) belief that the federal government should not fund purely local projects
B) belief that the federal government should assist states with internal improvements projects
C) tremendous respect for Henry Clay
D) initial support for John C. Calhoun's policies
E) lack of interest in western economic development

Question 23

The Indian Removal Act of 1830:

A) allowed Indians who wished to become American citizens to remain on their homeland
B) became law after Congress overrode Jackson's veto
C) proposed moving Indian tribes to areas west of the Mississippi River
D) contained loopholes designed to exclude peaceful Indians from removal
E) showed Jackson's willingness to pursue policies that might hurt his popularity

Question 24

Martin Van Buren was known as the "Great Magician" due to his:

A) miraculous election as president in 1836
B) skill as a professional politician
C) ability to get the country out of a depression
D) success in building the Whig coalition
E) seeming ability to read the mind of Jackson

Question 25

As a result of the Eaton affair:

A) John C. Calhoun became an outspoken advocate of nullification
B) both John Eaton and Martin Van Buren left the cabinet
C) Floride Calhoun was forbidden to attend White House functions
D) John Eaton and John C. Calhoun were fired
E) Jackson became less sympathetic toward women

Question 26

The Indian chief who resisted federal policy in Illinois and Wisconsin was:

A) Osceola
B) Tecumseh
C) Hiawatha
D) Black Hawk
E) Sitting Bull

Question 27

Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition and Protest:

A) powerfully defended slavery
B) argued that states could nullify federal legislation
C) announced Calhoun's resignation as vice president
D) showed that Calhoun no longer supported the Union
E) protested Jackson's excessive use of power

Question 28

The Eaton affair revealed:

A) Jackson's insensitivity toward women
B) Jackson's tendency to favor Calhoun over Van Buren
C) the destructive gossip of the Washington social scene
D) Jackson's willingness to take the political advice of women
E) the increasing equality of women

Question 29

Jackson viewed the Bank of the United States as:

A) a valued source of credit for small farmers
B) a "monster" that served the interests of a wealthy few
C) necessary for issuing paper money that stabilized the economy
D) justified by the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution
E) a source of national unity because it served the whole country

Question 30

In Worcester v. Georgia, the Marshall court:

A) backed states' rights over federal authority
B) forced Jackson to protect Cherokee land titles
C) supported Georgia's control of all lands in its boundaries
D) ordered the relocation of the Cherokees to the West
E) took the side of the Cherokees

Question 31

The Webster-Hayne debate is best remembered for:

A) its ultimate effect on federal land policy
B) Hayne's outspoken defense of slavery
C) Webster's eloquent defense of the Union
D) the riot it provoked on the floor of the Senate
E) its negative effect on Jackson's popularity

Question 32

President Jackson's policy toward Indians could best be described as one of:

A) extermination
B) salutary neglect
C) integration
D) removal
E) paternalism

Question 33

The Trail of Tears resulted in:

A) a sad but uneventful transfer of Indians to Oklahoma
B) the death of thousands of Indians
C) Jackson's change of heart about Indian removal
D) the complete eradication of the Creeks and Seminoles
E) Jackson's diminished popularity in the South and West

Question 34

In the Webster-Hayne debate, Robert Y. Hayne argued that:

A) within its jurisdiction, the Supreme Court's authority was "full and complete"
B) the Union was created by a compact of the states
C) Congress had no right to pass tariffs to raise revenue
D) the northern and southern states had to unite against the West on issues involving public lands
E) slavery was divinely approved

Question 35

Martin Van Buren resigned from Jackson's cabinet:

A) in order to give the president a clear path to replace the entire cabinet
B) in order to challenge Jackson for the presidency in 1832
C) because he did not want to be viewed as competition for the president
D) for financial reasons
E) in order to be Henry Clay's vice presidential running mate

Question 36

When Congress rechartered the Bank of the United States in 1832:

A) the economy went into a depression
B) Jackson made Nicholas Biddle its new director
C) Western farmers revolted in anger
D) Jackson vetoed the recharter
E) Jackson announced plans to nationalize it

Question 37

Which of the following figures opposed federal funding of internal improvements?

A) John C. Calhoun
B) John Quincy Adams
C) Henry Clay
D) Andrew Jackson
E) Andrew Johnson

Question 38

Which of the following statements was NOT true of the Second Bank of the United States?

A) became the largest corporation in the United States
B) disbursed payments for federal debts
C) was exclusively supported by the federal government
D) held all federal funds
E) had twenty-nine branches spread across the United States

Question 39

Jackson declared his opposition to nullification:

A) in a series of newspaper articles
B) during a dramatic speech to Congress
C) in a meeting with his cabinet
D) only in private conversations
E) in his toast at a Jefferson Day dinner

Question 40

President Jackson's attitude toward the Supreme Court's decision in Worcester v. Georgia was:

A) elation
B) sadness
C) acquiescence
D) defiance
E) nonconcern

Question 41

What federal law(s) did South Carolina nullify?

A) Marbury v. Madison
B) the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832
C) Indian Removal Act
D) the Monroe Doctrine
E) the fugitive slave law

Question 42

A tariff passed by Congress in 1832:

A) lowered duties on some items
B) was vetoed by Jackson
C) ended talk of nullification
D) was intended strictly to raise revenue
E) was ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court

Question 43

Which of the following statements about Martin Van Buren is NOT true?

A) called the "Little Magician" because of his political skill
B) was Jackson's closest adviser and a dedicated ally
C) enjoyed a strong economy during his single term as president
D) played a major role in the destruction of Calhoun's presidential ambitions
E) had been Jackson's first secretary of state

Question 44

The attempt to censor the mail revolved around which issue?

A) tariffs
B) western land claims
C) slavery
D) Indian threats
E) South Carolina's nullification

Question 45

In his fight against Jackson to save the B.U.S., Biddle:

A) initiated a national financial crisis
B) appealed to Jackson directly to change his impression of the bank
C) agreed to accept state currency
D) set up "pet banks" on behalf of the Jackson administration
E) nearly destroyed the Democratic party

Question 46

Least likely to become Whigs would be:

A) admirers of Henry Clay
B) economic nationalists
C) social reformers, such as abolitionists
D) southern planters
E) German and Irish Catholics

Question 47

Pet banks were:

A) state banks that received federal government deposits
B) allowed to issue notes that were not covered by specie reserves
C) those established by Jackson's executive order in 1829
D) chartered in 1832 for the express purpose of handling foreign investments
E) banks owned by Jackson's biggest political cronies

Question 48

The Specie Circular:

A) paid off the national debt
B) gave excess federal money to the states
C) required gold or silver payment for public lands
D) outlawed paper currency
E) stabilized the economy for the rest of the 1830s

Question 49

After his reelection, Jackson moved to destroy the Bank of the United States by:

A) firing its director
B) withdrawing its federal deposits
C) getting the Supreme Court to declare it unconstitutional
D) selling its stock to private investors
E) opening new state banks

Question 50

Jackson's efforts to kill the bank resulted in:

A) a vote in the Senate that nearly removed him from office
B) a global recession
C) the first assassination attempt of a sitting president in American history
D) the removal of his secretary of the Treasury
E) American industry's abandonment of their factories

Question 51

The Anti-Masonic party was the first to:

A) nominate a Catholic for president
B) endorse violence as a legitimate political tactic
C) carry several states in its first election
D) call for a total halt to immigration
E) hold a national nomination convention

Question 52

All of the following factors contributed to the Panic of 1837 EXCEPT the:

A) withdrawal of European investments
B) failure of the 1836 wheat crop
C) tariff of 1835, which had lowered duties to dangerous levels
D) depression in Britain
E) wave of failures of state banks

Question 53

After the Panic of 1837, working-class Americans could expect all of the following EXCEPT:

A) government assistance
B) massive joblessness
C) wage cuts
D) high prices for food and clothes
E) numerous bank failures

Question 54

The compromise tariff that ended the nullification crisis was authored by:

A) Martin Van Buren
B) Thomas Hart Benton
C) Henry Clay
D) John C. Calhoun
E) Daniel Webster

Question 55

Jackson's opponents called themselves Whigs to:

A) express their admiration for the British political system
B) state their belief in complete human freedom
C) confuse voters about their true political objectives
D) denounce what they saw as Jackson's tyrannical qualities
E) distinguish themselves from the National Republicans

Question 56

All of the following were presidential candidates in 1836 EXCEPT:

A) Daniel Webster
B) Martin Van Buren
C) Hugh Lawson White
D) William Henry Harrison
E) Andrew Jackson

Question 57

The one thing that united all members of the new Whig party was opposition to:

A) the Bank of the United States
B) Andrew Jackson
C) internal improvements
D) high protective tariffs
E) money backed by gold and silver

Question 58

Which of the following statements was NOT true of the 1832 presidential election?

A) Whigs were largely bankrolled by Nicholas Biddle's B.U.S.
B) Democrats depended on Jackson's popularity to secure a victory
C) the Democratic party did not adopt a platform
D) Democrats had their first nominating convention
E) Henry Clay doubted his ability to defeat Jackson

Question 59

All of the following were prominent Whig politicians EXCEPT:

A) Martin Van Buren
B) Henry Clay
C) Daniel Webster
D) William Henry Harrison
E) John Tyler

Question 60

In response to South Carolina's tariff nullification, Jackson:

A) said South Carolina was free to leave the Union
B) privately threatened to hang Calhoun
C) backed down by telling Congress to repeal the tariff
D) was unusually indecisive
E) declared South Carolina in a state of rebellion

Question 61

Examine the role of violence in Andrew Jackson's life and how he incorporated that into his presidency.

Question 62

Ultimately, the Jackson presidency was revolutionary. Discuss the major political changes brought about by Jackson's administration.

Question 63

Why was the banking controversy so important in the 1830s? What actions did Jackson take toward the B.U.S.? Why?

Question 64

The Eaton affair divided Jackson's cabinet. Discuss the events in question, paying particular attention to Jackson's handling of them.

Question 65

The Independent Treasury Act provoked opposition from:

A) Whigs and conservative Democrats
B) National Republicans and Whigs
C) moderate Democrats and Whigs
D) liberal Democrats and Whigs
E) Van Buren Democrats

Question 66

How did Jackson's early life shape his development into adulthood?

Question 67

Discuss the diverse coalition of the Whigs. What were the major characteristics of "Whiggery"?

Question 68

William Henry Harrison:

A) was a leader of the states' rights wing of the Whigs
B) was known as the "Little Magician"
C) had defeated the Shawnees at Tippecanoe
D) directed the Bank of the United States until Jackson destroyed it
E) like Jackson, was born in frontier poverty

Question 69

Discuss Jackson's vision of American democracy and how that vision related directly to his own political power.

Question 70

The Tariff of 1828 proved to be the impetus behind the entire nullification controversy. Examine the process that brought this about.

Question 71

Discuss President Jackson's Indian policy. How did Indians fare under his administration?

Question 72

How long did the economic calamity that destroyed Van Buren's presidency last?

A) twelve years
B) until the end of Van Buren's term
C) seven years
D) it was very brief, but deeply destructive
E) three years

Question 73

Describe the election of 1832. What were the major political parties, and what were the significant issues involved in the campaign? What was the outcome?

Question 74

What were the causes and results of the Panic of 1837? What impact did this economic crisis have on the Van Buren administration?

Question 75

Trace the rift between Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun. Be sure to include both policy and personal differences that strained their relationship.

Question 76

How might the insults lobbed at Andrew Jackson's wife during the 1828 campaign have influenced how he dealt with the Peggy Eaton controversy?

Question 77

One undebatable fact about the Jacksonian era is:

A) Jackson's sincere commitment to equality for all Americans
B) the wisdom of Jackson's destruction of the "monster" bank
C) Jackson's place as one of the greatest presidents in American history
D) the dramatic increase in voter participation by 1840
E) the degree that common men lessened the power of elites

Question 78

Discuss Jackson's idea of personal politics, to include the death of his wife shortly after his 1828 electoral victory and his destruction of the B.U.S.

Question 79

In the 1840 campaign, the Whigs:

A) nominated Henry Clay
B) explained in detail how they would fight the depression
C) adopted a catchy campaign slogan
D) lost in a close election
E) failed to use campaign techniques like those of the Democrats

Question 80

Describe the new party system that emerged in the 1830s.