Deck 3: A History of Usfamilies With a Focus on African Americans

Question 1

Prior to the Civil War what proportion of African Americans were slaves?

A)100%
B)90%
C)60%
D)40%

Answer 1

B

Question 2

During slavery,slaves were viewed as property by the legal system.They had no legal rights

A)except they had the legal right to marry if their owner approved.
B)and they were not allowed to legally marry.
C)but married slaves could not be forced to have sex with a slave owner.
D)but slave owners could not separate slave children from their mothers until they reached the age of 15.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following groups constitutes the largest non-white racial ethnic group in the United States?

A)African Americans
B)Hispanic Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)Native Americans

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What proportion of African Americans were free during the slavery era?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 5

According to 2007 Census data,African Americans comprise about 12.3% of the U.S.population.Which of the following statements is true?

A)This is the largest proportion in our history.
B)The proportion of African Americans has remained almost the same from the late 1700's to the present.
C)This is smaller than the proportion of African Americans prior to the Civil War.
D)Since slaves were not counted in the census,we do not know how many African Americans lived in the U.S.before the Civil War.

Question 6

Scholars disagree about the extended family system found among African American slaves.While some agree with Angela Davis that it was a functional adaptation to the disruptions of slavery,other contend that

A)the slaves really maintained nuclear families throughout the historical period of slavery.
B)the slaves maintained extended family systems similar to those in West Africa from which they had been taken.
C)we have too little data to document the existence of a true extended family system.
D)slaves were treated as individuals so they were unable to maintain any family system.

Question 7

During the historical period of slavery,approximately _____ percent of Southern whites owned one or more slaves.

A)90%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%

Question 8

Third Wave feminism focuses on

A)a generalized concept of women; what all women have in common.
B)getting the Equal Rights Amendment passed.
C)the differences among women and their experiences.
D)work-related issues instead of the family-related issues of the First Wave.

Question 9

Historians have debated whether President Thomas Jefferson had sexual relations with one of his slaves,Sally Hemings,and produced slave children by her.Textbook author Judy Aulette concluded that

A)the accusations were false and were promoted by political enemies of Jefferson.
B)the DNA evidence supports the assertion that at least one of Sally Hemings children was fathered by Jefferson.
C)we will probably never know because there is no real evidence,just rumors.
D)Jefferson loved his wife too much to have an affair with anyone much less with a slave.

Question 10

The ritual of "jumping the broom" refers to ...

A)the act of slaves running away from the plantation.
B)a secret code used by the Underground Railroad to warn runaways of search parties.
C)resistance to Jim Crow laws in which African Americans ignored "whites only" signs.
D)the practice of a slave couple jumping over a broom as a symbol of their commitment to one another regardless of their legal right to marry.

Question 11

An "abroadwife" was the name given to ...

A)plantation owners' wives because they frequently traveled to Europe.
B)slave women who lived on different plantations than their husbands.
C)slave women who were allowed to legally marry their husbands.
D)African American women who were married during the sharecropping period.

Question 12

In comparing the Euro-American (white)middle-class women and the African-American slave women in the nineteenth century,Aulette concludes that the assignment of family work including cooking,child care,cleaning,etc

A)diminished the internal community power and leadership of both the Euro-American and African-American women.
B)enhanced the internal community power and leadership of the Euro-American women but diminished it for the African-American women.
C)enhanced the internal community power and leadership of the African-American women but diminished it for the Euro-American women.
D)enhanced the internal community power and leadership of both the Euro-American and African-American women.

Question 13

According to the Aulette textbook,the history of the African Americans can be traced through four historical periods including all of the following EXCEPT:

A)sharecropping era.
B)industrialization era.
C)the Civil War era.
D)the New South or post-Civil Rights era.

Question 14

Lacking the large,lucrative cotton plantations of the Deep South,slave owners in the border states developed an industry of using slaves for

A)tobacco farming.
B)semi-skilled and skilled crafts.
C)the production of children slaves.
D)unskilled factory work.

Question 15

After laws were passed in 1807 making the importation of slaves illegal,

A)slavers continued to smuggle new slaves from Africa into the American South often bribing officials to ignore violations of the law.
B)African American women in the deep South with large,cotton plantations were required to bear large numbers of children.
C)African American women in border states without large cotton plantations were required to bear large numbers of children.
D)plantation owners increasingly used the labor of poorly-paid whites.

Question 16

What were the two most common reasons that prompted slaves to run away?

A)Resentment over punishment and to find relatives.
B)To marry a person of one's own choice and to get more to eat.
C)To seek freedom in the north and to try to return to Africa.
D)The work was too hard and to escape sexual abuse.

Question 17

The ancestors of many African Americans came from West African societies.All of the following describe the families in these societies EXCEPT:

A)Nuclear families who predominately live in separate households.
B)The concept of family includes many people who may not live in the same household.
C)Extended kin are thought of and treated as family instead of limiting family to nuclear families.
D)Includes as family many people who may not be related by blood but who may be incorporated into a family through informal adoption and foster care.

Question 18

The work of African American scholar Angela Davis indicates that the dominant family organization among slaves was

A)a nuclear family consisting of a husband,wife and children.
B)an extended family consisting of a woman,her adult daughters and their children.
C)an extended family consisting of both kin and close friends.
D)a nuclear family consisting of a woman and her children.

Question 19

To reduce the number of runaway slaves and slave rebellions,South Carolina passed a law requiring plantation owners to

A)feed slaves more adequately.
B)allow slaves to marry.
C)keep slave children with their parents until they were 16.
D)search slave quarters for runaways and weapons every two weeks.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the legal relationship between slave parents and their children?

A)Children could not be sold away from their parents until they were seven years of age.
B)Children could not be sold away from their parents until they were 13 years of age.
C)Children could not be sold until they were adults at age 18 unless they were sold together with their mother.
D)Slave parents had no legal rights regarding their children who could be sold away from them at anytime.

Question 21

Jim Crow laws refer to

A)the legally required segregation of blacks and whites in the South.
B)legal requirements once forcing Native Americans to live on reservations.
C)the few legal rights given to slaves.
D)the popular label given the Civil Rights Act of 1963.

Question 22

What was the result of the 1847-1848 War with Mexico?

A)Texas was annexed from Mexico into the United States.
B)The residents of California and Texas voted to secede from Mexico and join the United States.
C)The U.S.purchased about half of Mexico,including the land that now comprises Texas,Arizona,New Mexico,California,and Colorado.
D)Spain (representing Mexico)and the United States divided territory not previously claimed by European colonizing countries and ignored the property rights of the Native American residents.

Question 23

Native Americans were moved to isolated reservations,but their children were sent to schools off the reservation because

A)Native American parents believed this was the best way for their children to gain an education.
B)the school system wanted Native American children to be educated together in order to allow them to retain their culture.
C)the government wanted to eliminate the Native American culture and replace it with the values of the Anglo American society.
D)of the need for economic efficiency since the families were so scattered.

Question 24

What was the difference between the childbearing rates of black women in the border states and black women in the lower South?

A)Women in the border states gave birth to more children than those in the lower South.
B)Women in the border states gave birth to fewer children than those in the lower South.
C)Women in both places had about the same,unusually-high birth rates.
D)Women in both places had about the same,unusually-low birth rates

Question 25

Under the sharecropping system,landowners

A)required African American women and children to work in the fields.
B)forbid African American women and children from working in the fields so women could do household work and children could go to school.
C)required African American children to work in the fields but forbid women from helping in the fields so women could do their household work and take care of large vegetable gardens.
D)paid a small wage to the male head of the family for the family's work.

Question 26

The impact of the Great Migration meant that African American men moved from ______________ and African American women moved from _______________.

A)South to North ...Rural South to Urban South.
B)agricultural work to manufacturing work ...agricultural work to domestic work.
C)agricultural work to manufacturing work ...working for wages to being full-time housewives.
D)factory work to self-employment ...self-employment to factory work.

Question 27

The end of slavery and the development of sharecropping

A)had little effect on the family organization of African Americans.
B)created a shift in power between African American women and men that benefited women.
C)created a shift in power between African American women and men that benefited men.
D)changed the African American family organization to an extended family similar to what their ancestors had practiced in West Africa.

Question 28

Japanese American women and men in the United States became live-in domestic help for whites in large numbers between 1910 and 1930 because

A)their entire family could live and work together in an apartment provided by the employer.
B)immigration rules limited the types of jobs they could hold.
C)of race and gender discrimination in factory employment.
D)the free housing allowed them to save money.

Question 29

During the period of Reconstruction in the South after the Civil War,former slave owners re-enslaved African Americans under the age of 21 through

A)legal quasi-adoption of orphans and other children whose parents could not care for them.
B)indentured servitude if their parents were not legally married or were declared as not employing the children in honest industrious occupations.
C)legal guardianship by declaring parents "unfit" often without any evidence supporting the claim.
D)labeling it a substitution for payments of the debts of their parents.

Question 30

Historians and sociologists cited in Aulette differ in their explanations of the decrease of equality between men and women as African American families moved from slavery to sharecropping.Some suggest that men were attempting to vindicate their manhood by asserting authority over women.Others suggest that ...

A)the seclusion of women in nuclear families with men handling the direct contact with white landowners and merchants was a strategy to protect women from a real threat.
B)the families were merely imitating what they saw in white families and following the norms of Anglo culture.
C)patriarchy is the natural order of things and will happen in the absence of inhibiting factors such as slavery.
D)the claim is a myth and African American families maintained equality.

Question 31

The slave women in the Deep South had lower birth rates than those in the border states because

A)they secretly used birth control herbs.
B)periodic epidemics caused sterility.
C)they were worked so hard they were less able to bear children.
D)stronger religious beliefs reduced sexual activity.

Question 32

The basic unit of labor under slavery was the ________.The basic unit of labor under sharecropping was the ________.

A)nuclear family ...individual.
B)individual ...nuclear family.
C)individual ...individual
D)extended family ...nuclear family

Question 33

Which form of family organization became dominant among African American sharecroppers after the Civil War?

A)Extended-family households.
B)Nuclear families.
C)Transitional cohabitation.
D)Single-parent families.

Question 34

Around 1880 the U.S.Government developed a policy "to obliterate the cultural heritage of Native Americans and to replace it with the values of Anglo-American society." The key strategy to accomplish this was

A)extermination through massacres,starvation and deliberate infections of disease.
B)to remove children from their tribal homes and families and place them in far-way boarding schools so that they did not see their families for several years.
C)government-supported missions on every reservation,required religious conversion to Christianity,and prohibitions against speaking native languages and engaging in cultural practices,rituals or traditions.
D)none of the above -- the federal government officials predicted that the Native Americans would voluntarily give up their native culture for the superior Anglo culture.

Question 35

The Great Migration between 1910 and 1930 refers to African Americans moving from

A)the South to the North.
B)plantations to individuals farms.
C)the United States to Africa.
D)manufacturing jobs to domestic jobs.

Question 36

Interviews with African-American women during the sharecropping era revealed that they

A)became full-time homemakers and left the fieldwork and paid employment to men.
B)wanted to work full-time either in the field and as domestics for white employers to make money and improve the living standard of their families.
C)were pressured against their will by the white community to work more in the field and to take low-paid employment doing domestic work for white families.
D)refused to do fieldwork which they defined as men's work and sought part-time work as domestics to earn income.

Question 37

African American sharecropping families were likely to be

A)male-dominated nuclear families.
B)female-dominated nuclear families.
C)split families with men working on plantations far away from their wives and children.
D)matriarchal extended families.

Question 38

The change from slavery to sharecropping among African American families

A)provided economic benefits so that children could attend school and enjoy economic mobility.
B)prompted the end of racial discrimination.
C)diminished the equality between men and women found in slavery.
D)allowed African Americans to buy the land they worked with sharecropping payments.

Question 39

Industrialization of the South and the growing demands for factory laborers

A)brought African American women and men from agricultural into manufacturing jobs.
B)brought African American men into the factories but barred African American women from that work.
C)pulled African American women out of their jobs as maids and into the factories.
D)pulled whites into factory jobs but left African American women and men in the fields.

Question 40

The Underground Railroad was

A)a large international network of black and white people who smuggled slaves out of the South before the Civil War.
B)the first subway in New York City which was built by an African American.
C)the segregated,crowded and dingy railroad cars in which African Americans were required to sit.
D)the name given to the Union troops by slaves in the South.

Question 41

Chinese workers were unlikely to bring their families with them to the United States in the 1800's for all of the following are reasons EXCEPT:

A)Chinese men enjoyed the freedom of traveling back and forth between the United States and China every year or two.
B)Families in China believed that if the man left his wife and children behind he would be more likely to return and more likely to send money back home.
C)The United State government forbade Chinese women from entering the country after 1882.
D)They feared racial harassment and attacks in the United States.

Question 42

Structuration Theory includes the concept of agency which refers to

A)micro-level social activities that influence the macro-level society.
B)macro-level societal influences on the micro-level social activities.
C)social institutions that maintain the status quo.
D)social institutions that challenge the status quo.

Question 43

Structuration Theory was developed around the question of the relationship between

A)dominant and subordinate racial groups.
B)micro and macro levels of society.
C)different generations in society.
D)capitalist owners and wage workers.

Question 44

Today more and more women from Mexico,Honduras,Ecuador and other Latin American countries are coming to the United States as the demand for their labor grows.Aulette reports that

A)these are mostly single women without husbands and children who live cooperatively with four or five other Latina women.
B)they join together with other family members,mostly brothers,sisters and cousins.
C)they bring their children to join husbands thus reuniting split families.
D)many of them are leaving their children behind in their country of origin.

Question 45

Structuration Theory divides social structure into four clusters.These include all EXCEPT

A)symbolic orders
B)political institutions
C)religious institutions
D)laws

Question 46

The controversial film,Salt of the Earth,was based on an actual event in the 1950's New Mexico during which

A)the wives of striking male miners marched on the picket lines while the men took over the wives' usual household duties.
B)members of several different churches joined together in an unprecedented ecumenical cooperative effort to rebuild a public school after hate-motivated arson.
C)a diverse but previously racially segregated community peacefully integrated their schools and improved the quality of education for everyone.
D)Native Americans won their court case closing the infamous,harsh boarding schools and requiring the government to build community schools on all reservations.

Question 47

Anthony Giddens (cited by Aulette)developed Structuration Theory,including the term ____________,to describe the mechanism by which people act on their surroundings (microlevel),causing a change to occur in the social structure (macrolevel).

A)Symbolic Orders
B)Marxism
C)Interactionism
D)Agency

Question 48

In the late 1800's Chinese and Chicano (Mexican American)families

A)were organized differently from each other because of their different religious beliefs.
B)were organized similarly because nuclear families in both groups were split apart,with women and children living in one community while men lived and worked in another.
C)were nearly nonexistent in the U.S.because these two groups did not immigrate to the United States until after 1920.
D)were organized similarly because entire families in both groups worked together as labor units (men,women and children)for land or factory owners.