Deck 10: Plant Metabolism

Question 1

The energy "currency" of the cell is

A) NAD⁺_.
B) water.
C) FADH₂.
D) ATP.
E) glucose.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

During the light reactions of photosynthesis

A) carbon dioxide is combined with certain organic compounds to produce glucose.
B) the hydrogen removed from water molecules is combined with carbon dioxide, forming glucose.
C) water is split through photon energy into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen.
D) water is split by ATP into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen.
E) carbon dioxide is split into oxygen and carbon atoms.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The most abundant chlorophyll pigment usually present in plants is

A) chlorophyll a.
B) chlorophyll b.
C) chlorophyll c.
D) chlorophyll d.
E) chlorophyll e.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which photosynthetic pigment is a precursor of vitamin A?

A) xanothophyll
B) phycobilin
C) ß -carotene
D) chlorophyll b
E) fucoxanthin

Question 5

The English biochemist who discovered that isolated chloroplasts, free of other cellular contents, could briefly produce oxygen in the presence of an electron acceptor was

A) Melvin Calvin.
B) Robin Hill.
C) Percival Priestly.
D) Jan Ingen-Housz.
E) Theodore de Saussure.

Question 6

Which list gives the products of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A) glucose and oxygen
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) NADPH, ATP, and oxygen molecule
D) ethanol and carbon dioxide.
E) glucose only.

Question 7

An increase in ________ would theoretically increase photosynthesis.

A) CO₂
B) nitrate
C) oxygen
D) sulphur dioxide
E) carbon monoxide

Question 8

Which of the following is a summary of photosynthesis with respect to requirements, reactants and products?

A) C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + ATP
B) C₆H₁₂O₆ + ATP → CO₂ + H₂O + O₂
C) CO₂ + H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ + H₂O
D) C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ + H₂O → CO₂ + H₂O + O₂
E) CO₂ + O₂ + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + ATP

Question 9

Photooxidation primarily involves the

A) conversion of oxygen to ozone by light.
B) conversion of light to oxygen.
C) destruction of chlorophyll by light.
D) respiration of sugar.
E) conduction of food from sinks to sources.

Question 10

Several antenna pigments function in photosynthesis. Which is found in flowering (higher) plants?

A) carotenoids
B) phycobilins
C) chlorophyll b
D) fucoxanthin
E) Both carotenoids and chlorophyll b are correct.

Question 11

When a pigment absorbs light, certain electrons are raised to a higher energy level. Subsequent emission of light energy when the electron returns to its lower energy level is called

A) reduction.
B) photoelectric effect.
C) reaction-center phenomenon.
D) antenna pigment emission.
E) fluorescence.

Question 12

Photosynthesis is an example of a/an ________ set of chemical reactions in plants.

A) catabolic
B) energy releasing reactions in plant cells
C) anabolic
D) light-releasing
E) mitochondrial-based

Question 13

Photosystem pigments that function in gathering and passing light to reaction-center molecules are called

A) reaction-center pigments.
B) phosphorescent pigments.
C) antenna pigments.
D) carotene pigments.
E) 700 pigments.

Question 14

Most energy transfers in cells involve a linked set of oxidation and reduction reactions. This means that ________.

A) one molecule gains an electron while retaining its original set of electrons
B) one of the reacting molecule loses an electron while the second molecule picks it up and passes it to a third molecule
C) one molecule is oxidized and one is reduced in a set of coupled reactions
D) the reduced molecule loses an electron and becomes smaller
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 15

In the process of photosynthesis, which molecule becomes reduced?

A) CO₂
B) H₂0
C) CH₂O
D) O₂
E) C₆H₁₂O₆

Question 16

The longest wavelengths of light useful in photosynthesis are those of

A) ultraviolet.
B) red light.
C) blue light.
D) infrared.
E) green light.

Question 17

The oxygen liberated by green plants during photosynthesis comes from

A) water molecules.
B) the breakdown of food in living cells.
C) ATP.
D) the glucose formed during the dark reactions.
E) carbon dioxide.

Question 18

Which is a reduced molecule?

A) NADP
B) NADPH
C) NAD⁺
D) FADH₂
E) Both NADPH and FADH₂ are correct.

Question 19

Oxidation is the

A) gaining of electrons.
B) sharing of electrons.
C) loss of protons.
D) loss of electrons.
E) loss of water.

Question 20

Metabolism refers to ________.

A) how rapidly your body converts food calories to kinetic energy
B) all the metabolic activities that take place in cells and entire organisms as a whole
C) the rate of a chemical reaction
D) enzyme catalysts
E) processing genetic information

Question 21

Photophosphorylation refers to ________.

A) removal of a proton from a phosphate group
B) use of light energy to directly add a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP
C) use of light energy to create a proton gradient which, in turn, is used to add a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP
D) removal of a phosphate group from ATP to form ADP
E) the light independent reactions of photosynthesis

Question 22

Which of the following are contained in each photosynthetic unit of photosystem I?

A) one P700 molecule
B) small amounts of chlorophyll b
C) carotenoid pigment
D) 200 or more molecules of chlorophyll a
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 23

A step in respiration during which sugar is oxidized to pyruvic acid is called

A) phosphorylation.
B) sugar cleavage.
C) glycolysis
D) fermentation.
E) electron transport.

Question 24

The first step of glycolysis involves a ________ reaction.

A) dehydration
B) carboxylation
C) phosphorylation
D) condensation
E) light

Question 25

The citric acid cycle takes place in the ________.

A) dictyosome
B) chloroplast
C) nucleus
D) cytoplasm
E) mitochondria

Question 26

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement concerning the Calvin cycle (photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle)?

A) Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) is the first stable compound produced in the Calvin cycle.
B) ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions are utilized in the Calvin cycle.
C) Some of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) formed in the Calvin cycle can be used to make glucose while the remaining regenerate the compound that initiated the cycle.
D) The Calvin cycle is located on the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplasts.
E) Light is NOT DIRECTLY required to run the Calvin cycle.

Question 27

Photosynthetically active pigments absorb ________.

A) all wavelengths of visible light
B) all wavelengths of light, including infrared and ultraviolet
C) specific wavelengths of red and blue light
D) reflect all wavelengths of visible light except green
E) transfer chemical energy to light energy

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT produced during fermentation?

A) lactic acid
B) ethyl alcohol
C) CO₂
D) acetyl CoA
E) ATP

Question 29

In glycolysis

A) glucose is broken down into simpler compounds.
B) chlorophyll helps store energy in NADPH molecules.
C) water is split into hydrogen ions and oxygen through the energy of light.
D) the Krebs cycle produces oxygen.
E) ATP molecules are converted to fats.

Question 30

In aerobic respiration, how many ATPs are produced from complete respiration of one molecule of glucose?

A) 46
B) 36
C) 26
D) 16
E) 6

Question 31

During the light independent reactions, what plants produce oxaloacetic acid in mesophyll cells and phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) in the bundle sheath cells?

A) ferredoxin plants
B) oxalis plants
C) CAM plants
D) C₄ plants
E) C₃ plants

Question 32

The Calvin cycle is also called the

A) 3-carbon pathway.
B) 4-carbon pathway.
C) 5-carbon pathway.
D) 6-carbon pathway.
E) 7-carbon pathway.

Question 33

During glycolysis

A) a 2-carbon acetyl fragment is bonded to coenzyme A.
B) 2 NADH molecules are produced from each glucose molecule.
C) acetyl CoA is combined with oxaloacetic acid.
D) 2 molecules of FADH₂ are produced.
E) 5-carbon compounds are produced.

Question 34

NADPH transports ________ and ________ from light dependent to light independent photosynthetic reactions.

A) water; carbon dioxide
B) phosphate group; oxygen
C) photons; carbon dioxide
D) hydrogen ions; electrons
E) iron; copper

Question 35

CAM photosynthesis occurs mostly in

A) aquatic plants.
B) arctic plants.
C) temperate forest plants.
D) tropical rain forest plants.
E) cacti and succulents.

Question 36

Glycolysis takes place in the

A) mitochondria.
B) chloroplast.
C) nucleus.
D) cytoplasm.
E) ER.

Question 37

The splitting of water molecules on the inside of thylakoid membranes during photosynthesis is called

A) photophosphorylation.
B) photolysis.
C) chemiosmosis.
D) uncoupling.
E) plastocyanization.

Question 38

The electron transport chain contains a group of iron-containing molecules called

A) chlorophylls.
B) cytochromes.
C) xanthophylls.
D) pyruvates.
E) flavonoids.

Question 39

The citric acid cycle ________.

A) may occur in cells where photosynthesis is also taking place
B) takes place as a part of the light independent reactions of photosynthesis
C) consists of a breakdown of glucose to a simpler compound
D) is the final step of the respiration process
E) takes place primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 40

Which of the following is/are found in C₄ plants?

A) large chloroplasts with numerous starch grains
B) high concentrations of PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells
C) higher optimum temperatures for photosynthesis than C₃ plants
D) small chloroplasts with well-developed grana
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 41

A photosynthetic unit consists of a molecule of chlorophyll a and a molecule of chlorophyll b.

Question 42

Resins, gums, oils, and other substances may be manufactured during the process of assimilation.

Question 43

Fermentation in plants and yeast terminates with the formation of

A) ATP.
B) NADPH.
C) ethyl alcohol.
D) lactic acid.
E) FADH₂.

Question 44

The carbohydrate produced through photosynthesis is converted to other substances through the process of assimilation.

Question 45

Heat inactivates most enzymes.

Question 46

Type of chemical process that occurs during digestion.

A) hydrolysis.
B) phosphorylation.
C) chemiosmosis.
D) fermentation.
E) carboxylation.

Question 47

Respiration occurs only in cells where no photosynthesis is taking place.

Question 48

CAM photosynthesis is best known in tropical plants.

Question 49

Digestion nearly always involves hydrolysis.

Question 50

ADP molecules can become ATP molecules if a phosphate "group" is added to them.

Question 51

RuBP is a 5-carbon sugar that is continually being formed during photosynthesis.

Question 52

The energy released from a glucose molecule during fermentation is only a fraction of the energy released during aerobic respiration.

Question 53

Oxidative phosphorylation takes place when protons flow across the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. This is called

A) chemiosmosis.
B) assimilation.
C) fluorescence.
D) phosphorescence.
E) degradation.

Question 54

Photorespiration decreases the efficiency of the light independent reactions in C₃ plants under hot, dry conditions.

Question 55

Hydroponically grown plants are grown in a nutrient solution in which air is bubbled. Why is bubbling of air through the solution needed?

A) Without the air, the solution would become so hot that the enzymes would denature.
B) Bubbling of air through the solution allows soil microbes to thrive.
C) Water and nutrient solutions don't have enough oxygen to sustain aerobic respiration.
D) The bubbling solution increases the relative humidity within the plant chamber which is needed for plant growth.
E) Bubbling of air in the solution is not really needed; it's just what is done.

Question 56

The light most extensively used in photosynthesis consists of wavelengths in the green range.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is a CORRECT comparison between photosynthesis and respiration?

A) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants whereas respiration occurs only in animals-not plants.
B) Photosynthesis is a metabolic pathway of many reactions whereas respiration occurs in a single step.
C) In plants, photosynthesis occurs only during the light whereas respiration occurs only during the dark.
D) Photosynthesis is an energy storing process whereas respiration is an energy releasing process.
E) Photosynthesis uses a metabolic pathway to make sugars whereas respiration uses the same metabolic pathway to breakdown sugars.

Question 58

Cytochromes are the principal acceptor molecules in an electron transport chain.

Question 59

A temperature rise of 10°C between 20^o and 30^o C can double or even triple respiration rates.

Question 60

Pyruvic acid, formed in glycolysis, is the starting molecule for production of the unique products of fermentation.

Question 61

Photosynthesis can be defined as the conversion of light energy to biochemical energy.

Question 62

Photosynthetic light independent reactions can take place in the light.

Question 63

Photosynthetic "light dependent" reactions can take place in the dark.

Question 64

Organisms that cannot use atmospheric oxygen are called anaerobic organisms.

Question 65

The shorter the wavelength of light, the greater the energy.

Question 66

Phaeophytin is the electron acceptor molecule in photosystem 2.

Question 67

Energy conversion in plants takes place with 100% efficiency unlike energy conversion in machines.