Deck 3: Race,Ethnicity,and Immigration

Question 1

One important difference between ethnicity and race is

A) the greater importance of ethnicity over race.
B) the sometimes voluntary nature of ethnicity.
C) that the U.S. Census measures race but not ethnicity.
D) that race, but not ethnicity, can change over the course of a lifetime.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The one-drop rule helps explain what about Barack Obama?

A) His blood type confirms his African descent.
B) Why he was labeled the first black president.
C) How his racial background is rooted in biology.
D) Since he has a white mother, he is technically white.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Pravit,an Indian man,married Sharon,a white woman.Their marriage is an example of

A) endogamy
B) exogamy
C) blended family
D) extended family

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The U.S.Census Bureau collects race-based data despite the lack of biological difference across race.What does this say about race in the United States?

A) Deeply felt divisions between groups of people remain socially important.
B) The Census Bureau is not as advanced as the scientific community.
C) The biologists are wrong.
D) The U.S. government is attempting to justify white supremacy.

Question 5

Jamilla,who had a white mother,was brought up to see herself as white.When asked,she would say she was white.However,as she grew older,she began to embrace her Arab heritage and to instead identify as mixed race.Jamilla's example illustrates the strong role of what in racial identification?

A) fingerprints
B) the law
C) self-identification
D) cultural practices

Question 6

Contrary to earlier scientific beliefs,today's biologists generally see race as

A) something that can be clearly identified through genetics.
B) populations of the different continents.
C) differences that mostly evolved randomly.
D) a way to rank a population's advancement and evolution.

Question 7

An ethnic group perceived to share physical characteristics is called

A) racial ethnicity
B) race
C) ethnography
D) ethnocentrism

Question 8

An ethnicity is a group of people with a common cultural identification,based on a combination of language,religion,ancestral origin,or _____________.

A) genetics
B) shared wealth
C) skin color
D) traditional practices

Question 9

Why does the U.S.Census Bureau,the government's main statistical agency,attempt to collect data about racial categories?

A) to attempt to define race biologically and anthropologically
B) to allocate welfare benefits by race
C) to chart genetic predispositions to certain diseases
D) to reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country

Question 10

A race is a group of people believed to share common descent,based on _____________.

A) perceived innate physical similarities
B) shared biology
C) collective cultural practices
D) marriage

Question 11

As some researchers have discovered,whites often

A) do not identify themselves as members of any racial or ethnic group.
B) identify themselves as members of multiple racial or ethnic groups.
C) change their racial and ethnic identifications across their life course.
D) view themselves as inferior to other racial ethnic groups.

Question 12

Jarrod O'Reilly's favorite holiday is St.Patrick's Day,since he is of Irish descent.He wears green,throws a big party,and even drinks green beer.But for the rest of the year,Jarrod does not think much about his Irish background,illustrating

A) the upper-class status of the Irish race.
B) the sometimes voluntary nature of ethnicity.
C) the ongoing prejudice experienced by the Irish.
D) disposition for alcoholism among those of Irish descent.

Question 13

One important modern principle used in almost all data collection about race and ethnicity involves:

A) genetics
B) social media
C) face scanning
D) self-identification

Question 14

According to the one-drop rule

A) an Asian woman could give birth to a Hispanic child, but a Hispanic woman couldn't give birth to an Asian child.
B) a Hispanic woman could give birth to an Asian child, but an Asian woman couldn't give birth to a Hispanic child.
C) a black woman could give birth to a white child, but a white woman couldn't give birth to a black child.
D) a white woman could give birth to a black child, but a black woman couldn't give birth to a white child.

Question 15

Despite a remarkable loosening of the boundaries in the United States,most people still live,marry,reproduce,and raise children primarily

A) within their own racial-ethnic group.
B) without the help of their parents.
C) in nuclear families.
D) in racially integrated neighborhoods.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of exogamy?

A) a white man marrying another white man
B) a Mexican man divorcing his Puerto Rican wife
C) a white Mormon man marrying multiple white women
D) an Asian man marrying an African woman

Question 17

Since 1880,the race and ethnicity categories on the U.S.Census form have changed

A) every ten years.
B) every twenty-five years.
C) every fifty years.
D) every hundred years.

Question 18

Which surface difference is perhaps most important biologically?

A) skin color
B) facial shape
C) hair type
D) height

Question 19

The most important recent change in how the U.S.Census measures race is

A) the additional options under each category.
B) the omission of the category "Latino."
C) the option to check more than one category.
D) the requirement that each person fill out their own form.

Question 20

Marriage and reproduction within a distinct group is called _____________; marriage and reproduction outside one's distinct group is called _____________.

A) homogomy; polyamory
B) endogamy; exogamy
C) nuclear; mixed
D) straight; queer

Question 21

Why do sociologists claim that joblessness led African Americans to retreat from the institution of marriage?

A) Men without jobs lost interest in marriage and family.
B) Men without jobs usually do not make attractive marriage partners.
C) The cost of weddings was too high.
D) Single women tend to fare better economically than married women.

Question 22

Why do some white Americans have a strong ethnic identity while others do not?

A) Higher-class whites tend to hold on more to their ethnicity.
B) Not all Europeans in the United States were automatically considered white.
C) There are low rates of intermarriage among white ethnic groups.
D) Whites have no culture.

Question 23

In 2010,what percentage of people with an American Indian racial identity were living on reservations or other tribal lands?

A) 22
B) 44
C) 66
D) 88

Question 24

Unmarried,young black women outnumber married,employed black men in their age group by what factor in the four biggest metropolitan areas?

A) 2 to 1
B) 3 to 1
C) 4 to 1
D) 5 to 1

Question 25

Why is it difficult to identify what a "traditional" American Indian family practice is?

A) American Indians despise the notion of "tradition."
B) There has been massive disruption of American Indian families by the U.S. government.
C) There are too few American Indian families left.
D) American Indians often do not cooperate with social science researchers.

Question 26

Many sociologists criticize the Moynihan Report,which attributes ongoing racial inequality in large part to the nature of black family life,because it

A) does not address the phenomenon of single black mothers.
B) places too much emphasis on homosexuality among black men.
C) takes too much of a feminist approach.
D) "blames the victim" and contributes to racist stereotypes.

Question 27

The growth of the black middle class has been a cultural event,partly because it

A) represents a dramatic change from the historical dominance of first rural and then urban poverty.
B) fails to encapsulate the ongoing poverty among black families.
C) whitewashes black family life, imposing a narrative about African American family history on all black families.
D) celebrates the sexual diversity of black families.

Question 28

Which group is gradually losing its dominant numerical status in proportion to other racial-ethnic groups?

A) White
B) American Indian
C) Asian / Pacific Islander
D) Black

Question 29

Which racial-ethnic group is most likely to have grandparents living with grandchildren?

A) American Indian
B) White
C) African American
D) Hispanic

Question 30

According to the U.S.Census,the greatest population growth can be found within which race?

A) White
B) Hispanic
C) Asian / Pacific Islander
D) Black

Question 31

How many black children born in 1990 at some point experienced incarceration of a parent?

A) 1 in 4
B) 1 in 10
C) 1 in 20
D) 1 in 100

Question 32

In sociology,a group that occupies a subordinate status in society is called

A) majority group.
B) minority group.
C) in-group.
D) out-group.

Question 33

Which of the following is a main factor behind U.S.population change?

A) lower birth rates among new immigrants
B) increasing rates of interracial marriage
C) a shrinking elderly population
D) immigration from Latin America and Asia

Question 34

The rapid growth of the American Indian population over the last century-and the last 50 years in particular-is mostly due to

A) reparations to American Indians to make up for centuries of genocide.
B) welfare from the U.S. government, which focuses on prenatal care.
C) greater desire, or willingness, of those with mixed ancestry to express that identity.
D) encouragement for American Indians to marry and have children with people of different racial backgrounds.

Question 35

Which two lines of thought have framed much of the research on black family life and family structure?

A) the Protestant ethic and the prevalence of nuclear families
B) poverty and sexual promiscuity
C) the impact of slavery and family resilience
D) polygamy and assimilation

Question 36

Which of the following social phenomena helped lead to the rise of concentrated urban poverty among African Americans?

A) assimilation
B) endogamy
C) divorce
D) deindustrialization

Question 37

Erica,an African American woman,gave birth to her first child when she was unmarried and 21 years old.What is one reason sociologists might believe Erica is representative of other African American single mothers?

A) She had a child so she could receive welfare benefits.
B) Her romantic partner was recently incarcerated due to racial profiling.
C) Her father was abusive to her as a child.
D) She lacked the social skills necessary for finding and securing a romantic partner.

Question 38

Which historical practice among American Indians has gained the attention of social scientists?

A) the acceptance of informal same-sex marriage
B) the patriarchal family structure
C) the prevalence of unmarried American Indian men
D) the one-child limit

Question 39

Which of the following historically limited black family structure?

A) religion
B) poverty
C) laziness
D) polygamy

Question 40

According to statistics,what is the largest racial group in the United States?

A) Latino
B) Asian
C) White
D) Black

Question 41

The stereotype of Asian Americans as successful students-the "model minority"-may

A) prevent hostility.
B) encourage cultural unity.
C) warp the expectations held by and of students.
D) encourage violence against Asian Americans.

Question 42

Assimilation can be described as

A) the acquisition of a new culture and language.
B) the gradual reduction of ethnic distinction between immigrants and mainstream society.
C) what happens when children develop English ability more quickly and integrate into a new society more easily than their parents.
D) marriage between members of different racial or ethnic groups.

Question 43

When Julio and his family moved to New York City from the Dominican Republic,he went to an English-speaking school.However,he continued to speak Spanish at home.This is an example of

A) assimilation
B) acculturation
C) gentrification
D) homogamy

Question 44

The 1942-1964 Bracero Program,which extended "temporary" work permits to millions of Mexican workers,had what effect on Mexican families?

A) It encouraged single men to send remittances back home to Mexico.
B) It allowed workers to become citizens.
C) It opened the door for many families to settle in the United States.
D) It encouraged alcoholism among Mexican men.

Question 45

The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act

A) barred Chinese from becoming citizens and blocked new immigration.
B) allowed Chinese workers, almost all of them men, to bring their families with them.
C) allowed citizenship only for Chinese who were born in the United States.
D) was challenged by Chinese solidarity activists in the western part of the United States.

Question 46

The concept of social distance illustrates

A) how closely people of different races live to one another.
B) the acceptance that members of one group have toward those of another.
C) the distance between immigrants and their families of origin.
D) how far one climbs on the socioeconomic ladder.

Question 47

A personal outlook that puts family obligations first,before individual well-being,is called

A) familism
B) Christianity
C) nuclear family
D) altruism

Question 48

At 13 percent,the proportion of U.S.residents born in another country is higher than it has been since

A) 1850
B) 1910
C) 1940
D) 2000

Question 49

Most Latino families in the United States are of what origin?

A) Puerto Rican
B) Cuban
C) Dominican
D) Mexican

Question 50

Recent waves of immigrants from Southeast Asia were

A) political and economic refugees without political skills or education.
B) managerial or professional workers seeking high-paying jobs.
C) illegal immigrants looking for any work they could get.
D) doctors recruited by U.S. hospitals to enter the medical profession.

Question 51

Which of the following racial-ethnic groups are you least likely to find in an American nursing home?

A) White
B) Latino
C) African American
D) American Indian

Question 52

Which of the following is characteristic of the average Latino family in the United States?

A) rising marriage rates
B) fewer children per family
C) single-family households
D) younger average age

Question 53

Lashalla,an African American woman,is on a dating show in which she must pick one of four male suitors to marry.Based on what you know about race and marriage patterns,which suitor is she most likely to pick?

A) Chuck, the Latino man
B) Barry, the white man
C) Idris, the black man
D) Stephen, the Asian American man

Question 54

Family-based immigration may have which of the following consequences?

A) It can decrease the social distance between immigrant groups and the rest of society.
B) It can discourage work among new immigrants.
C) It encourages immigrant families to speak English at home.
D) It ensures that immigrant communities are regularly "replenished."

Question 55

The 1967 Supreme Court case Loving v.Virginia declared what unconstitutional?

A) laws against homosexuality
B) laws preventing immigration
C) polygamy
D) laws against interracial marriage

Question 56

In 1973,President Richard Nixon was privately discussing abortion rights (which he opposed)when a hidden microphone captured him saying,"There are times when an abortion is necessary.I know that.When you have a black and a white.Or a rape." This instance illustrates

A) how the Loving v. Virginia Supreme Court case eliminated prejudice against interracial marriage.
B) the strength of taboos against interracial relations, especially between whites and blacks.
C) the power of the president of the United States to shape racial relations.
D) why interracial marriage should continue to be outlawed.

Question 57

In 1894,Wong Kim Ark,who was born in San Francisco,attempted to visit his parents in China.On his return,authorities declared that,due to which law,he could not be a citizen because his parents were Chinese?

A) 1792 Sedition Act
B) 1814 Citizenship Reform
C) 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
D) 1850 War Brides Act

Question 58

Which immigration act lifted all numerical restrictions on the immigration of spouses,children,and parents of U.S.citizens?

A) 1924 Immigration Act
B) 2002 Homeland Security Act
C) 1965 Amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act
D) 2005 International Marriage Broker Regulation Act

Question 59

More than three-quarters of Latinos speak Spanish at home because

A) they are too lazy to learn English.
B) there is a continuing flow of immigrants into the United States.
C) they do not want to assimilate into the mainstream community.
D) children brought up speaking Spanish tend to fare better in school.

Question 60

Which minority group is least likely to marry outside its own race?

A) American Indian
B) Asian American
C) Latino
D) Black

Question 61

Compare and contrast the concepts of race and ethnicity.

Question 62

How do immigrant families adapt to their new cultural environments over the course of generations?

Question 63

America's increasing racial and ethnic diversity

A) makes visible the idea of different families enacting different traditions in their own way.
B) eliminates social conflicts that arise over different forms and expressions of family life.
C) decreases diversity among families in the United States.
D) makes equal access to education more viable.

Question 64

Explain how the U.S.Census Bureau has changed how it measures race.What are some of the implications of these changes?

Question 65

Dean Durrant,who is of West Indian origin,and Alison Sponner,who is white,have two sets of twins.In each set,strangers would probably label the twins as different races.What does this example tell you about the relationship between biology and race?

Question 66

Some sociologists believe that intermarriage is a good measure of social distance because

A) couples usually have to move far away to live close to one another.
B) it shows the breakdown-or lack thereof-of society's most rigid taboos.
C) people who immigrate to the United States increase the distance between themselves and their families.
D) intermarriage tends to solidify boundaries between racial groups.

Question 67

When the General Social Survey asked whites in the early 1990s how they would feel about a close relative marrying a black person,the majority expressed either some opposition or strong opposition.In the two decades since,there has been a steep drop in such attitudes.This change may be due to

A) growing acceptance of diversity among both younger and older generations.
B) changing laws regarding intermarriage.
C) the power of majority groups to shape national opinion.
D) older generations being replaced by cohorts born and raised more recently.

Question 68

Name and describe two different immigrant legislation acts and the impact they had on families.

Question 69

How has the U.S.racial-ethnic composition been changing over time? What are the implications of these changes for understanding the family?

Question 70

What are some of the explanations sociologists have given regarding the phenomenon of single black women? What has been the impact of each of these explanations?

Question 71

Explain how,in the United States,the stiffest barrier to integration has been between whites and African Americans.

Question 72

Considering the confusing definitions and uses of concepts like race and ethnicity,why do sociologists and government bureaucrats go to the trouble of classifying people this way?

Question 73

Drawing on the concepts you learned throughout this chapter,consider the concept of social distance.What is social distance,and how do you think trends in social distance will change over time in the United States?