Deck 22: Anticonvulsants, Antiparkinsonian Drugs, and Agents for Alzheimers Disease

Question 1

Match each term below with the appropriate description.

Status epilepticus

A) Characterized by a 10- to 30-second loss of consciousness without falling, usually noted in children
B) True neurologic emergency
C) Characterized by loss of consciousness, falling, and generalized tonic followed by clonic contractions, primary generalized type.
D) Complex symptoms such as confusion, impaired understanding and judgment, staggering, purposeless movements, bizarre behavior, and unintelligible sounds
E) Seizures affecting only one side of the body

Answer 1

True neurologic emergency

Question 2

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category.
COMT

A)Reduces the number and/or severity of seizures
B)Interferes with neurotransmitter glutamate; used in earlier stages of Alzheimer's
C)Blocks the enzyme responsible for metabolizing levodopa
D)Used to treat Parkinson-like tremors associated with long-term use of the antipsychotics
E)"Levodopa-sparing strategy", may have a neuroprotective effect with greater specificity to dopamine receptors

Answer 2

Blocks the enzyme responsible for metabolizing levodopa

Question 3

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category.
NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine)

A)Reduces the number and/or severity of seizures
B)Interferes with neurotransmitter glutamate; used in earlier stages of Alzheimer's
C)Blocks the enzyme responsible for metabolizing levodopa
D)Used to treat Parkinson-like tremors associated with long-term use of the antipsychotics
E)"Levodopa-sparing strategy", may have a neuroprotective effect with greater specificity to dopamine receptors

Answer 3

Interferes with neurotransmitter glutamate; used in earlier stages of Alzheimer's

Question 4

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category.
Anticholinergics

A)Reduces the number and/or severity of seizures
B)Interferes with neurotransmitter glutamate; used in earlier stages of Alzheimer's
C)Blocks the enzyme responsible for metabolizing levodopa
D)Used to treat Parkinson-like tremors associated with long-term use of the antipsychotics
E)"Levodopa-sparing strategy", may have a neuroprotective effect with greater specificity to dopamine receptors

Question 5

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below.
First- and second-generation anti-convulsants

A)RLS
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Seizures
D)DIP (drug induced Parkinson's)
E)Alzheimer's disease

Question 6

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category.
Dopamine agonist

A)Reduces the number and/or severity of seizures
B)Interferes with neurotransmitter glutamate; used in earlier stages of Alzheimer's
C)Blocks the enzyme responsible for metabolizing levodopa
D)Used to treat Parkinson-like tremors associated with long-term use of the antipsychotics
E)"Levodopa-sparing strategy", may have a neuroprotective effect with greater specificity to dopamine receptors

Question 7

The drug used for management of absence epilepsy only is ______.

A) ethosuximide (Zarontin)
B) phenytoin (Dilantin)
C) carbamazepine (Tegretol)
D) lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Question 8

Match each term below with the appropriate description.

Unilateral seizures

A) Characterized by a 10- to 30-second loss of consciousness without falling, usually noted in children
B) True neurologic emergency
C) Characterized by loss of consciousness, falling, and generalized tonic followed by clonic contractions, primary generalized type.
D) Complex symptoms such as confusion, impaired understanding and judgment, staggering, purposeless movements, bizarre behavior, and unintelligible sounds
E) Seizures affecting only one side of the body

Question 9

Partial seizures may include which of the following characteristics?

A) Loss of consciousness, falling, and generalized tonic, followed by clonic contractions of the muscles
B) 10- to 30-second loss of consciousness with no falling
C) Preceded by an aura
D) Affected on only one side of the body

Question 10

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below.
anticholinergics and changing drug, dose or discontinuing

A)RLS
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Seizures
D)DIP (drug induced Parkinson's)
E)Alzheimer's disease

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE of absence seizures?

A) Most commonly occurs in adults
B) Most commonly occurs in children
C) Involves less than 30 minutes between seizures
D) Involves an abrupt loss of consciousness followed by synchronous contractions of the muscles

Question 12

Match each term below with the appropriate description.

Absence seizures

A) Characterized by a 10- to 30-second loss of consciousness without falling, usually noted in children
B) True neurologic emergency
C) Characterized by loss of consciousness, falling, and generalized tonic followed by clonic contractions, primary generalized type.
D) Complex symptoms such as confusion, impaired understanding and judgment, staggering, purposeless movements, bizarre behavior, and unintelligible sounds
E) Seizures affecting only one side of the body

Question 13

Match each term below with the appropriate description.

Partial seizures

A) Characterized by a 10- to 30-second loss of consciousness without falling, usually noted in children
B) True neurologic emergency
C) Characterized by loss of consciousness, falling, and generalized tonic followed by clonic contractions, primary generalized type.
D) Complex symptoms such as confusion, impaired understanding and judgment, staggering, purposeless movements, bizarre behavior, and unintelligible sounds
E) Seizures affecting only one side of the body

Question 14

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category.
Anticonvulsants

A)Reduces the number and/or severity of seizures
B)Interferes with neurotransmitter glutamate; used in earlier stages of Alzheimer's
C)Blocks the enzyme responsible for metabolizing levodopa
D)Used to treat Parkinson-like tremors associated with long-term use of the antipsychotics
E)"Levodopa-sparing strategy", may have a neuroprotective effect with greater specificity to dopamine receptors

Question 15

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below.
anticonvulsants, opioids, benzodiazepines, and dopamine agonists

A)RLS
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Seizures
D)DIP (drug induced Parkinson's)
E)Alzheimer's disease

Question 16

Match each term below with the appropriate description.

Tonic-clonic seizures

A) Characterized by a 10- to 30-second loss of consciousness without falling, usually noted in children
B) True neurologic emergency
C) Characterized by loss of consciousness, falling, and generalized tonic followed by clonic contractions, primary generalized type.
D) Complex symptoms such as confusion, impaired understanding and judgment, staggering, purposeless movements, bizarre behavior, and unintelligible sounds
E) Seizures affecting only one side of the body

Question 17

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below.
Dopamine replacement and agonists, anticholinergics, COMT inhibitors, MAO B inhibitors, and other agents.

A)RLS
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Seizures
D)DIP (drug induced Parkinson's)
E)Alzheimer's disease

Question 18

Which statement is TRUE of unilateral seizures?

A) Involves loss of consciousness and generalized tonic contractions of the muscles
B) 10- to 30-second loss of consciousness
C) Staggering, purposeless movements, bizarre behavior, and unintelligible sounds
D) Affects only one side of the body

Question 19

Tonic-clonic seizures are characterized by _________.

A) loss of consciousness, falling, and generalized tonic, followed by clonic contractions of the muscles
B) 10- to 30-second loss of consciousness with no falling
C) confusion, impaired understanding and judgment, staggering, purposeless movements, bizarre behavior, and unintelligible sounds, but no convulsions.
D) affecting only one side of the body.

Question 20

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below.
cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor agonists

A)RLS
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Seizures
D)DIP (drug induced Parkinson's)
E)Alzheimer's disease

Question 21

Tonic-clonic seizures were formally known as grand mal seizures.

Question 22

Anticholinergic agents may have which of the following side effects?

A) Dyskinesias, psychosis, and syncope
B) Hallucinations, confusion, and hypotension
C) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia
D) CHF, edema, and hypotension

Question 23

Which of the following drugs may aggravate RLS?

A) Antihistamines
B) Gabapentin (Neurontin)
C) benzodiazepines
D) All of the above.

Question 24

An advantage of using carbamazepine (Tegretol) over other medications to treat seizures is _________.

A) minimal sedation and cognitive adverse affects
B) does not cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome
C) no medication interactions
D) better choice in cardiac and renal patients

Question 25

Possible causes of seizure include _______.

A) intracranial infection
B) intoxication
C) hypoglycemia
D) All of the above.

Question 26

Childhood febrile seizures may signify an underlying infection.

Question 27

An FDA alert sent to health care professionals advised of an increased risk of suicidal ideation and behavior in patients receiving anticonvulsants.

Question 28

Partial seizures are activity limited to one area of the brain.

Question 29

Which of the following responses indicates a need for further education regarding anticonvulsant medications?

A) "I will be extra careful with my oral hygiene."
B) "I will get and wear a MedicAlert tag or bracelet at all times."
C) "I will take the medication with grapefruit juice to lessen side effects."
D) "I will report side effects to my doctor."

Question 30

Which of the following responses indicates a need for further education regarding antiparkinsonian drugs?

A) "I will avoid abruptly stopping my medication."
B) "I should see effects of the medication within the next couple of days."
C) "I will use caution with driving or operation of machinery."
D) "I will report any signs that the drug is no longer effective."

Question 31

Febrile seizures are a predictor of future seizures in adulthood.

Question 32

The dosages of Mirapex and Requip are the same dosage when given for RLS as is used for Parkinson's disease.

Question 33

Dopamine agonists are commonly used ______.

A) to delay onset of levodopa-caused motor complications in Parkinson's disease
B) for the treatment of tonic seizures
C) in order to decrease the amount of Aricept used in Alzheimer's patients
D) to treat restless legs syndrome

Question 34

"Clonic" refers to extension of the trunk and extremities during seizure activity.

Question 35

RLS or restless legs syndrome is a sensorimotor neurologic disorder characterized by a distressing urge to move the legs.

Question 36

Absence seizures are nonconvulsive.

Question 37

Most children who experience febrile seizures require anticonvulsant therapy.

Question 38

Side effects of amantadine (Symmetrel) DO NOT include _____.

A) hypertension
B) CHF
C) edema
D) CNS disturbances

Question 39

RLS may be treated with which of the following?

A) Neurontin
B) Benzodiazepines
C) Opioids..
D) Opioids

Question 40

All cholinesterase inhibitors used to treat Alzheimer's disease may cause GI upset.