Deck 32: Modern Art in Europe and the Americas, 1900-1950

Question 1

The use of metal beams and girders was a main feature in the development of __________.

A) skyscrapers
B) Suprematism
C) murals
D) Constructivism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Marianne Brandt and Anni Albers both worked at the __________.

A) murals
B) Bauhaus
C) Dada
D) Cubism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The Mexican __________ was intended to address Mexico's need for a national and revolutionary art.

A) Suprematism
B) Constructivism
C) Futurism
D) mural movement

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A distinctive feature of Le Corbusier's Modern architecture is its ______________.

A) lack of ornamentation
B) domino construction system
C) emphasis on rational functional design
D) all of the above

Question 5

The __________ developed many techniques for liberating the unconscious.

A) Fauvists
B) Cubists
C) Constructivists
D) Surrealists

Question 6

Barbara Hepworth and Henry Moore both worked in __________.

A) photography
B) mobiles
C) sculpture
D) murals

Question 7

The Prairie school designed low, horizontal __________ that echoed the flat plains of the prairie.

A) skyscrapers
B) landscapes
C) gardens
D) houses

Question 8

Mondrian's interest in abstraction was an attempt to distill the __________ from objects in nature.

A) essential form
B) universal beauty
C) dynamic equilibrium
D) opposing forces

Question 9

__________ exhibited with the Surrealists from the beginning and embraced biomorphic abstraction.

A) Lawrence
B) Moore
C) Hepworth
D) Miró

Question 10

The Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia promoted a __________ painting style.

A) Constructivism
B) Suprematism
C) abstract
D) Socialist realism

Question 11

The paintings of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo are ____________ than those by Diego Rivera.

A) more historical
B) more modern
C) more personal
D) more abstract

Question 12

Mary Colter found great inspiration in the architectural traditions of _____________.

A) the Académie des Beaux-Arts
B) Russian constructivism
C) Native Americans
D) Japan

Question 13

The avant-garde in Cuba was the most __________ of all the Modernist groups.

A) homogeneous
B) ignored
C) suppressed
D) interdisciplinary

Question 14

Augusta Savage was a sculptor in the __________ Renaissance.

A) Harlem
B) Suprematism
C) Ashcan
D) Cubist

Question 15

The influential critic, Clement Greenberg, believed that the best paintings had no reference to ___________.

A) the outside world
B) religion
C) politics
D) human emotion

Question 16

The Surrealists embraced unexpected __________ of disparate realities.

A) colors
B) light
C) juxtapositions
D) motion

Question 17

Surrealist painters employed a variety of techniques, known collectively as __________.

A) photography
B) automatism
C) murals
D) readymades

Question 18

Alfred Stieglitz was the chief proponent of European Modern art in __________.

A) Mexico
B) Japan
C) America
D) Canada

Question 19

Portrait of a German Officer is the work of the artist __________.

A) Georgia O'Keeffe
B) Arthur Dove
C) Marsden Hartley
D) John Sloan

Question 20

What Abstract Expressionist technique, pioneered by Helen Frankenthaler, had a significant influence on later artists?

A) action painting
B) photomontage
C) staining unprimed canvas
D) assemblage

Question 21

__________ architects developed a common formal language that transcended regional boundaries.

A) International Style
B) Cubist
C) Dadaist
D) Surrealist

Question 22

What motivated Picasso to create his large-scale painting Guernica for Spanish Pavilion at the 1938 Paris Exposition?

A) It was a celebration of Spain's technological innovations in the early twentieth century.
B) It was a response to the German bombing of a small Basque town, sponsored by Spanish Nationalists.
C) It memorialized the huge loss of life in World War I.
D) It was a modern version of traditional history painting recognizing Spanish accomplishments.

Question 23

Why did the U.S. Government hire Dorothea Lange and other photographers during the Great Depression?

A) It was a part of a program that provided jobs to unemployed artists.
B) They hoped to build public support for Federal assistance for rural America.
C) They wanted artwork that reflected the national American identity.
D) All of the above.

Question 24

The manner in which Picasso and Braque broke objects into parts initiated ____________.

A) collage
B) analytic cubism
C) automatism
D) expressionism

Question 25

A spare, geometric style of Modern architecture in Europe developed in response to __________.

A) The Bridge
B) The Blue Rider
C) Orphism
D) Art Nouveau

Question 26

The best-known artist to emerge from the Harlem Community Art Center was __________.

A) Dali
B) Lawrence
C) Hepworth
D) Moore

Question 27

In the years after World War II, Francis Bacon's paintings evoked the horrors of war and human suffering through ______________.

A) expressive images of distorted figures
B) raw, heavily worked abstract forms
C) biomorphic images that held personal symbolism
D) large scale murals inspired by Renaissance frescoes

Question 28

How does Synthetic Cubism reference the real world?

A) Illusionistic painting techniques are used to render objects.
B) The suggestion of discernible subjects.
C) Paintings typically display overt political critique.
D) None of the above.

Question 29

Neither Picasso nor __________ wanted to break the link from reality with their Cubist abstractions.

A) Stieglitz
B) Braque
C) Matisse
D) Sloan

Question 30

__________ wanted Futurism to break Italy free from its past.

A) Höch
B) Tatlin
C) Marinetti
D) Picasso

Question 31

Villa Savoye reflects Le Corbusier's ___________ ideals in its geometric design and avoidance of ornamentation.

A) Dada
B) Bauhaus
C) Purist
D) Futurist

Question 32

Although academic in scale Matisse's Le Bonheur de Vivre was avant-garde in the ________.

A) introduction of landscape
B) subject of figures
C) flattening of the figure
D) fragmentation of the objects

Question 33

An outgrowth of the Russian Revolution, __________ comprised a group of artists dedicated to working collectively for the state.

A) Suprematism
B) Cubism
C) Constructivism
D) Orphism

Question 34

Similar to American artists, Canadian artists began to exert independence from __________ influences.

A) Mexican
B) European
C) Russian
D) Chinese

Question 35

Hannah Höch was a central figure in the __________ Dada group.

A) Berlin
B) Vienna
C) Moscow
D) Toronto

Question 36

How did Picasso's treatment of space in Les Demoiselles d'Avignon dramatically change the practice of painting in the west?

A) It was an alternative to traditional systems of perspective.
B) It legitimized non-objectivity as a viable interest in painting.
C) It rejected the use of color.
D) It implied that art was an intellectual activity not rooted in emotional expression.

Question 37

Hartley, Dove, and O'Keeffe were all supported by __________ and shown in his gallery.

A) Henry Moore
B) Jacob Lawrence
C) Alfred Stieglitz
D) Salvador Dali

Question 38

Which Dadaist idea would have a radical influence on art of the later twentieth century?

A) the rejection of three-dimensional illusionism in painting
B) the belief that art could convey spiritual concerns through non-objective imagery
C) the notion that art was not precious, but could exist as conceptual ideas and actions
D) the role of the subconscious in revealing universal symbols and meaning

Question 39

__________ developed in reaction to the horrors of World War I.

A) Cubism
B) Fauvism
C) German Expressionism
D) Dada

Question 40

Apollinaire labeled the art of Robert and Sonia Delaunay as ____________.

A) assemblage
B) Futurist
C) non-objective
D) Orphism

Question 41

Kandinsky believed that looking at a painting should be comparable to experiencing ____________.

A) music
B) mathematics
C) the psyche
D) love

Question 42

Sonia __________ not only produced paintings with her husband, but also designed fabric and clothing on her own.

A) Lissitzky
B) Delaunay
C) Malevich
D) Mondrian

Question 43

Though he lived in France most of his life, __________ was originally from Spain.

A) Braque
B) Matisse
C) Duchamp
D) Picasso

Question 44

___________ ideas of a collective unconscious of universal archetypes shared by all humans greatly influenced the Abstract Expressionist painters.

A) Sigmund Freud's
B) Carl Jung's
C) Clement Greenberg's
D) Vassily Kandinsky's

Question 45

The __________ of Gerrit Rietveld's Schröder House created the radical asymmetry sought after in the De Stijl movement.

A) exposed skeletal structure
B) large expanses of windows
C) richly encrusted surface
D) the white planes and horizontal and vertical accents in primary colors

Question 46

The politically charged expressionism of Käthe Kollwitz can be most closely aligned with the artists of which modern movement?

A) The Bridge
B) Dada
C) Regionalism
D) none of the above

Question 47

A member of the Blue Rider Group, Kandinsky believed that abstraction would lead humanity to a deeper awareness of _________________.

A) the paranoiac-critical method
B) spirituality
C) the animal world
D) the Enlightenment

Question 48

The Blue Rider artist, Franz Marc, painted mainly ______________ because they were more "primitive" than humans

A) landscape elements
B) abstract shapes
C) animals
D) still lifes

Question 49

Discoveries in __________, especially the work of Freud, influenced Modern art.

A) psychology
B) science
C) philosophy
D) marxism

Question 50

Why did Mexican muralists employ naturalism in the works they produced for public buildings?

A) It symbolized the historical status of Western culture.
B) The government felt the public could not comprehend abstract art.
C) They wanted to reference Native American traditions.
D) European modernism did not impact Mexico until the mid-twentieth century.

Question 51

Which artist explicitly addressed feminist concerns in her work?

A) Georgia O'Keeffe
B) Hannah Höch
C) Anni Albers
D) Helen Frankenthaler

Question 52

__________, a term which comes from the French term "to glue" was an important aspect of Synthetic Cubism.

A) readymade
B) merz
C) Collage
D) bauhaus

Question 53

Abstract Expressionism can be interpreted as a response to the cataclysmic events of the early twentieth century in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) The artists rebelled against artistic traditions of the past.
B) It reflected a sense of social alienation and existential crisis.
C) It was a manifestation of the artists' radical political views.
D) Artists hoped to express universal truths and sublime experience.

Question 54

The Harlem Renaissance artist, Aaron Douglas, developed a _________ style that owes much to African art.

A) the Harlem Renaissance
B) dada-inspired
C) suprematist
D) collaged silhouetted

Question 55

Which of the following technological innovations did NOT contribute to the development of the first skyscrapers?

A) steel structural supports
B) reinforced concrete
C) the elevator
D) the integration of heating, ventilation, plumbing and electrical systems

Question 56

How did Walter Gropius's design for the Bauhaus building convey the dynamism of modern life?

A) The three large cubic areas had a balanced asymmetry.
B) It used modern materials and technology in a traditional architectural form.
C) It emphasized hand-crafted workmanship and aesthetic quality.
D) It integrated the building's form organically into the surrounding landscape.

Question 57

How did Dadaist artists respond to the horrors seen during World War I?

A) They mocked established cultural traditions.
B) They introduced new forms for art.
C) They provided social critique through satire.
D) All of the above.

Question 58

Which modern art movement professed a radical political agenda based on their love of machines, speed, and war?

A) Constructivism
B) Futurism
C) Dada
D) Suprematism

Question 59

__________ means "wild beast" and was the name of an art movement that included Henri Matisse.

A) Die Brücke
B) Fauvism
C) Dada
D) Orphism

Question 60

Which of the following was a significant factor in providing New York with the foundation to supersede Paris as the center of the modern art world?

A) the Armory Show
B) the 291 Gallery
C) the Harlem Renaissance
D) the Federal Arts Project

Question 61

Tatlin intended his _____________ to be modern replacements of Russian icons.

A) Readymades
B) Counter-Reliefs
C) Automatisms
D) Suprematist Compositions

Question 62

Die Brücke artists favored traditional northern media such as ______________.

A) woodcuts
B) fresco
C) pastel
D) stained glass

Question 63

What did the Fauvists and Expressionists do to repudiate traditional notions of pictorial representation?

Question 64

The readymade was a concept of the artist __________, where he could transform any object into art simply by deciding to do so.

A) Brancusi
B) Boccioni
C) Léger
D) Duchamp

Question 65

Grant Wood was one of the _______________ artists who explored Midwestern themes.

A) Cubist
B) Regionalist
C) Orphist
D) Expressionist

Question 66

What kind of form did Modern Architecture take during this period?

Question 67

Weston believed that ____________ made a great photograph and not dark room manipulation.

A) natural beauty of an object
B) the picturesque quality of a scene
C) the artistic choices of the photographer
D) the ability to adjust lighting

Question 68

How did Russian Constructivists combine Modern styles with practical needs?

Question 69

Why did Social Realists and Mexican muralists retreat from the more radical innovations of Modernism?

Question 70

Berlin __________ artists especially favored collage and photomontage.

A) Die Brücke
B) Der Blaue Reiter
C) Dada
D) Orphist

Question 71

Joan Mitchell who created energetic and lyrical __________ paintings was part of a second generation of Abstract Expressionist painters.

A) abstract
B) figural
C) collage
D) socially informed

Question 72

What is an example of Modern artists looking to non-western art during this period?

Question 73

Why and how did Dada ask radical questions about the nature of art itself?

Question 74

Picasso became of the first artists to appropriate _____________ art.

A) Paleolithic
B) Native American
C) medieval
D) African

Question 75

Malevich exhibited 39 works consisting of __________________ in a style he termed Suprematism.

A) surrealist subjects
B) animals in primary colors
C) flat geometric shapes collaged together
D) portraits of popes

Question 76

How did the Suprematists combine Cubist picture space with complete abstraction?

Question 77

Why did the Futurists embrace "the beauty of speed" in their art?

Question 78

How did Modern artists in the Americas combine their experiments in form with efforts to uncover their national or cultural identities?

Question 79

How did the Cubists create influential new methods of composition in painting and sculpture?

Question 80

Although flowers became her best-known subject, early in her career Georgia O'Keefe painted images of _______________.

A) women
B) skyscrapers
C) circus performers
D) biomorphic shapes