Deck 14: Disorders Common Among Children and Adolescents

Question 1

MOST cases of mild intellectual disability seem to be related to:

A) inherited traits.
B) sociocultural and psychological factors.
C) fetal alcohol syndrome.
D) organic brain syndrome.

Answer 1

sociocultural and psychological factors.

Question 2

A clinician has been noticing rising rates of conduct disorder in her city.What would be the LEAST effective treatment program?

A) implementing prevention programs
B) teaching children how to deal with their anger
C) having children live in juvenile training centers
D) conducting family interventions

Answer 2

having children live in juvenile training centers

Question 3

How are childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder different from adult patterns that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder?

A) Children display depression,but adults generally do not.
B) Children display more symptoms of mania than adults do.
C) A higher proportion of girls than women are diagnosed with the disorder.
D) Children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

Answer 3

Children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

Question 4

Recent work has revealed that the MOST effective treatment for autism spectrum disorder has been the use of:

A) drug therapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) educational therapy.
D) psychodynamic-humanistic therapy.

Question 5

Behavior called _____ occurs when a person commits social misdeeds such as slandering others,spreading rumors,and manipulating friendships.

A) mainstreaming
B) relational aggression
C) cyberbullying
D) covert-nondestructive patterns

Question 6

MOST diagnosed cases of Down syndrome are of the:

A) trisomy 21 type.
B) mosaicism type.
C) age-related type.
D) translocation type.

Question 7

What are some of the specific symptoms associated with dyslexia?

A) strikingly impaired mathematical skills
B) having difficulty comprehending and expressing language
C) an impaired ability to recognize and comprehend words
D) extreme and repeated errors in spelling,grammar,punctuation,and paragraph organization

Question 8

A child with a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder has difficulty with things like:

A) expressing himself in speech.
B) reading a sentence from a book out loud.
C) buttoning his shirt and dressing in general.
D) listening to a teacher explain how to do a mathematics problem.

Question 9

A child whose therapist asks him to draw pictures about his life and then introduces games and stories to help the child work through his conflicts and then change his emotions and behavior is MOST likely receiving:

A) cognitive therapy.
B) classroom therapy.
C) insight therapy.
D) play therapy.

Question 10

Devonte does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand.His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still,which leads to poor grades in school.These symptoms MOST likely indicate:

A) a conduct disorder.
B) school phobia with acting out.
C) dyslexia with childhood anxiety.
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 11

What behavior suggests that a child has autism spectrum disorder?

A) The child argues defiantly with parents.
B) The child is not responsive to other people.
C) The child screams uncontrollably when separated from his or her parents.
D) The child is very active and finds it difficult to stay on task.

Question 12

Which is NOT considered an effect of bullying?

A) school problems
B) anxiety
C) constant lying
D) low self-esteem

Question 13

Which statement BEST describes children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder?

A) They show disturbed and contradictory patterns of reactions to stimuli.
B) They have low IQs and poor cognitive skills but good social skills.
C) They engage in excessive amounts of abstract play.
D) They appear to be exceptionally coordinated.

Question 14

A reading proficiency level that is much lower than would be expected based on the measure of general intelligence is called:

A) dyslexia.
B) perceptual deficit disorder.
C) developmental coordination disorder.
D) speech sound disorder.

Question 15

The MOST common of the identified chromosomal causes of Down syndrome is:

A) trisomy 21.
B) mosaicism.
C) translocation.
D) phenylketonuria (PKU).

Question 16

Compared with typical children,children with autism spectrum disorder are MOST likely to:

A) be socially aloof.
B) be raised in a family with financial difficulties.
C) have cold,rejecting parents.
D) have extreme empathy for other people.

Question 17

A woman lives in a facility for people with intellectual disabilities.She has her own apartment,dresses herself,and goes to the dining room,where she orders breakfast off a menu.She then goes to work in a sheltered workshop.At the end of the day,she goes home to her apartment and gets ready for dinner.This arrangement is part of:

A) deinstitutionalization.
B) a normalization program.
C) mainstreaming.
D) special education.

Question 18

Sylvie is 25,has an IQ of 60,and never did well at schoolwork.However,she now lives on her own,has a job,and is able to perform the routine chores of life.She would not be considered to have intellectual disability because:

A) she is too old.
B) her IQ is not low enough.
C) her daily functioning is adequate.
D) her condition was not diagnosed before she turned 18.

Question 19

Which is NOT a criticism of the use of IQ test results to diagnose intellectual disability?

A) They do not measure functioning at the low end of the scale adequately.
B) They are culturally biased.
C) They do not measure adaptive functioning.
D) They are not valid predictors of school performance.

Question 20

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks.The child frequently is aggressive and has engaged in an increasing number of fights.The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:

A) oppositional defiant disorder.
B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
C) conduct disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 21

If a child with autism spectrum disorder were being encouraged to engage in child-initiated interactions,the child would be:

A) making statements that the therapist would repeat word for word.
B) using a communications board to make requests known.
C) asking about things that were of particular interest to him or her.
D) engaging in play therapy with the child's parents.

Question 22

What does it mean to say that intelligence tests are culturally biased?

A) They measure "street smarts," so rural children are disadvantaged.
B) They measure abilities that are related to having been in school,disadvantaging home-schooled children.
C) They are biased against children who have experienced a great variety of cultures and who are bilingual.
D) They are biased in favor of those from middle and upper socioeconomic levels who are exposed to the kinds of language and typical experiences that the test evaluates.

Question 23

Research suggests that the psychological needs of children who have been abused should be addressed:

A) as early as possible.
B) when they reach the teen years and can better understand the trauma.
C) only if a parent believes it is appropriate.
D) only if the victim deems it necessary after becoming an adult.

Question 24

Which statement BEST reflects current research about the biological causes of autism spectrum disorder?

A) So far,researchers have found no biological causes for autism spectrum disorder.
B) The problem is much more likely to be with the brain's anatomy rather than with brain functioning.
C) There are probably multiple biological causes.
D) Neurotransmitter dysfunction explains problems in the cerebellum,but not the brain stem.

Question 25

Anoxia causes brain damage and may lead to intellectual disability.Anoxia-caused brain damage may occur due to which of these?

A) ingestion of lead-based paint
B) lack of oxygen during or after delivery
C) poisoning from pesticides or fertilizer nitrates
D) seizures induced by inhalants or automobile exhaust fumes

Question 26

Child abuse is the nonaccidental use of excessive physical or psychological force against a child by:

A) an adult.
B) a classmate.
C) an authority figure.
D) someone older than the child.

Question 27

Children with multiple physical and neurological problems that seriously limit their functioning are MOST likely to be diagnosed with which level of intellectual disability?

A) subclinical disability
B) mild disability
C) moderate disability
D) severe or profound disability

Question 28

Erica has moderate intellectual disability.She also has a smaller than average head,a flat face,and high cheekbones.Her condition is MOST likely:

A) PKU.
B) Down syndrome.
C) cretinism.
D) fragile X syndrome.

Question 29

Which statement is true regarding both children with mild and children with profound intellectual disability (ID)?

A) Both have difficulty learning,but children with mild ID can usually support themselves as adults.
B) Both have difficulty learning,but children with profound ID are more "educable."
C) They have the same level of adaptive functioning,but children with profound ID usually have more health problems.
D) They have the same level of adaptive functioning,but children with mild ID usually grow out of it.

Question 30

The typical child may not realize that the thoughts and beliefs of others are different from theirs or be able to anticipate future negative events.Therefore:

A) the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult symptoms.
B) children do not experience phobias.
C) a child cannot fully experience an anxiety disorder.
D) anxiety is not diagnosed until adolescence.

Question 31

If one knew nothing more than that a person with intellectual disability also had extensive and severe neurological dysfunction and physical handicaps,the MOST likely estimate of that person's level of intellectual disability would be:

A) mild disability.
B) mild or moderate disability.
C) moderate or severe disability.
D) severe or profound disability.

Question 32

Matt has an IQ of 65 and cannot do schoolwork.He lives on the streets,survives by begging,is usually dirty,and is always hungry.He would MOST likely be diagnosed with:

A) depression.
B) dyslexia.
C) schizophrenia.
D) intellectual disability.

Question 33

A 7-year-old child is wetting the bed at night.The bed-wetting apparently is beyond the child's control.The BEST diagnosis is:

A) enuresis.
B) encopresis.
C) oppositional defiant disorder.
D) conduct disorder.

Question 34

Enuresis is defined as:

A) repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes after the age of five.
B) repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes after the age of three.
C) intentional,repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes as an act of defiance after the age of five.
D) intentional,repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes as an act of defiance after the age of three.

Question 35

Which parents would be LEAST likely to have children who receive effective treatment for ADHD?

A) non-Hispanic white Americans with private health insurance
B) African Americans with private health insurance
C) non-Hispanic white Americans who are Medicaid-insured
D) African Americans who are Medicaid-insured

Question 36

Surveys from different parts of the world have shown that _____ ranks as a major problem in the minds of most young respondents.

A) racism
B) AIDS
C) bullying
D) peer pressure

Question 37

Openly offensive but nonconfrontational behaviors such as lying are consistent with what pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 38

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of phenylketonuria (PKU)?

A) It can be detected at birth and treated.
B) It is caused by a double recessive gene.
C) It is a metabolic defect involving an amino acid.
D) People of Eastern European Jewish ancestry are at increased risk for PKU.

Question 39

Over the last two decades,prescriptions of antidepressants for children and adolescents have:

A) decreased.
B) decreased then increased.
C) increased then decreased.
D) increased.

Question 40

Which statement is true regarding individuals with Down syndrome?

A) They have a different range of personality characteristics just as do those in the general population without Down syndrome.
B) They have a similar range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome.
C) They have the same range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome.
D) They have a range of personality characteristics similar to those of people with fetal alcohol syndrome.

Question 41

A female child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.Later,as an adult,she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills.Her case is:

A) very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males,and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood.
B) uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males,and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.
C) uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females,and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood.
D) common; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females,and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.

Question 42

Mike regularly attends Parents Anonymous groups.This suggests that Mike:

A) is a child with conduct disorder who abuses alcohol.
B) is an adolescent with conduct disorder who abuses alcohol or another substance.
C) is the parent of a child who was physically or verbally abused.
D) is a parent who has abused his child.

Question 43

Sophia has been diagnosed with having autism spectrum disorder.Her parents note she has trouble coping when life is too unpredictable.She keeps all of her toys in a certain order on the shelf,and throws a tantrum if her mother moves any of them.Any small changes in her daily routine also cause her to become very upset,and she commonly throws tantrums when there are any variations to her schedule.This is an example of:

A) overstimulation.
B) stimulus over selectivity.
C) self-stimulatory behavior.
D) highly rigid and repetitive behavior.

Question 44

About what percentage of those diagnosed with intellectual disability fall into the category of mild intellectual disability?

A) less than 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 55 percent
D) 80 to 85 percent

Question 45

A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell and heads for the bathroom.MOST likely the child is receiving:

A) psychodynamic therapy for enuresis.
B) psychodynamic therapy for encopresis.
C) behavioral therapy for enuresis.
D) behavioral therapy for encopresis.

Question 46

Compared with non-Hispanic white American children,African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are:

A) about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD,but less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.
B) about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD,but more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.
C) less likely to be assessed for ADHD,and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.
D) more likely to be assessed for ADHD,and more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

Question 47

Which is NOT a likely cause of ADHD?

A) abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage
B) negative self-concept
C) dysfunctional families
D) high levels of stress

Question 48

What is the DSM-5 disorder that describes children with patterns of severe rage?

A) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) childhood rage disorder
D) oppositional defiant disorder

Question 49

What is the most effective ADHD treatment program?

A) Psychodynamic therapy works best,with or without drugs.
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy outperforms even methylphenidate.
C) Dietary changes work best in the long term.
D) Drugs,combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy,work best.

Question 50

When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps,flaps his arms,twists his hands and fingers,and makes unusual faces,the child is engaging in:

A) self-injurious behavior.
B) self-communication behavior.
C) self-motor behavior.
D) self-stimulatory behavior.

Question 51

A child in public school is grouped with other low-IQ children like her.She and her classmates have a specially designed program that is different from that of the other children in the school.This is MOST likely an example of:

A) mainstreaming.
B) special education.
C) deinstitutionalization.
D) a normalization program.

Question 52

An intervention in which parents whose children have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called:

A) parent-interaction therapy.
B) video modeling.
C) parent management training.
D) family-consequence sensitization.

Question 53

The drug methylphenidate is classified as a(n):

A) stimulant.
B) depressant.
C) tranquilizer.
D) antidepressant.

Question 54

A child is openly hostile toward his parents.He argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say.They cannot control him.The diagnosis he is MOST likely to receive is:

A) conduct disorder.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) oppositional defiant disorder.
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 55

The LEAST likely contributor to the differences between African Americans and non-Hispanic white Americans in receiving long-acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD is:

A) economic factors.
B) social bias.
C) stereotyping.
D) differences in drug tolerance.

Question 56

A 16-year-old teenager has just been arrested for the third time for shoplifting.She will MOST likely be labeled with:

A) juvenile delinquency.
B) oppositional defiant disorder.
C) anxiety disorder.
D) mood dysregulation disorder.

Question 57

A child sneaks out of his house every now and then and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint.These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 58

In most cases of child abuse,the abuser is the child's:

A) babysitter.
B) teacher.
C) older sibling.
D) parent.

Question 59

Behavioral and somatic symptoms,such as clinginess,sleep difficulties,and stomach pain,rather than cognitive symptoms are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders in:

A) female children rather than in male children.
B) adolescents rather than in children.
C) children rather than in adults.
D) children of former generations rather than of the present generation.

Question 60

While a child with autism spectrum disorder is laughing,he sees another child crying.When asked what the other child is feeling,the child with autism is MOST likely to say:

A) "sadness," because of perseveration of sameness.
B) "sadness," because of pronominal reversal.
C) "happiness," because of lack of responsiveness.
D) "happiness," because of mind-blindness.

Question 61

Behaviors in which individuals secretly commit nonaggressive behaviors,such as being truant from school,are consistent with what pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 62

During the 1960s and 1970s,the criteria for having people remain in state schools changed,and many individuals with intellectual disability were released into the community.This is an example of:

A) deinstitutionalization.
B) a normalization program.
C) mainstreaming.
D) special education.

Question 63

For which anxiety disorder would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST like the adult pattern?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) social anxiety disorder
C) phobias
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 64

Which has mild intellectual disability NOT been linked to?

A) inadequate parent-child interactions
B) insufficient learning experiences
C) unstimulating environment
D) parental divorce

Question 65

At a parent-teacher conference,a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school,despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school.This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 66

Getting extremely upset when a parent gets a new pair of glasses represents:

A) lack of responsiveness.
B) avolition.
C) rigid and repetitive behavior.
D) self-stimulatory behavior.

Question 67

Why do very young children rarely experience hopelessness?

A) Children must be able to hold expectations about the future,a skill rarely in full bloom before the age of 7.
B) Young children don't experience traumatic life events that can lead to such a pessimistic outlook.
C) Early childhood is a time of great joy that serves as a protector.
D) Young children only exhibit negative physical symptoms,they don't experience negative emotional symptoms.

Question 68

A young child displays an intellectual disorder (ID).His health care provider determines the cause to be overexposure to lead.The lead exposure is an example of what kind of biological cause of ID?

A) childhood problems
B) prenatal problems
C) birth complications
D) chromosomal abnormalities

Question 69

Which is MOST likely to be successful as part of a treatment foster care program?

A) family therapy with the foster parents followed by therapy with the biological parents
B) meetings with school officials and parole,and probation officers if needed
C) training and treatment that involves the child,the foster parents,and the biological parents
D) individual treatment with the child,followed by family therapy

Question 70

Studies evaluating the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce:

A) long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance.
B) only short-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance.
C) long-term gains in school achievement but only short-term gains in intelligence test performance.
D) only short-term gains in school achievement but long-term gains in intelligence test performance.

Question 71

A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting and include failure to follow instructions and finish work,answering questions before they have been completed,and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting.Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child's behavior?

A) Yes,it could be a diagnosis.
B) No,the child's symptoms started at too young an age.
C) No,the child's symptoms occur in only one setting.
D) Yes,it could be,but only if the fidgeting is distracting to others.

Question 72

From which pair of disorders is a child MOST likely to recover by adulthood?

A) autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability
B) conduct disorder and specific learning disabilities
C) ADHD and separation anxiety
D) enuresis and encopresis

Question 73

A person has great difficulty with eye contact and with references to observed objects in their immediate surroundings.This describes a:

A) mentalization issue.
B) repetitive and rigid behavior.
C) delayed echolalia.
D) deficiency in joint attention.

Question 74

The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism spectrum disorder include:

A) brain abnormalities.
B) personality characteristics of the parents.
C) social status.
D) environmental stress.

Question 75

A child is extremely aggressive.She is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them.She never tells the truth.Her MOST likely diagnosis is:

A) conduct disorder.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) passive-aggressive disorder.
D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 76

A group of teenagers leave cruel,anonymous comments on a classmate's social media posts.This is an example of:

A) cyberbullying.
B) anti-bullying.
C) child abuse.
D) peer pressure.

Question 77

Rose is very high functioning,but she lacks interest in other people and has difficulty understanding how they feel.In the past,she would have been diagnosed with Asperger's disorder.Using the current DSM-5 criteria,she would now be diagnosed with:

A) Asperger's disorder; nothing has changed.
B) autism spectrum disorder.
C) social communications disorder.
D) no disorder.

Question 78

What is the BEST educational treatment for a child with a serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum?

A) mainstreaming and being in a typical classroom with other children
B) being in special classes that operate in the school district's own facilities
C) being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education
D) being home-schooled

Question 79

"Refrigerator parents" are seen as:

A) intelligent yet cold.
B) simple and cold.
C) supportive and filled with ideas.
D) slow and emotionally distant.

Question 80

"No way am I sending my child through that program.I've heard horror stories about how kids act once they leave." Based on research,the person who said this would be accurate if expressing reservations about:

A) a juvenile training center.
B) treatment foster care.
C) problem-solving training.
D) a Coping Power Program.