Deck 13: Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Question 1

Which statement is true regarding the refractory period?

A)After multiple orgasms,women are briefly unresponsive to further sexual stimulation.
B)Men experience a sense of orgasmic inevitability,and ejaculation cannot be prevented.
C)Following orgasm,the body returns to its pre-aroused state.
D)Men are unresponsive to sexual stimulation for a certain amount of time.
E)Men are responsive to further sexual stimulation,if that stimulation quickly after orgasm.

Answer 1

Men are unresponsive to sexual stimulation for a certain amount of time.

Question 2

Hypoactive desire disorder is mainly a __________ issue.

A)medical
B)biological
C)psychological
D)genetic
E)physiological

Answer 2

psychological

Question 3

All of the following events take place during the excitement phase EXCEPT

A)swelling of the genital tissues.
B)rapid,shallow breathing.
C)elevation of the testes.
D)muscles tense.
E)increased heart rate.

Answer 3

elevation of the testes.

Question 4

All of the following statements regarding the four stages of the sexual response cycle are true EXCEPT

A)the refractory period is the final stage of the sexual response cycle.
B)during the plateau phase,arousal becomes more intense.
C)in men,orgasm comprises two stages.
D)vasocongestion occurs during the excitement phase.
E)rhythmic,muscular contractions are experienced during orgasm.

Question 5

The four stages of the sexual response cycle are

A)arousal,intercourse,orgasm,release.
B)arousal,foreplay,orgasm,relaxation.
C)arousal,bodily response,genital response,orgasm.
D)neutrality,arousal,climax,anti-climax.
E)excitement,plateau,orgasm,resolution.

Question 6

Shari has come to see you at the Sexual Dysfunctions Clinic,because she is feeling very distressed over the fact that she never feels like engaging in sexual activity with her partner.Shari and her partner have had many arguments over this lack of interest,and she decided to see a therapist.In consulting the DSM-5,you would likely diagnose her with

A)sexual aversion disorder.
B)female sexual interest/arousal disorder.
C)female sexual arousal disorder.
D)female orgasm problems.
E)dyspareunia.

Question 7

Which of the following sexual activities was permissible,according to St.Augustine?

A)precoital activities
B)sexual activity with a same-sex partner
C)sex for recreation
D)masturbation
E)sex for procreation

Question 8

Research on sexuality during the 20th century was greeted with __________ by most people.

A)skepticism
B)shock
C)animosity
D)disinterest
E)interest

Question 9

The first medical textbook on sexual aberrations,__________ was published by __________ in 1901.

A)Psychopathia Sexualia;Krafft-Ebing
B)Sexual Abnormalities;St.Augustine
C)The Treatise of Onanism;Tissot
D)Teachings of Christianity;Reverend Sylvester Graham
E)Human Sexuality;Dr.John Harvey Kellogg

Question 10

In the 1970s,a person who was attracted to people of the same sex and was conflicted about this sexual preference would have been diagnosed with

A)homosexual gender dysphoria.
B)gender dysphoria.
C)heterosexual gender dysphoria.
D)egodystonic homosexuality.
E)gender identity disorder.

Question 11

A difficulty NOT identified by researchers of "normal" sexual response is:

A)variability in normal behaviour
B)sexuality being a private topic
C)gender-related over- and under-reporting of behaviour
D)difficulty formulating the appropriate questions
E)people who participate in sexuality research are probably different from those who do not

Question 12

The textbook names which of the following distinctions as being important in classifying and understanding sexual dysfunctions?

A)variable vs.constant;developmental vs.acquired
B)lifelong vs.acquired;generalized vs.situational
C)variable vs.constant;generalized vs.situational
D)developmental vs.acquired;aversive vs.systolic
E)developmental vs.acquired;functional vs.cognitive

Question 13

Kellogg's cornflakes and graham crackers were developed to treat the ills of

A)sexual dysfunctions.
B)fears of sexual intercourse.
C)Montezuma's revenge.
D)excessive sexuality.
E)gastrointestinal problems.

Question 14

Although there is considerable cultural variability in sexual attitudes and behaviours,two almost universal norms pertain to:

A)age of acceptable sex;extra-marital sex
B)age at which intercourse is acceptable;incest taboo
C)extra-marital sex;kissing as a form of sexual interaction
D)kissing as a form of sexual interaction;incest taboo
E)kissing as a form of sexual interaction;extra-marital sex as forbidden

Question 15

Tissot,in his 1776 treatise,ascribed a variety of psychological and physical difficulties to

A)masturbation.
B)premarital sexual intercourse.
C)oral-genital sex.
D)sexual activity with a same-sex partner.
E)anal sex.

Question 16

During the 19th century,if you were dull,untrustworthy or lazy,doctors would likely treat you by

A)prescribing a high fat and a high sugar diet.
B)prescribing a diet of bland food.
C)placing you in an institution.
D)giving you herbs and spices.
E)ointments and lotions.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is false regarding female sexual interest/arousal disorder?

A)It may be one of the least understood of all sexual dysfunctions.
B)There is a low correlation between subjective arousal and genital response.
C)Arousal is measured directly by the lubrication and vasocongestion of the genital area.
D)Women with this disorder want to become aroused,but are unable to.
E)Underdiagnosis appears common.

Question 18

The main finding of the Alexander and Fisher (2003)study,where participants reported their sexual behaviour under three conditions was:

A)males were consistent in their reporting across conditions;females reported higher rates of key sexual behaviours in the condition where they would be expected to believe that false reporting would be detected
B)males over-reported key sexual behaviours,particularly when they rated the researcher as attractive
C)females under-reported key sexual behaviours,particularly when they were interviewed by an older female researcher
D)males consistently over-reported key sexual behaviours
E)females were consistent in their reporting across conditions;males reported lower rates of key sexual behaviours in the condition where they would be expected to believe that false reporting would be detected

Question 19

Merging Female Sexual Arousal Disorder with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder for women in DSM-5 is based on:

A)recognition of aversive processes going on for many women that are not accounted for in the current criteria.
B)the presence of comorbid disorders existing for many women with Hypoactive Desire.
C)the finding that female Sexual Arousal Disorder is much easier to diagnose.
D)the finding that the processes of arousal and desire overlap for many women.
E)the criticism that the former categories were male-centered and hypersexual.

Question 20

The stages--desire,excitement,orgasm--were proposed as an alternative model by

A)Kinsey.
B)Kaplan.
C)Krafft-Ebing.
D)Masters and Johnson.
E)Freud.

Question 21

The DSM-5 combined Vaginismus and Dyspareunia into one disorder.One reason FOR and one reason AGAINST this proposed change is that:

A)Aclinicians are not well-able to differentiate between the two;however,most women with Vaginismus demonstrate avoidance behaviours during the procedures of a study whereas the women with Dyspareunia do not
B)there is overlap between features of the disorder;however,Vaginismus does not have a clear basis in anxiety as does Dyspareunia
C)both disorders have a basis in anxiety;however only Vaginismus is typically present at the moment of orgasm whereas Dyspareunia dissipates with sexual response
D)both disorders have a clear physical basis;however,their physical bases are different
E)there is overlap in the physical correlates of the disorders;however,Dyspareunia does not have a clear basis in anxiety

Question 22

The majority of physical treatments to treat sexual dysfunction have been developed to treat

A)male erectile dysfunction.
B)arousal disorders.
C)pain disorders.
D)premature ejaculation.
E)hypoactive sexual disorder.

Question 23

The most common sexual complaint of males is

A)erectile disorder.
B)dyspareunia.
C)premature ejaculation.
D)hypoactive disorder.
E)orgasmic disorder.

Question 24

Which of the following hormones is not mentioned as being implicated in the sexual response?

A)cortisol
B)estrogen
C)testosterone
D)prolactin
E)all of these hormones are involved in the sexual response.

Question 25

The most common physical treatment for sexual dysfunctions has been

A)muscle relaxants.
B)surgical interventions for sexual pain disorder.
C)medications for sexual pain disorder.
D)physical implants for erectile disorder.
E)medications for erectile disorder.

Question 26

Which of the following treatments appears to be effective for provoked vestibulodynia?

A)progressive muscle relaxation
B)diaphragmatic breathing
C)pelvic floor physiotherapy
D)reflexology
E)visualization exercises

Question 27

Which statement is NOT true regarding erectile problems in males?

A)The incidence of the disorder decreases with increasing age.
B)Erectile difficulties are the most common complaint of men seeking help for sexual dysfunctions.
C)Erectile problems can result in embarrassment,depression,and even suicidal inclinations.
D)Most men will delay coming to a professional.
E)The previous term for this problem was impotence.

Question 28

Common and well-established physical treatments for erectile dysfunction in males include __________,__________,and __________.

A)penile implants;PDE-5 inhibitors;hormonal bypass surgery
B)penile implants;PDE-5 inhibitors;pelvic floor physiotherapy
C)penile implants;surgical interventions;PDE5 inhibitors
D)effusive impedimentation;surgical interventions;hormonal bypass
E)penile implants;PDE-5 inhibitors;vascular blockage

Question 29

All of the following statements are true regarding orgasmic disorders EXCEPT

A)orgasmic disorders are some of the most commonly reported sexual dysfunctions.
B)female orgasmic disorder is much more common than male orgasmic disorder.
C)women are more likely to experience orgasm through masturbation than with a partner.
D)orgasmic disorder in men and women is also known as anorgasmia.
E)DSM-5 requires a delay in or absence of orgasm following normal excitement,causing distress or interpersonal difficulty.

Question 30

Fred and his partner are seeking treatment for Fred's premature ejaculation.The therapist suggests that the couple stimulate Fred's penis to nearly full erection and then firmly press the penis to reduce arousal.This process is repeated until Fred can refrain from ejaculating for extended periods.This treatment technique is referred to as

A)pain modification.
B)sensate focus.
C)diversion therapy.
D)the "squeeze" technique.
E)arousal desensitization.

Question 31

DSM-5 classifies the persistent or recurrent inability to reach or sustain an erection until completion of sexual activity as

A)failure to ejaculate.
B)hypoactive sexual disorder.
C)male orgasmic disorder.
D)impotence.
E)male erectile disorder.

Question 32

Which of the following has not been identified as a complication associated with intra-cavernous therapy for erectile dysfunction?

A)hypersexuality disorder
B)penile pain
C)development of scar tissue
D)prolonged erections
E)fibrosis

Question 33

Regarding hypersexuality,which of the following statements,is true:

A)The concept of hypersexuality was first described in the 1960s,following the sexual revolution.
B)In men,hypersexuality is also called nymphomania.
C)For most people in the population,hypersexuality is a desirable state.
D)Scientists agree with the notion that hypersexuality should be reconceptualized as an addiction.
E)Those with hypersexuality often engage in sexual activity to regulate negative emotional states.

Question 34

Sensate focus is a procedure where

A)sexual education is a major component.
B)couples learn to experience sexual enjoyment without ever having intercourse.
C)couples learn techniques to communicate effectively with each other,about all issues,not just sexual issues.
D)specific instructions for lovemaking are given,starting with pleasuring and then with intercourse.
E)couples learn to be comfortable with each other,to pleasure and enjoy each other at first without sexual intercourse.

Question 35

The monitoring of one's own sexual performance and the perceived responses of one's partner is referred to as __________ and is a common factor associated with __________.

A)performance anxiety;arousal disorders
B)social anxiety;sexual desire disorders
C)Demand response;sexual desire disorders
D)sexual anxiety;all sexual dysfunctions
E)sexual performance;male erectile disorder

Question 36

Overall,psychological sex therapies have been quite successful in treating sexual dysfunctions,including __________,__________,and __________.

A)premature ejaculation;genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder;erectile dysfunction
B)generalized sexual dysfunctions;lifelong sexual dysfunctions;developmental sexual dysfunctions
C)sexual aversion disorder;male sexual arousal disorder;dyspareunia
D)generalized sexual dysfunctions;acquired sexual dysfunctions;intermittent dysfunctions
E)generalized sexual dysfunctions;lifelong sexual dysfunctions;acquired sexual dysfunctions

Question 37

Nadia and Pat are in a long-term relationship and have had an active sex life,except that Nadia has never been able to achieve orgasm.If she went to seek treatment,it is likely that the therapist would recommend

A)yohimbine hydrochloride
B)Gingko biloba
C)an in-depth examination by a gynecologist prior to any treatments
D)hypnotherapy
E)masturbation exercises

Question 38

In an effort towards greater precision in diagnosing Female Orgasmic Disorder,DSM-5:

A)identifies three stages of sexual response and provide guidelines as to how to diagnose dysfunction at each of the three stages.
B)requires that one of three indicators of reduced orgasmic response be present for at least six months and experienced on most occasions.
C)requires that orgasm be absent on most sexual occasions for at least six months.
D)identifies four subtypes of Orgasmic Disorder,based upon recognized etiological mechanisms.
E)identifies four subtypes,based upon type of impairment experienced.

Question 39

Variations in the hormones __________,__________,and __________ can strongly affect sex drive and are thought to play a role in cases __________ of sexual desire disorder

A)estrogen,testosterone,prolactin;many
B)estrogen,testosterone,prolactin;few
C)estrogen,testosterone,oxytocin;few
D)estrogen,testosterone,oxytocin;many
E)estrogen,testosterone,cholecystokinin;many

Question 40

Cross-cultural research has found that,with regard to tolerance of gender-variance,other cultures:

A)are similar to Western cultures in that there is very little room for persons who vary from "male" and "female" gender identities
B)allow for some transgressing of gender roles
C)allow for some transgressing of gender roles and provide gender-variant individuals with a distinct name and role in society
D)are often less tolerant than Western cultures of persons who deviate from specific gender roles
E)regard our tolerance and permissive attitudes as a sign of weakness

Question 41

Which of the following statements regarding exhibitionists is true?

A)There are no reports of exhibitionists ever committing rape.
B)It is rare that exhibitionists will commit other sexual offenses.
C)A substantial number of exhibitionists go on to more serious offenses.
D)Most exhibitionists suffer marital problems,usually involving sexual issues.
E)Exhibitionism is a relatively rare phenomenon.

Question 42

All of the following statements about voyeurs are true EXCEPT

A)voyeurs are frequently referred to as "peeping toms."
B)the majority of voyeurs will eventually begin to commit more serious sexual offenses such as sexual assault.
C)about half of voyeurs recognized their interest in voyeurism before the age of 15.
D)many voyeurs also engage in exhibitionism.
E)voyeurs find it sexually exciting to watch other people undress or engage in sexual activity.

Question 43

Pedophilic disorder is diagnosed when the person is at least __________ years old and at least ______ years older than the victim.

A)10;5
B)15;2
C)25;5
D)16;5
E)20;10

Question 44

Tony is a 10-year-old boy who prefers to play stereotypical "girl" games such as "house" and "dolls." Tony does not enjoy playing with boys or playing games such as trucks and guns.Tony's parents became concerned that something was wrong with their son and they brought him in for an evaluation.Tony reported that he does prefer girls as playmates and that he likes "girls' games" better as well.He knows that he is a boy,and he has no urge to wear dresses.Tony would likely be diagnosed with

A)nothing,since his behaviour does not meet the criteria for a disorder.
B)oppositional defiant disorder.
C)gender role confusion.
D)gender dysphoria.
E)gender identity disorder.

Question 45

DSM-5 replaced Gender Identity Disorder with:

A)Gender Dysphoric Disorder
B)Gender Dysphoria in children and in adults
C)Gender Dysphoria
D)Gender Dysphoria with or without a disorder of sex development
E)Gender Dissatisfaction Disorder,with or without a disorder of sex development

Question 46

The ambiguous nature of the terms "recurrent" and __________ has possibly contributed to the reduced reliability of diagnosing pedophilic disorder.

A)"duration"
B)"excitement"
C)"intense"
D)"pleasure"
E)"arousal"

Question 47

The diagnosis of __________ has shown poor reliability.

A)sexual offender
B)child molester
C)voyeuristic disorder
D)frotteuristic disorder
E)pedophilic disorder

Question 48

The paraphilic disorders listed in DSM-5 include all of the following EXCEPT

A)sexual sadism.
B)fetishistic disorder.
C)voyeuristic disorder.
D)pedophilic disorder.
E)gender dysphoria.

Question 49

Gender dysphoria is diagnosed when

A)society's conception of the individual is discrepant with that person's biological sex.
B)the individual's experienced gender identity is not consistent with his or her biological sex.
C)the individual shows signs of early sexual maturity.
D)the individual prefers to wear clothes not consistent with his or her biological sex.
E)the individual shows signs of hermaphroditism.

Question 50

Sexual arousal as a result of inflicting pain or humiliation on others is considered __________,while arousal due to one's own pain is __________.

A)sadomasochism;fetishistic disorder
B)sexual masochism;sexual sadism
C)sexual sadism;sexual masochism
D)a sexual offense;sadomasochism
E)voyeuristic disorder;exhibitionistic disorder

Question 51

John believes that he is actually a female trapped in a man's body.John wears dresses and make-up,has gotten electrolysis to remove his facial hair and insists on being called "Joan." He is sexually attracted to males and has been labeled effeminate since he was young.John would most likely receive a diagnosis of

A)gender dysphoria.
B)cross-dressing.
C)sexual preference disorder.
D)transvestic disorder.
E)fetish disorder.

Question 52

The sexual offense with the highest rate of re-offending is

A)voyeuristic.
B)exhibitionistic.
C)child molestation.
D)frotteuristic.
E)fetishistic.

Question 53

Treatment of gender dysphoria generally involves __________ and results in __________.

A)hormonal therapy;decrease in the desired secondary sex characteristics
B)surgery;many problems and dissatisfaction
C)cognitive-behaviour therapy;poor outcomes
D)psychological therapy;change in gender conceptualization among children
E)sex-reassignment surgery;satisfactory outcomes

Question 54

The distinction between a child molester and someone with a pedophilic disorder is mostly a matter of:

A)preference for sexual behaviour with a child.
B)the age of the victims.
C)the age of the offender.
D)the presence of a mental disorder.
E)there is no difference between a child molester and a person with pedophilic disorder.

Question 55

An individual committing this offense will become sexually aroused by touching or rubbing up against an unsuspecting person.This activity is

A)pedophilic.
B)voyeuristic.
C)sensationalism.
D)partialism.
E)frotteuristic.

Question 56

Joe and Beth have been married for over 10 years and have a satisfying marriage.Beth finds it very arousing and pleasurable to tie Joe up,dress in a leather outfit with spikes,and verbally degrade him.Joe is required to behave submissively during these acts.Both partners find this behaviour sexually enjoyable.Beth's sexual behaviour is best described as

A)sexual sadism.
B)voyeuristic disorder.
C)klismaphilia.
D)fetishistic disorder.
E)sexual masochism.

Question 57

Autoerotic asphyxia is seen in sexual __________.

A)sadism
B)masochism
C)addiction
D)fetishistic disorder
E)transvestic disorder

Question 58

Research supports the idea that gender dysphoria is caused by

A)lack of a same-sex parent model and overprotection by the opposite-sex parent.
B)the child's failure to separate from the parent of the opposite sex.
C)hormonal disturbances or exposure to chemicals during fetal development.
D)a gender identification gene found in twin studies of the disorder.
E)there is actually little support for any theory of the origin of gender dysphoria.

Question 59

Paul finds it necessary to wear his wife's underwear in order to become sexually aroused.Paul would be given a diagnosis of

A)transsexualism.
B)frotteuristic disorder.
C)partialism.
D)gender dysphoria.
E)transvestic disorder.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true regarding fetishes?

A)Only specific objects such as items of clothing or body parts can become fetishes.
B)It is known that only men develop fetishes.
C)Fetishes are unconscious elements from unconscious fantasies.
D)Generally,many people with fetishes are otherwise quite well-adjusted.
E)Fetishes are often the result of an abnormal childhood sexual experience.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a form of paraphilic disorder?

A)zoophilia
B)erotophilia
C)obscene phone calls
D)bestiality
E)klismaphilia

Question 62

Any sexual activity not performed solely for procreation was once considered abnormal.

Question 63

Which of the following statements concerning rape is true?

A)Most rapists demonstrate deviant sexual arousal.
B)Strangers constitute a very small percentage of rapists.
C)Spouses constitute the highest percentage of rapists.
D)A rapist,regardless of the presence of sadism or personality disorder,can be given a DSM-5 diagnosis.
E)Strangers constitute the highest percentage of rapists.

Question 64

Aside from sexual pain disorders,sexual dysfunctions are classified according to which of the three phases (desire,arousal,or orgasm)is affected.

Question 65

There is general agreement in the scientific community that hypoactive sexual desire in a male,is abnormal.

Question 66

In comparison with Masters and Johnson's model,Kaplan's model of sexual stages allows for a greater variety of sexual responses that can be considered "normal".

Question 67

Which of the following has NOT been demonstrated in pedophiles?

A)Non-right handedness.
B)Minor physical anomalies.
C)Head injuries before the age of 13 years.
D)Above average IQ.
E)Cortical deficits in regions associated with recognition of sexual stimuli.

Question 68

Freund's courtship disorder theory of sexual offending suggests that

A)sexual offenses are very rare occurrences.
B)fixation at any one of the stages of human sexual interaction produces sexual offending.
C)humans become aggressive sexually because they are similar to animals.
D)child molestation results from disastrous adult relationships.
E)there are two phases in human sexual interactions.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true about rapists?

A)Almost all rapists show some evidence of sadism.
B)Most rapists are suffering from a DSM-5 disorder at the time of the offense.
C)Sadistic rapists are the only rapists who show greater arousal to sexual assault on a woman than to consenting sex.
D)Serial sexual murderers are more common than was realized.
E)Almost all rapists also suffer from a personality disorder.

Question 70

After 5 to 10 years in the community,more than ______ percent of rapists will commit another sexual assault.

A)3
B)5
C)25
D)50
E)72

Question 71

A sexual offender being treated during the early 1960s would likely undergo:

A)chemical castration.
B)segregation.
C)castration.
D)pairing of deviant sexual thoughts with an aversive stimulus.
E)psychoanalytic psychotherapy.

Question 72

Research consistently finds that females report significantly less use of pornography and masturbation than do males.

Question 73

The sexual response sequence of both males and females are highly variable and depend on many factors.

Question 74

What did Marshall and Barbaree (1988)find in their study of the effects of their community-based program?

A)Treated offenders tend to reoffend far less than untreated offenders.
B)Despite the benefits of treatment,there is little savings,in terms of financial costs,to society.
C)Phallometric assessment scores tend to be less deviant after treatment.
D)Community-based programs are more successful than are prison-based programs.
E)Changing sexual offenders' deviant sexual behaviours is very difficult to do.

Question 75

An extremely important aspect of the feminist theory of rape is the fact that

A)the main function of rape is to humiliate and possess power over the victim.
B)rapists do not know how to express their needs for intimacy.
C)rape is a means of sexually controlling women.
D)rape in an expression of anger toward the self.
E)rape has increased over time because women are becoming more dominant in society.

Question 76

As a behaviourist,you would likely view sexual offending as originating from

A)relationship problems.
B)conditioning of deviant sexual practices.
C)early childhood separation difficulties.
D)genetic dysfunctions.
E)unconscious conflicts.

Question 77

Sanday's studies of patriarchal societies and rates of rape showed that

A)men were more likely to say they would rape a woman but less likely to actually do it.
B)rates of rape are actually higher in matriarchal societies.
C)rape was relatively rare in most tribal societies.
D)surprisingly,rates of rape were not as high in societies where men were already dominant.
E)rates of rape were much higher in patriarchal societies where women were seen as the property of men.

Question 78

Vasocongestion refers to the swelling of the genital tissues during sexual excitement.

Question 79

More recent comprehensive programs designed to treat sexual offenders involve components such as

A)addressing the tendency to deny or minimize their offending.
B)eliminating the sex drive completely.
C)techniques for self-hypnotic control of their urges.
D)recognizing the unconscious roots of their problems.
E)engaging the offenders' family in treatment.

Question 80

A sexual preference toward non-consenting and resisting but not necessarily physically suffering victims is called:

A)biastophilia.
B)erotophilia.
C)sadism.
D)subclinical sadism.
E)hypersexuality.