Deck 22: Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850

Question 1

What were the goals of monarchs such as Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia in supporting the Enlightenment?

A) They protected religious institutions from new ideas.
B) Expansion of royal authority over localism, religious institutions, and the nobility
C) They firmly reinforced the rights of feudal lords.
D) They secured the social order in favor of the nobility.
E) They favored a monopoly on joint-stock companies.

Answer 1

Expansion of royal authority over localism, religious institutions, and the nobility

Question 2

The Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774 were intended to

A) keep colonists from taking Amerindian land by slowing settlement.
B) provoke bitter resentment among colonists
C) keep the colonists from complaining about taxes.
D) a and b
E) all of the above

Answer 2

keep colonists from taking Amerindian land by slowing settlement.

Question 3

One of Rousseau's most radical ideas was that the will of the people was sacred and that government

A) could not impose unwanted taxes.
B) authority rested on the consent of the governed.
C) had to respond to calls for reform.
D) was responsible for controlling business.
E) should be abolished.

Answer 3

authority rested on the consent of the governed.

Question 4

Which 1770 event galvanized public opinion throughout the American colonies against British rule?

A) The "Molly Pitcher Incident"
B) The Stamp Act
C) The "Boston Massacre"
D) The Quebec Act
E) The public hanging of Thomas Paine

Question 5

The salon was

A) a fashionable dinner club with music and gambling.
B) a private venue for discussing intellectual ideas.
C) an underground radical organization plotting the overthrow of the ancient regime.
D) a Parisian boutique frequented by Marie Antoinette.
E) where King Louis XVI met with his ministers.

Question 6

In the eighteenth century, the common people of Europe sometimes expressed outrage over

A) the granting of the right to vote to women.
B) violations of popular customs.
C) the failure of European monarchs to proceed quickly with reforms.
D) African slavery.
E) the price of artwork.

Question 7

Respectable new public venues for discussion of intellectual ideas included:

A) universities
B) church groups
C) coffee houses and tea shops
D) bars
E) sports clubs

Question 8

What problems did the British face after defeating the French in 1763?

A) Slave revolts
B) Limiting settlement in Amerindian lands
C) The need to impose higher taxes
D) b and c
E) all of the above

Question 9

The British angered American colonists by doing all of the following except

A) limiting trade by regulations.
B) imposing new taxes.
C) outlawing paper money in the colonies.
D) dissolving local legislatures.
E) prohibiting publication of inflammatory political tracts.

Question 10

In Europe and the Western Hemisphere, the Enlightenment's intellectual ferment most deeply influenced the

A) upper class.
B) poor.
C) nobility.
D) clergy.
E) middle class.

Question 11

Women were instrumental in the dissemination of new political ideas by

A) purchasing and discussing books of the era.
B) contributing as writers and commentators.
C) bringing together thinkers in their homes, or salons.
D) raising the argument for women's rights.
E) All of these

Question 12

Counter Enlightenment thinkers argued the importance of faith to human happiness and that:

A) People where responsible to the leaders, who were empowered by Divine Right.
B) the rights of the individual outweighed the rights of the popular consensus.
C) change and utopianism were flawed ideals
D) religion was unnecessary in the new Age of Science.
E) People were inherently flawed and need strong government to maintain stability.

Question 13

The boycott of British goods was often organized by:

A) the Sons of Liberty
B) Quakers
C) the Boston Merchant's Association
D) women of prominent colonial families
E) members of the Boston Tea Party

Question 14

Which of the following describes the Enlightenment in Europe?

A) the Scientific Revolution was applied to human society.
B) rational laws should apply to social behavior
C) systemizing knowledge and organizing reference materials
D) pursued lines of inquiry that questioned religions and politics.
E) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following was not one of the major eighteenth-century wars in Europe?

A) War of Spanish Succession
B) Thirty Years War
C) War of Austrian Succession
D) French and Indian War
E) Seven Years War

Question 16

Which of the following would John Locke have argued?

A) The king is appointed by the divine will of God, and people have to respect that.
B) Individual rights can only be guaranteed by an absolute ruler whose power is unchecked by the populace.
C) People have the right to rebellion.
D) The abolition of private property is necessary for the harmonious functioning of society.
E) Democracy does not work because not all people are equal or should be a part of the working government.

Question 17

The Proclamation of 1763 was the British attempt to

A) regain control of the colonial economy by enforcing the Navigation Acts
B) reassert that colonists were citizens of Britain only and owed allegiance to the Crown.
C) limit western expansion by colonists to land under their control.
D) declare that the American colonists could only engage in trade and commerce with Britain.
E) force the colonists to refute any independent political actions.

Question 18

Enlightenment reformers sought to ban numerous folk traditions like harvest festivals or religious holidays because

A) they were a reminder of daily drudgery.
B) they were wild, drunken revelry that was unseemly.
C) to maintain control of a passive population.
D) they were atheists and wanted people to progress to a modern era.
E) they emphasized class differences and might start revolutions.

Question 19

The American frontier issues of the eighteenth century were a result of Britain's attempt to

A) get the colonists to shoulder some of the costs of imperial wars
B) restrict other European nations from gaining a foothold in western territories
C) strip land away from native Americans.
D) threaten Dutch authority.
E) force out the French alliances with Amerindians

Question 20

Which Amerindian chief drove the British from some western outposts at the end of the Seven Years War?

A) Crazy Horse
B) Lenape
C) Pontiac
D) Chief Sitting Bull
E) Geronimo

Question 21

The Tennis Court Oath was

A) the declaration by the Third Estate that they would not convene again without a constitution.
B) a ceremony on a tennis court in which Louis XVI required his nobility to swear their oaths of allegiance to the Second Estate.
C) taken by Jacobins on the tennis court at Versailles after deposing the king.
D) where Napoleon was sworn in as head consulate in 1801.
E) an investiture of the Freemasons.

Question 22

In the Constitution, slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person

A) because they were not considered "whole" people.
B) so that their votes would not count the same as those of whites.
C) to give southern states more representatives.
D) so that slaves could have at least some representation.
E) None of these

Question 23

The system of social organization in France would have placed the clergy in

A) the first estate
B) the second estate
C) the third estate
D) clergy were not governed by secular legal classifications.
E) none of these

Question 24

The Battle of Saratoga in 1777 was crucial because it

A) brought the French into the war.
B) was a great military victory for the colonists.
C) drove the British back to the coastal areas.
D) drove the Hessians out of the war.
E) was a crossroads between the southern and northern states.

Question 25

A pivotal event that pushed popular support for independence from Britain was

A) The Boston Tea Party
B) The Stamp Act
C) The Sugar Tax
D) The Boston Massacre
E) The Olive Branch Petition

Question 26

In response to economic depression, hunger, and high bread prices in 1789, a Parisian crowd

A) burned the Palace at Versailles.
B) attacked the Bastille.
C) petitioned to have Joan of Arc made a saint.
D) protested the building of Fontainebleau.
E) took the king and queen hostage.

Question 27

The Constitution was different from the Articles of Confederation in that it

A) provided for state legislation and a two-thirds majority to pass bills.
B) created a two-house legislature.
C) required a minimum income requirement in order to vote.
D) established a separate election of president and vice president.
E) was supported by both Federalists and anti-Federalists.

Question 28

Under which state constitution were women and African Americans eligible to vote until these rights were eliminated in 1807?

A) New York
B) Massachusetts
C) Rhode Island
D) New Jersey
E) Delaware

Question 29

As a result of the French Revolution, King Louis XVI was

A) restored.
B) elected.
C) beheaded.
D) deported.
E) enriched.

Question 30

Which French Estate, with allies from the other estates, declared itself to be the National Assembly?

A) First Estate
B) Second Estate
C) Third Estate
D) Fourth Estate
E) Fifth Estate

Question 31

Which of the following did not contribute to the financial crisis that triggered the French Revolution?

A) The costs of the Seven Years War
B) The costs of the American Revolution
C) The costs of the War of Austrian Succession
D) Failure to collect taxes from the nobility
E) all of the above

Question 32

Before 1775, which of the following were tactics with which North American settlers responded to British policies?

A) Organizing committees.
B) Organizing boycotts of British goods.
C) Covering British officials in hot tar and feathers.
D) Destroying British property like British tea.
E) All of the above.

Question 33

When the Parisian crowd marched to Versailles, it

A) beheaded Marie Antoinette.
B) petitioned the Crown for assistance.
C) took the entire National Assembly captive.
D) demanded the return of the royal family to Paris.
E) demanded a change from civil to common law.

Question 34

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 is called "the Second American Revolution" because the delegates pushed aside their announced purpose and

A) it came just after the peace with England.
B) in secret wrote a new constitution presided over by George Washington.
C) of the fighting at the convention.
D) it created only a temporary form of government.
E) pitched battles broke out between Federalists and anti-Federalists.

Question 35

In 1787, the Assembly of Notables

A) acted as a rubber stamp for new reforms and taxes.
B) unquestioningly accepted the competence of the king.
C) were the first socialist government in French history.
D) declared war on Russia to raise money.
E) sought to protect their own interests.

Question 36

Common Sense, the pamphlet that stirred up anti-British sentiment on the eve of the American Revolution, was written by

A) John Locke.
B) Thomas Paine.
C) John Jay.
D) Patrick Henry.
E) Voltaire.

Question 37

In 1787, King Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General, the French national legislature, because

A) only it could control the violent peasantry.
B) the French elite would not consent to new taxes.
C) he needed its consent to impose martial law.
D) he wanted to demonstrate the power of the throne.
E) he wanted their support for the manumission of slaves.

Question 38

The French Revolution

A) did not create enduring representative institutions.
B) did not undermine the traditional monarchy.
C) did not undermine the power of the Catholic Church.
D) was a bloodless revolution.
E) inspired the American Revolution.

Question 39

The British had significant allies during the American Revolution, among them the Mohawks, while the colonists gained this country's support after their victory at Saratoga

A) French, led by Lafayette.
B) Germans, led by Von Stuben.
C) Dutch, led by Van Pelt.
D) Poles, led by Kosciuszko.
E) Mohawks, led by Joseph Brant.

Question 40

At Yorktown, with the American army supported by French soldiers and a French fleet, the British general Cornwallis

A) committed suicide.
B) was ambushed by Mohawk troops.
C) declared his support for American independence.
D) surrendered to General Washington.
E) signed the Declaration of Independence.

Question 41

In 1830, Greece won its independence from the

A) Ottoman Empire.
B) British Empire.
C) Russian Empire.
D) French Empire.
E) Byzantine Empire.

Question 42

King Louis XVI lost his authority in France when it was taken in 1792 by which agency?

A) The Directory
B) The National Assembly
C) The National Convention
D) The Legislative Assembly
E) The Estates General

Question 43

Napoleon won the support of the peasantry and the middle class by rewriting French law

A) to protect property
B) to assert equality in law
C) campaigning door to door.
D) a and b above
E) all of the above

Question 44

Aside from the brutal conditions on Saint Domingue, the island erupted in revolt because

A) rich planters, poor whites, and gens de couleur all pursued their narrow interests
B) of the turmoil in revolutionary France.
C) all trade and exports were cut off.
D) a and b above
E) all of the above

Question 45

In September of 1792, rumors of counterrevolutionary plots caused mobs to

A) attack Paris prisons, killing half of the prisoners.
B) release all those who were imprisoned by the king.
C) imprison all high government officials.
D) destroy all of the city's prisons.
E) demand that Louis XVI be reinstated to the throne.

Question 46

Desiring to extend France's power, Napoleon invaded which countries?

A) Portugal
B) Spain
C) Austria
D) Russia
E) All of the above

Question 47

The end of the Reign of Terror came in 1794 when

A) Danton was elected president by the Committee for Public Safety
B) Napoleon Bonaparte seized power.
C) Austrian forces overran Paris and deposed the National Assembly
D) Robespierre was arrested and executed by conservatives in the Convention.
E) The Constitution of 1794 was passed by majority consensus.

Question 48

The revolutions of 1848 were widespread across Europe and were inspired by

A) the establishment of permanent democracy in the Holy Roman Empire.
B) the desire for democratic reforms and national self-determination.
C) the installation of Louis Philippe as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
D) the demand that women be granted the right to vote.
E) Gil Scott-Heron's famous poem.

Question 49

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was

A) the first French constitution.
B) the French version of the Declaration of Independence.
C) a contract between the king and the National Assembly outlining certain rights.
D) the resignation of Louis XVI and recognition of a new Republic in France.
E) the Manifesto of the Committee of Public Safety.

Question 50

Napoleon's plans for European conquest were held in check by the naval supremacy of

A) Britain.
B) the Netherlands.
C) France.
D) Spain.
E) Portugal.

Question 51

After his escape from Elba, Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of

A) Waterloo.
B) the Bulge.
C) Britain.
D) Scappa Flow.
E) Stalingrad.

Question 52

The Reign of Terror claimed 40,000 lives and

A) made a new calendar without Sundays.
B) abolished clocks as symbols of the repressive industrial element of society.
C) killed hundreds of cats in Paris.
D) mutilated many nobles.
E) All of these

Question 53

Who was François Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture?

A) The leader of a slave revolt in Saint Domingue
B) The Caribbean delegate to the French Revolutionary Council
C) The great impressionist painter of the French Revolution
D) The son of Robespierre and the Empress Josephine
E) The French general who crushed the slave revolt in Saint Domingue

Question 54

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen included which of the following rights:

A) freedom of expression of ideas
B) freedom to own property
C) equality before the law for all citizens
D) representative government
E) all of the above

Question 55

Napoleon's rise to power marked another modern form of government called

A) popular sovereignty
B) enlightened despotism
C) republicanism
D) popular authoritarianism
E) proletarian dictatorship

Question 56

Most of the Jacobin members of the National Convention were

A) loyal to the monarchy.
B) advocates of military dictatorship.
C) anarchists.
D) radical republicans from the middle-class.
E) socialists.

Question 57

Support for the Haitian revolution was found in the gens de couleur, who were

A) revolutionary women's brigades
B) free men and women of color in Haiti
C) wealthy planters in Haiti
D) radical revolutionaries in the National Assembly
E) disenfranchised military officers who refused to enforce French government orders of slavery in the West Indies

Question 58

Saint Domingue was most important to France because

A) of the large numbers of Frenchmen on the island.
B) it was the French military outpost in the Americas.
C) it generated one-third of all French foreign trade.
D) it was the last part of France's overseas empire.
E) it was strategically located between St. Lucia and Martinique.

Question 59

Robespierre was a young, little-known member of which political party?

A) The Mountain
B) Royalists
C) Sans Culottes
D) Feulliants
E) Girondins

Question 60

The Congress of Vienna restored order in Europe in the post-Napoleonic period with a meeting with key delegates from:

A) Britain.
B) Prussia.
C) Austria.
D) Russia.
E) All of the above.

Question 61

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Revolutions of 1848

Question 62

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
François Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture

Question 63

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Constitutional Convention

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Prince Klemens von Metternich

Question 65

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Congress of Vienna

Question 66

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
gens de couleur

Question 67

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Joseph Brant

Question 68

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 69

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
John Locke

Question 70

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Jacobins

Question 71

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
guillotine

Question 72

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Maximilien Robespierre

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
George Washington

Question 74

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
King Louis XVI

Question 75

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Enlightenment

Question 76

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Question 77

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Estates General

Question 78

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 79

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Benjamin Franklin

Question 80

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Stamp Act of 1765