Deck 3: The Role of Culture

Question 1

Japanese culture emphasizes the individual's development rather than the group within which the individual works.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In a low-context culture,the context is as important as what is actually said.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Cultural universals are manifestations of the total way of life of any group of people.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Attitudes are evaluations of alternatives based on values.

Question 5

Individualism has a negative relationship with acceptance of new products.

Question 6

In domestic markets,colors have more symbolic value than in international markets.

Question 7

Language is the mirror of culture.

Question 8

Field experience exposes a manager to a different cultural environment for a limited amount of time.

Question 9

Companies that tend to do the best job at web globalization are those that view themselves as domestic companies with foreign customers.

Question 10

Establishing local ties during the market-development cycle develops relationships that can counter political risk.

Question 11

Secondary reference groups include family and coworkers.

Question 12

Culture is unidimensional consisting of a single independent element.

Question 13

Ethnocentrism is the belief that all cultures are equally important.

Question 14

The United States is associated with low individualism and masculinity.

Question 15

Communication content depends on the product's or policy's relative advantage over existing alternatives.

Question 16

Acculturation is the process of adjusting and adapting to a specific culture other than one's own.

Question 17

Sensitivity training focuses on exposing a manager to a different cultural environment for a specific time span.

Question 18

Experiential knowledge is obtained from others through communication,research,and education.

Question 19

Religion affects the marketing of products and service delivery.

Question 20

Understanding manners and customs is completely irrelevant in negotiations.

Question 21

The process of adjusting and adapting to a specific culture other than one's own is termed as _____.

A) cultural imperialism
B) ethnocentrism
C) acculturation
D) back-translation

Question 22

Which of the following statements about high- and low-context cultures is true?

A) In high-context cultures, most of the information is contained explicitly in the words.
B) In low-context cultures, criticism is more subtle and is recorded formally.
C) In high-context cultures, the speaker and the listener rely on a common understanding.
D) In low-context cultures, context is at least as important as what is actually said.

Question 23

_____ are groups of people who provide values and attitudes that become influential in shaping behavior.

A) Cultural universals
B) Focus groups
C) Reference groups
D) Cultural assimilators

Question 24

Which of the following is true about culture?

A) It pertains only to the group being analyzed and does not translate to another group.
B) It has been shown that newborns have an understanding of their culture from birth and therefore it is hereditary.
C) It is inherently conservative, resisting change and fostering continuity.
D) It is difficult to articulate because culture has no distinguishing characteristics.

Question 25

Marketers who bring about cultural change through dramatic campaigns without the adaptation to culture-specific elements can be accused of cultural _____.

A) relativism
B) diffusion
C) revolution
D) imperialism

Question 26

Which of the following is true about the sources of cultural knowledge?

A) Regional integration is an example of country-specific experiential knowledge.
B) Objective information is acquired only by being involved in a culture other than one's own.
C) Experiential knowledge is obtained only from others through communication, research, and education.
D) Government regulations are an example of country-specific objective information.

Question 27

The division of a particular population into classes is termed _____.

A) cultural assimilation
B) ethnocentrism
C) social stratification
D) acculturation

Question 28

How can marketers assess the educational levels of a culture from secondary data sources?

A) By using literacy rates and enrollment in higher education
B) By calculating voter turnout rates by educational attainment
C) By assessing the male-female sex ratio through differences in education levels
D) By calculating the per capita income spent on education

Question 29

Understanding and appreciating the nuances of different cultural traits and patterns is known as _____ knowledge.

A) predictive
B) interpretive
C) self-reference
D) factual

Question 30

The manifestations of the total way of life of any group of people are referred to as cultural _____.

A) universals
B) imperialism
C) convergences
D) relativism

Question 31

Which of the following is a result of technology and is directly related to the way a society organizes its economic activity?

A) Cultural convergence
B) Cultural assimilator
C) IT education
D) Material culture

Question 32

The ideal number of participant(s)in a focus group is _____.

A) 8 to 12
B) 100 to 200
C) 1
D) 25 to 50

Question 33

The basic economic infrastructure elements of a society are _____.

A) bonding, licensure, and tariff
B) transportation, energy, and communication systems
C) housing, health, and education systems
D) government, bureaucracy, and compartmentalizing

Question 34

Which of the following is true about values and attitudes?

A) In tradition-bound societies, attitude toward change is viewed with great suspicion.
B) Attitude toward change is basically negative in industrialized countries.
C) Values are the evaluation of alternatives based on attitudes.
D) Cultural attitudes are typically a deterrent to foreign business practices.

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of country-specific experiential information?

A) Regional integration
B) Tariff barriers
C) Program appropriateness
D) Government regulations

Question 36

Which of following dimensions of culture is associated with the need for formal rules and regulations?

A) Power distance
B) Individualism versus collectivism
C) Long-term versus short-term orientation
D) Uncertainty avoidance

Question 37

Which of the following types of tests help determine the potential acceptance and proper understanding of a proposed new product?

A) Product tests
B) Brand equity tests
C) Gateway tests
D) Concept tests

Question 38

Which of the following determines the roles of managers and subordinates and the way they relate to one another?

A) Inequality
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Cultural assimilation
D) Social organization

Question 39

Which of the following United States authorities,in addition to the normal business literature and its anecdotal information,publish specific country studies?

A) The Immigration and Naturalization Service
B) The Department of Commerce
C) The Office of Foreign Assets Control
D) The Internal Revenue Service

Question 40

_____ provides the basis for transcultural similarities under shared beliefs and behavior.

A) Language
B) Social infrastructure
C) Religion
D) Education

Question 41

Which of the following is the term used to describe the belief that one's own culture is superior to others?

A) Acculturation
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Cultural relativism
D) Cultural convergence

Question 42

In order to expand their businesses internationally despite cultural differences,nowhere is companies' commitment to local markets as evident as in _____.

A) corporatization
B) exporting
C) focusing on profits
D) product offerings

Question 43

China,Hong Kong,and Singapore are associated with _____.

A) low power distance and high individualism
B) low masculinity and high individualism
C) high power distance and low uncertainty avoidance
D) high masculinity and low power distance

Question 44

Cultural _____ is the program in which trainees must respond to scenarios of specific situations in a particular country.

A) orientation
B) assimilator
C) universals
D) convergence

Question 45

Which of the following refers to a training program that exposes a manager to a different cultural environment for a limited amount of time?

A) Case studies
B) Lectures
C) Role play
D) Field experience

Question 46

Which of the following countries is an innovator and an early technology adopter,has relatively weak resistance to new products,and has a strong consumer desire for novelty and variety?

A) Thailand
B) China
C) Denmark
D) Austria

Question 47

Which of the following training methods focuses on enhancing a manager's flexibility in situations that are quite different from those at home and is based on the assumption that understanding and accepting oneself is critical to understanding a person from another culture?

A) Simulation
B) Sensitivity training
C) Lectures
D) Role plays

Question 48

Describe the analytical approach to reduce the influence of one's own cultural values.Give an example of how this approach can be applied to product introduction.

Question 49

The differences in cultural lifestyle can be accounted for by five major dimensions of culture that include individualism-collectivism,power distance,uncertainty avoidance,gender-role orientation,and _____ orientation.

A) political versus economical
B) age versus educational
C) physiological versus psychological
D) long-term versus short-term

Question 50

Relatively weak resistance to new products is one of the marketing implications for countries that are _____.

A) high in power distance
B) low in uncertainty avoidance
C) low in individualism
D) high in masculinity

Question 51

Explain the role of language capability in the effective conduct of business communications and transactions in international marketing.

Question 52

Which of the following should be a basic prerequisite for other types of training programs?

A) Sensitivity training
B) Simulation
C) Area studies
D) Field experience

Question 53

Sensitivity training and case studies are examples of the _____ training method.

A) experiential
B) analytical
C) factual
D) role play

Question 54

Which of the following is one way in which companies have tried to avoid the training problem inherent in being an international company?

A) Hiring only well-traveled executives for overseas operations
B) Standardizing all processes and products in the host country like those in the home country
C) Hiring only home country employees for overseas operations
D) Outsourcing its operations to a country with a cheap but skilled labor force

Question 55

Which of the following is true of cross-cultural training methods?

A) Sensitivity training exposes a manager to a different cultural environment for a limited amount of time.
B) Although the expense of placing and maintaining an expatriate is high, field experience is commonly used in training.
C) Area studies programs provide factual preparation for a manager to operate in, or work with people from, a particular country.
D) The cultural assimilator program has been used in particular in cases of transfers abroad where there is adequate time to prepare.

Question 56

Which of the following countries is associated with small power distance,low uncertainty avoidance,high individualism,and low masculinity?

A) Australia
B) Sweden
C) China
D) Japan

Question 57

The unconscious allusion to one's own cultural values is known as _____ criterion.

A) high-context
B) collectivist
C) ethnocentric
D) self-reference

Question 58

What are the strategies that indicate how culture and its appreciation may serve as a tool to ensure marketing success?