Deck 20: Medical Microbiology

Question 1

The period of time in which the first symptoms indicating an approaching disease occur is known as the

A) convalescent period.
B) acute period.
C) prodromal period.
D) symptomatic.

Answer 1

prodromal period.

Question 2

Which of the following requires the use of the oil immersion objective?

A) For initial focusing of a specimen
B) Examination of a Gram-stained smear
C) For light adjustment of a specimen
D) Examination of urine sediment

Answer 2

Examination of a Gram-stained smear

Question 3

The transfer of pathogens on a fine spray of moisture droplets is known as

A) droplet infection.
B) susceptibility.
C) indirect transfer.
D) inoculation.

Answer 3

droplet infection.

Question 4

Which of the following microscopes has adjustment knobs that allow movement of the slide in a vertical or horizontal position?

A) Monocular microscope
B) Compound microscope
C) Mechanical stage microscope
D) Binocular microscope

Question 5

What name is given to round bacteria growing in pairs?

A) Bacilli
B) Diplococci
C) Staphylococci
D) Streptococci

Question 6

Escherichia coli normally reside in the

A) vagina.
B) urinary tract.
C) large intestine.
D) stomach.

Question 7

Harmless microorganisms that normally reside in the body but do not cause disease are known as

A) transient flora.
B) normal flora.
C) extraneous microorganisms.
D) staphylococci.

Question 8

Staphylococcal infections usually result in which of the following?

A) Gangrene
B) Petechiae
C) Pus formation
D) Maculopapular vesicles

Question 9

Conditions caused by Staphylococcus aureus include

A) boils.
B) wound infections.
C) food poisoning.
D) abscesses.
E) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following conditions is not caused by streptococci?

A) Scarlet fever
B) Streptococcal sore throat
C) Rheumatic fever
D) Tuberculosis

Question 11

A disease that can be spread from one person to another is known as

A) an infectious disease.
B) a contagious disease.
C) an acute disease.
D) droplet infection.

Question 12

Syphilis is caused by a

A) spirochete.
B) bacillus.
C) streptococcus.
D) diplococcus.

Question 13

What name is given to the interval of time between the invasion by a pathogen and the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease?

A) Prodromal period
B) Infectious period
C) Inoculation
D) Incubation period

Question 14

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus?

A) Chickenpox
B) Tetanus
C) Mumps
D) Rubella

Question 15

What term is used to describe the scientific study of microorganisms and their activities?

A) Parasitology
B) Histology
C) Microbiology
D) Pathology

Question 16

The high-power objective has a magnification of

A) 10 $\times$ .
B) 40 $\times$ .
C) 60 $\times$ .
D) 100 $\times$ .

Question 17

The invasion of the body by a pathogenic microorganism is known as

A) inflammation.
B) infection.
C) disease.
D) susceptibility.

Question 18

All of the following are used to identify a pathogen except:

A) Sensitivity testing
B) Microbial culture
C) Biochemical tests
D) DNA testing

Question 19

All of the following are natural defense mechanisms of the body except:

A) Phagocytosis by white blood cells
B) Inflammation
C) Antibiotics
D) Antibodies

Question 20

Which of the following parts of a microscope is used for precise focusing?

A) Iris diaphragm
B) Coarse adjustment
C) Substage condenser
D) Fine adjustment

Question 21

Which of the following is a symptom of influenza?

A) Sudden onset
B) Fever and chills
C) Muscle aches and joint pain
D) Nasal congestion
E) All of the above

Question 22

Which of the following increases an individual's risk of developing a serious complication from influenza?

A) Asthma
B) Emphysema
C) Diabetes
D) Age 65 and older
E) All of the above

Question 23

Which of the following could result in the medical assistant becoming infected with a pathogen?

A) Eating while testing a microbiologic specimen
B) Licking a label for a specimen container
C) Having an open sore on the hand
D) Drinking coffee in the office laboratory
E) All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is responsible for most annual influenza outbreaks?

A) Influenza Type A
B) Influenza Type B
C) Influenza Type C
D) Influenza Type D

Question 25

The purpose of using transport media is to

A) preserve a specimen in its original state until it reaches its destination.
B) keep the specimen at its optimal growth temperature.
C) reduce the number of pathogens in the specimen.
D) provide nutrients for the multiplication of the specimen.
E) All of the above

Question 26

A throat specimen should be collected from the

A) tonsillar area and posterior pharynx.
B) posterior pharynx.
C) adenoids.
D) hard palate.

Question 27

All of the following are symptoms of strep throat except:

A) Painful sore throat
B) Nausea and vomiting
C) White patches on the throat and tonsils
D) Fever of 101 $\degree$ F (38.3 $\degree$ C)or higher

Question 28

A specimen taken for microbiologic examination must not become contaminated with extraneous microorganisms,because the extraneous microorganisms may

A) change the pH of the specimen.
B) alter the morphology of the pathogens.
C) prevent visualization of the pathogen.
D) result in the death of any pathogens present.

Question 29

Following administration,how long does it take for the influenza vaccine to become effective?

A) 3 days
B) 1 week
C) 2 weeks
D) 4-6 weeks

Question 30

Strep throat most commonly affects individuals of which of the following age groups?

A) 1-5 years old
B) 5-15 years old
C) 18-25 years old
D) 65 years and older

Question 31

Which of the following is not a guideline for the proper care of a microscope?

A) Carry the microscope with two hands.
B) Store the microscope with the nosepiece rotated to the low-power objective.
C) Clean the enameled surface of the microscope with soap and water.
D) Clean the lenses of the microscope with gauze or tissue.

Question 32

A microbiologic specimen may be obtained from the

A) throat.
B) nose.
C) wounds.
D) vagina.
E) All of the above

Question 33

What is the incubation period range for influenza?

A) 12-24 hours
B) 1-4 days
C) 7-10 days
D) 2-4 weeks

Question 34

All of the following are benefits of receiving the influenza vaccine except:

A) It can prevent influenza.
B) It can reduce the severity of symptoms.
C) It can decrease the risk of complications.
D) It remains effective for 5 years.

Question 35

All of the following are complications of influenza except:

A) Viral pneumonia
B) Acute glomerulonephritis
C) Bronchitis
D) Otitis media

Question 36

What is the most common means of spreading influenza?

A) Indirect contact with an infected individual
B) Sexual intercourse
C) Mosquito bite
D) Droplet infection

Question 37

Which of the following represents a violation of technique when collecting a throat specimen?

A) Using a sterile swab to collect the specimen
B) Touching the inside of the mouth with the swab
C) Using a rotating motion to collect the specimen
D) Labeling the specimen container

Question 38

What is strep throat?

A) A viral infection of the throat and tonsils
B) A bacterial infection of the nasal mucosa
C) A yeast infection of the upper respiratory tract
D) A bacterial infection of throat and tonsils

Question 39

Which of the following is a poststreptococcal infection to streptococcal sore throat?

A) Diphtheria
B) Rheumatic fever
C) Pertussis
D) Viral pneumonia

Question 40

Which of the following is an advantage of using a RADT to diagnose strep throat?

A) It provides results in a short period of time
B) It prevents the development of poststreptococcal complications
C) It is the most accurate way to diagnose strep throat
D) There is less chance of a false-negative test result
E) All of the above

Question 41

What is a culture?

A) A mixture of nutrients on which microorganisms are grown in the laboratory
B) A small sample taken to show the nature of the whole
C) Material spread on a slide for microscopic examination
D) A mass of microorganisms growing in a laboratory culture medium

Question 42

Which of the following helps to prevent the transmission of influenza?

A) Frequent handwashing
B) Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
C) Sneezing into a tissue
D) Staying home for 24 hours after the fever has subsided
E) All of the above

Question 43

How is influenza most commonly diagnosed?

A) Rapid influenza diagnostic test
B) Culture and sensitivity
C) Clinical signs and symptoms
D) Complete blood count

Question 44

The purpose of incubating a culture is to

A) allow the pathogen to grow and multiply.
B) prevent overgrowth of the specimen with extraneous microorganisms.
C) produce a pure culture.
D) kill any pathogens present.

Question 45

All of the following are characteristics of influenza antiviral medication except:

A) Limits the multiplication of the influenza virus
B) Serves as a substitute for the influenza vaccine
C) Lessens the severity of the disease
D) Shortens the duration of the disease

Question 46

The purpose of sensitivity testing is to

A) identify the type of microorganism present.
B) produce a pure culture.
C) determine the best antibiotic to use to treat the condition.
D) determine the effectiveness of drug therapy.
E) All of the above

Question 47

To be most effective,when should influenza antiviral medication be started?

A) Within 7 days of developing symptoms
B) When there is an influenza outbreak in the community
C) Within the first 48 hours of developing symptoms
D) When the symptoms begin to subside
E) All of the above

Question 48

A mixed culture is a culture that

A) contains only one kind of microorganism.
B) contains two or more kinds of microorganisms.
C) contains nutrient agar.
D) has become contaminated with nonpathogens.

Question 49

Influenza antiviral medications are recommended for which of the following?

A) Individuals who are allergic to eggs
B) Individuals who have an increased risk of developing influenza complications
C) Individuals in a community with an influenza outbreak
D) None of the above

Question 50

If the pathogen were sensitive to an antibiotic,what would be observed when using the disc diffusion method of sensitivity testing?

A) Bacterial growth around the disc
B) Overgrowth of the disc with bacteria
C) A change in color of the disc
D) A clear zone without bacterial growth around the disc