Deck 10: Civil War

Question 1

Which of the following statements BEST characterizes Lincoln's stance on emancipation through the spring of 1862?

A)He ordered his generals to emancipate all the slaves in any southern territories which they conquered.
B)He issued a decree abolishing slavery in the Border States in order to establish his authority to abolish slavery in the South.
C)He unsuccessfully urged Congress and the Border States to implement a plan of gradual,compensated emancipation.
D)He did not officially endorse a policy of emancipating slaves in rebellious territories,but he tacitly supported Union generals who emancipated slaves on their own initiative.

Answer 1

He unsuccessfully urged Congress and the Border States to implement a plan of gradual,compensated emancipation.

Question 2

How did the northern public respond to Abraham Lincoln's preliminary emancipation proclamation?

A)Although abolitionists vehemently opposed it as a lukewarm measure,most northerners accepted it as a necessary step toward military victory.
B)Most northerners embraced the proclamation because it gave a deeper meaning to the bloody fighting they had endured beyond a return to the status quo antebellum.
C)Many northerners looked on the proclamation unfavorably and made their displeasure known by voting for Lincoln's political opponents.
D)Northerners were almost unanimously opposed to the measure,and responded to it by giving anti-war politicians a convincing majority in Congress after the 1862 elections.

Answer 2

Many northerners looked on the proclamation unfavorably and made their displeasure known by voting for Lincoln's political opponents.

Question 3

A federal policy developed by General Rufus Saxton in late 1862 did all of the following EXCEPT

A)grant former slaves access to land on which to grow crops.
B)provide former slaves with tools to grow crops.
C)require former slaves to grow a certain amount of cotton for government use.
D)offer former slaves legal title to lands abandoned by Confederates.

Answer 3

offer former slaves legal title to lands abandoned by Confederates.

Question 4

Lincoln issued his preliminary emancipation proclamation five days after a Union victory at which battle?

A)Gettysburg
B)Antietam
C)Shiloh
D)Corinth

Question 5

Which of the following statements BEST captures northerners' attitude toward emancipation at the beginning of the Civil War?

A)The majority of white northerners recognized from the onset that victory in the war could be accomplished only if the slaves were freed.
B)Despite the resistance of a few partisan opponents of the Lincoln administration,most white northerners viewed the emancipation of slaves as the single most important objective of the war.
C)Opposition to emancipation was strong in the North,particularly in regions settled by white southerners and among white laborers.
D)Although northern Democrats consistently demanded that the government make emancipation its priority,the most conservative Republicans in power insisted on keeping emancipation off the table until late in the war.

Question 6

In 1864,the proposed Thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery

A)was passed by the Senate but blocked by Democrats in the House.
B)was vetoed by Lincoln,who worried about its effect on the loyalties of the Border States.
C)was unanimously passed by both houses of Congress.
D)was blocked by the combined resistance of Lincoln and the Senate.

Question 7

Throughout most of the war,Lincoln believed that emancipation had to be coupled with

A)the voluntary emigration of freed people out of the United States.
B)the granting of full political rights to freed people.
C)economic reparations to compensate freed people for their years of unpaid toil.
D)government initiatives to promote racial equality.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation is LEAST accurate?

A)It exempted from its provisions 800,000 slaves living in the Border States.
B)It was justified primarily on the grounds of military necessity.
C)It exempted from its provisions large numbers of slaves in conquered Confederate territories.
D)It was widely ridiculed by African Americans and European liberals as an empty gesture.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the education of the contrabands is LEAST accurate?

A)Private institutions worked with the Union military to establish schools for escaped slaves.
B)The education of the contrabands depended on the services of both white and black teachers.
C)The federal government developed a formal,coherent policy to guide the education of former slaves.
D)By late in the Civil War,educational opportunities for blacks had been extended to most areas occupied by Union troops.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the four-day riot in New York City in 1863 is LEAST accurate?

A)The riot led to the destruction of many homes and business in the city's black neighborhoods.
B)Reports suggested that the rioters consisted largely of Irish immigrants.
C)The immediate trigger for the riot was the public pronouncement of the Emancipation Proclamation.
D)The riot revealed that many white northerners resented fighting a war to gain freedom for black slaves.

Question 11

Which of the following states seceded from the Union after Lincoln was elected but before he came to office?

A)South Carolina
B)Virginia
C)Arkansas
D)Tennessee

Question 12

Black northerners did not initially serve in the Union army during the Civil War for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)whites worried that blacks would use military service as a ground for demanding their rights as citizens.
B)blacks in the North refused to enlist in the military until the Union made the emancipation of southern slaves an official aim of the war.
C)white officers believed that blacks would make poor soldiers who would flee in the face of danger.
D)Lincoln worried that allowing blacks to serve might compel the Border States to secede.

Question 13

On what date did Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation officially take effect?

A)September 22,1862
B)January 1,1863
C)July 4,1864
D)April 14,1865

Question 14

Which general issued Special Order No.15,which briefly placed black families in possession of forty-acre tracts on the South Carolina Sea Islands?

A)Ulysses S.Grant
B)William Tecumseh Sherman
C)Benjamin Butler
D)Rufus Saxton

Question 15

Peter Herbert and Mary S.Peake were prominent examples of southern blacks who

A)provided educational opportunities to the contrabands.
B)assisted Union forces as guides and spies.
C)engaged in sabotage to undermine the Confederate war effort.
D)administered to sick and wounded Union soldiers.

Question 16

When slaves fled to Union-held Fort Monroe,how did Benjamin Butler,the general in charge there,respond?

A)He ordered that the slaves be returned to their masters.
B)He declared that slavery would cease to exist wherever the Union army established itself,and hence set the slaves free.
C)He declared that southern slaves were American citizens who could no longer be held in bondage.
D)He declared that,since Confederate used slave labor for military purposes,Union forces could legitimately seize them and use them for their own purposes.

Question 17

How did militant abolitionists view Abraham Lincoln during the election of 1860 and the first year of the Civil War?

A)They believed that he shared their principles and that his antislavery policies were strong and good.
B)They applauded his stance on slavery,though they lamented that Congress would not allow him to take stronger measures to end it.
C)They believed that he was too willing to push through antislavery measures without considering the effects they would have on white northerners' support for the war effort.
D)They often opposed his policies,which they believed did not take a sufficiently firm or consistent stand against slavery.

Question 18

According to the Confiscation Acts of 1861 and 1862,slaves who fell into the hands of the Union army were to be regarded as

A)citizens of the United States.
B)contraband of war.
C)the rightful property of their masters,whether or not the masters were in active rebellion against the United States.
D)prizes to be sold for the mutual gain of the Union army and the individual soldiers who captured them.

Question 19

The ability of the federal government to provide relief to blacks behind Union lines was hindered by an internecine dispute between the War Department and

A)the Treasury Department.
B)the State Department.
C)the Department of the Interior.
D)the Cabinet.

Question 20

In what year did Lincoln alter his policy to allow the Union army to enlist black soldiers?

A)1861
B)1862
C)1863
D)1864

Question 21

The Confederate Conscription Act of 1862 granted an exemption to white men who sent

A)a slave in their place.
B)five slaves in their place.
C)twenty slaves in their place.
D)fifty slaves in their place.

Question 22

Slaves contributed labor to the Confederacy's essential Tredegar Works in which city?

A)Charleston
B)Houston
C)Richmond
D)Atlanta

Question 23

What did the phrase "running the Negroes" mean in the context of the Civil War?

A)removing slaves from the path of Union troops to make it harder for the slaves to escape
B)forcing infirm and elderly slaves to leave a plantation so that they did not deplete the plantation's dwindling provisions
C)encouraging slaves to escape to Union lines in order to gain their freedom
D)sending large groups of male slaves to the front to provide logistical assistance to the Confederate army

Question 24

What happened to Sergeant William Walker of the Third South Carolina Regiment after he led his men to stack their arms by their captain's tent and declare themselves released from duty because the army would not grant them equal pay?

A)He received a personal audience from President Lincoln,who agreed that the treatment of black soldiers was unjust.
B)He was stripped to the waist and whipped two hundred times for mutiny.
C)He was executed by firing squad.
D)He was dismissed from the service and sentenced to forty years in prison.

Question 25

How did President Lincoln respond to the Confederacy's refusal to grant prisoner-of-war status to captured black soldiers?

A)He ordered that blacks be removed from combat positions to limit the possibility that they would be captured.
B)He threatened to retaliate in kind on Confederate prisoners for any harm that was inflicted on Union ones.
C)He ordered his generals not to kill all enemy soldiers who fell into their hands until the Confederacy changed its policy.
D)He strongly criticized the Confederate policy,but concluded that he could do nothing about it.

Question 26

During the Civil War,slavery in the South changed in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A)enslaved women began to take a greater role in the production of cotton.
B)enslaved men began to gain new autonomy as they assumed skilled jobs previously done by whites.
C)slaves in general engaged in increasingly insubordinate behavior.
D)slaves engaged in large numbers of violent uprisings throughout the South to facilitate slavery's end.

Question 27

Originally organized under the auspices of the Confederacy,the Native Guards consisted of free blacks (including some black slaveholders)from which state?

A)South Carolina
B)Virginia
C)Alabama
D)Louisiana

Question 28

Of the roughly 186,000 blacks who enlisted in the Union army,how many came from slave states?

A)162,000
B)134,000
C)84,000
D)21,000

Question 29

Which enslaved pilot of the steamer Planter intentionally surrendered his vessel to Union forces before beginning work for the Union navy?

A)William Walker
B)Robert Smalls
C)Patrick Cleburne
D)Rufus Saxton

Question 30

Which of the following statements about the Confederacy's impressment of slaves is MOST accurate?

A)Throughout most of the war,President Davis refused to sanction the impressment of slaves because he viewed it as a violation of the very rights for which the Confederacy was fighting.
B)Slaves looked forward to being impressed because they were treated better in the military than they were at home.
C)Although the Confederate government tried to impress slaves into service,the state governments refused to do so,obstructing the efforts of the federal government.
D)The resistance of slaveholders,who often refused to relinquish their slaves,helped to render the policy of impressment ineffective.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about southern blacks' contribution to the Confederate military effort is LEAST accurate?

A)Even from the beginning of the war,a few local southern authorities allowed blacks to serve in the military.
B)In some instances,free blacks formed their own companies and offered their service to the Confederacy.
C)Many white southerners opposed enlisting black men into the military not only because they feared armed rebellion but also because enlistment would imply equality.
D)Although some states considered enlisting free blacks,none went so far as to propose arming slaves.

Question 32

Which of the following statements about black soldiers in the Union army is LEAST accurate?

A)Their mortality rate was forty percent higher than that of their white counterparts.
B)They were often assigned to do more fatigue duty than their white counterparts.
C)Their performance on the battlefield was uniformly disparaged by their white officers.
D)Their initial pay was substantially less than their white counterparts.

Question 33

Four black soldiers of the Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts Infantry earned the Gilmore Medal for gallantry as a result of their participation at

A)Fort Wagner.
B)Vicksburg.
C)Milliken's Bend.
D)Olustee.

Question 34

On March 13,1865,President Jefferson Davis of the Confederacy signed into a law an act which

A)abolished slavery throughout the South.
B)called for additional troops regardless of their race.
C)allowed for the summary execution of any black person found off his or her master's plantation.
D)conscripted almost every male slave into combat service.

Question 35

With regard to the production of food,the states of the Confederacy

A)enjoyed a significant advantage over the Union because of their massive acreage of arable land.
B)found it difficult to shift from the production of cash crops to the production of food,especially since slaves refused to learn the techniques of grain production.
C)adopted a policy whereby slaves were granted access to small parcels of land in return for growing grains to feed the Confederate army.
D)passed laws which turned over all the arable land in the South to the production of cotton,which was traded for food and other essential goods.

Question 36

Of all the roles which slaves undertook for the Confederate army,which of the following declined in importance and prevalence as the war continued?

A)body servants
B)cooks
C)teamsters
D)hospital attendants

Question 37

Whose Reminiscences of My Life in Camp with the 33d United States Colored Troops provided a first-person account of the sort of laundering,cooking,and nursing which many female contrabands provided for the Union army?

A)Harriet Tubman
B)Mary Edmonia Lewis
C)Susi King Taylor
D)Ann Stokes