Deck 15: Abnormality, therapy, and Social Issues

Question 1

A meta-analysis of the results from 475 studies found that the average person who received therapy shows more improvement than about 80% of similar people who were not in therapy.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

DSM-IV is the manual that lists the officially approved treatments for each of the mental disorders.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The percentage of therapists who use Freudian methods is smaller today than during the 1950s.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The predominant view of abnormality in Western cultures today is the biopsychosocial model.

Question 5

Forensic psychologists and psychiatrists evaluate patients and then decide who requires an involuntary commitment and who does not.

Question 6

People who have been involuntarily committed to a mental hospital still have the legal right to refuse a particular form of treatment.

Question 7

Personality disorders are included along with mental retardation on Axis II of DSM-IV because they are conditions that generally persist through the person's life.

Question 8

One common theme in all the different approaches to therapy is a deep concern for the thoughts,feelings,and behaviors experienced in childhood.

Question 9

About 25% of all accused felons plead insanity in an effort to avoid going to prison.

Question 10

You go to a therapist who asks you to describe your dreams.Your therapist then offers interpretations of what your dreams actually mean.Your therapist is using the psychoanalytic approach.

Question 11

Most therapists practicing today use an eclectic approach,in which they use a combination of methods and approaches to therapy.

Question 12

You are seeing a therapist to help treat your anxiety.Your therapist believes your anxiety stems from your beliefs that "I must do well at all times," and "people must approve of me." Your therapist is employing humanistic therapy.

Question 13

The goal of psychoanalysis is to help the client move their conflicts from conscious awareness to the unconscious,ending the problem.

Question 14

Surveys indicate that 5-10% of the population in the United States will suffer from a psychological disorder at some point in their life.

Question 15

It is possible for a cognitive therapist to practice family systems therapy simultaneously.

Question 16

You are seeing a therapist to help treat your anxiety.Your therapist is completely accepting of you,but rarely offers suggestions or advice,and instead paraphrases and restates what you have just said.Your therapist is employing cognitive therapy.

Question 17

One reason that more behavior is now labeled as "mental illness" is that insurance companies are more likely to pay for treatment if the person has a diagnosed mental illness.

Question 18

Over the years,people have had many views of what abnormal behavior is,and what causes it.One recurrent idea is demon possession,a popular idea in medieval Europe and still a widespread idea in much of the world today.

Question 19

You have a bad habit of procrastinating.This habit is causing you difficulty in your life,so you decide to see a behavior therapist.To fix your problem,the behavior therapist will first explore your childhood to determine why you procrastinate.

Question 20

Psychologists overwhelmingly agree that the basic goal or idea behind the deinstitutionalization movement was flawed.

Question 21

Insanity refers to the defendant's ____________________ at the time of the crime.

Question 22

A therapist who uses many methods,depending on what seems to work in an individual case,is said to be ____________________.

Question 23

The use of the term ____________________ by a therapist refers to a release of pent-up emotions associated with unconscious thoughts and memories.

Question 24

The ____________________ legal rules requires a therapist to warn a person if they believe they have a patient that might harm them

Question 25

____________________ of the DSM-IV is used to classify personality disorders and mental retardation.

Question 26

The distinguishing feature of ____________________ therapy is that the therapist provides an atmosphere in which the client can deal with his or her own problems.

Question 27

Behavior therapists assume that human behavior is ____________________ and that it can be ____________________.

Question 28

The emotional attachment that a patient develops toward his or her therapist is known as ____________________.

Question 29

Of all people with any psychiatric diagnosis,nearly ____________________ qualify for at least one additional diagnosis.

Question 30

____________________ therapy focuses more on changing what people do than what they think.

Question 31

____________________ means the removal of patients from mental hospitals.

Question 32

Before World War II almost all psychotherapists were ____________________,and most of them used ____________________ methods.

Question 33

You tell your therapist,"No one likes me." Your therapist responds,"What evidence do you have for this hypothesis?" Your therapist is most likely a ____________________ therapist.

Question 34

____________________ focuses on reducing the incongruence between a person's self-concept and their ideal self.

Question 35

In psychoanalysis,____________________ is an attempt to gain access to the unconscious.

Question 36

The predominant view of abnormal behavior in Western cultures today is the ____________________ view.

Question 37

DSM-IV classifies psychological disorders along _________ axes.
or

Question 38

____________________ usually makes a client begin dealing with main problems promptly.

Question 39

Groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous which provide support for people with similar problems without using a trained therapist are ____________________ groups.

Question 40

The current edition of the book that lists approved diagnoses of psychological disorders is abbreviated ____________________.

Question 41

To standardize their definitions of disorders,psychiatrists and psychologists developed a reference book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-now in its fourth edition and therefore known as the DSM-IV.Describe the five axes that the DSM-IV uses to categorize psychological disorders.

Question 42

While there are hundreds of types of therapy available across the world,there are five specific types highlighted in your chapter.These include;psychoanalysis,cognitive therapy,humanistic therapy,behavior therapy,and family system therapy.In terms of behavior therapy and cognitive therapy,describe the theory of what causes the psychological disorder,the goal of treatment and the role of the therapist for both types of therapy.

Question 43

How does dissociative identity disorder differ from the disorders running amok and brain fag?

A)Dissociative identity disorder is the only one of the above disorders that is found in females.
B)Dissociative identity disorder is the only one of the above disorders that is found in young people.
C)Dissociative identity disorder is more likely than the others to be found in the United States.
D)Dissociative identity disorder is more likely than the others to run in families.

Question 44

A man sometimes calls himself "Jack L." and behaves in a mature,responsible way.At other times he calls himself "Hyatt" and engages in highly impulsive behavior.He is apparently suffering from

A)schizophrenia.
B)dissociative identity disorder
C)bipolar disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 45

Students learning about psychological disorders may get "medical students' disease" because

A)it is a highly contagious virus.
B)it is caused by too much studying,something that is common to both psychology and medical students.
C)normal behaviors and psychologically disordered behaviors are similar in many ways.
D)it is caused by eye strain.

Question 46

While it is common for students of psychology to think they have a disease after reading about various psychological disorders,a diagnosis of a psychological disorder should be

A)made in every case of someone who has a problem.
B)reserved for people with problems that seriously interfere with their lives.
C)limited to people with a known biological abnormality.
D)given only to people who violate social norms.

Question 47

Which of these is the predominant view of abnormal behavior in Western cultures today?

A)spiritual
B)sociological
C)biopsychosocial
D)medical

Question 48

Which of the following is a disorder that is said to be common in China and is characterized by a fear that a man's penis will retract into his body?

A)amok
B)koro
C)karoshi
D)yit hei

Question 49

Someone changes periodically from one identity to another,complete with different names,memories,and preferred activities.What condition does this person have?

A)dissociative identity disorder
B)schizophrenia
C)depression
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 50

One important cultural influence on mental illness is that

A)people learn from their culture some of the possible ways of acting abnormal.
B)people in wealthy or technological cultures have fewer psychological problems than do people in less privileged cultures.
C)the breast-feeding and toilet-training practices of a society produce great influences on the types and frequencies of psychological disorders.
D)cultures that provide education to all children have low frequencies of psychological disorders.

Question 51

The early pioneers of psychotherapy almost exclusively saw their clients individually.While individual treatment has advantages,such as privacy,treating people in groups has become increasingly common.Describe briefly the advantage of group therapy and two common types of group therapy;self-help groups and family systems therapy.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT part of the American Psychiatric Association's definition of abnormal behavior?

A)behavior that leads to distress (including distress to others)
B)behavior that leads to disability (impaired functioning)
C)behavior that leads to discomfort (including the discomfort of others)
D)behavior that leads to an increased risk of death,pain,or loss of freedom

Question 53

One of the ongoing debates in psychology and psychiatry is deciding whether to put more resources into prevention or treatment.Traditionally,psychologists and psychiatrists have focused on treatment,but to many,prevention would be a better focus of resources and time.Prevention is defined as avoiding a disorder from the start.Give three examples of actions presented in this chapter that individuals and society can take to prevent certain types of psychological disorders.

Question 54

In the Sudan,when a woman yells at and insults her husband,and says all sorts of "crazy" things,the acceptable response for the husband is to

A)divorce her.
B)have her committed to a mental institution.
C)scold and punish her.
D)lavish her with gifts and pretty much give her whatever she wants.

Question 55

Someone diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder

A)experiences sensory experiences without sensation.
B)is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality.
C)alternates among several distinct personalities.
D)is unable to stop performing small,trivial behaviors.

Question 56

"Medical students' disease" is

A)a viral disease frequently contracted by medical students who work extensively with cadavers.
B)a psychological disorder doctors at teaching hospitals get from the stress of working with too many first-year interns.
C)the false belief that you are a medical student.
D)the false belief that you have some dreaded condition that you have just learned about.

Question 57

Someone who alternates among several distinct personalities,each having different abilities,different memories,and perhaps even different names,is suffering from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)schizophrenia.
C)manic-depressive disorder.
D)dissociative identity disorder.

Question 58

In contemporary western culture,which of the following is NOT viewed as one of the predominant influences on abnormal behavior?

A)biological
B)sociological
C)spiritual
D)psychological

Question 59

In Western cultures today,the predominant view of the etiology of abnormal behavior is the biopsychosocial model,which emphasizes that abnormal behavior has three major aspects.Briefly describe the three components of the biopsychosocial model.

Question 60

In a biopsychosocial model,the psychological roots of abnormal behavior include

A)deficiencies in neurotransmitters.
B)genetic factors.
C)the social and cultural context in which a behavior occurs.
D)an individual's vulnerability to stress.

Question 61

DSM-IV classifies psychological disorders along five axes.Axis I lists:

A)medical disorders.
B)a person's level of stress during the previous year.
C)personality disorders.
D)clinical disorders.

Question 62

The current manual for diagnosing mental illness is abbreviated:

A)WAIS-III.
B)DSM-IV.
C)WCST.
D)fMRI.

Question 63

The current edition of the book that lists approved diagnoses of psychological disorders is abbreviated

A)PDR XXIX.
B)APA II.
C)DSM-IV.
D)BLT VIII.

Question 64

Physical disorders,such as diabetes,head trauma,or alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver,represent which Axis in the DSM-IV?

A)Axis I
B)Axis II
C)Axis III
D)Axis IV

Question 65

The idea that people often conform to the expectations of others,including the suggestions of therapists about whether or not they have a disorder,is thought to be an important factor in the diagnosis of which of the following disorders?

A)borderline personality disorder
B)dissociative identity disorder
C)bipolar disorder
D)schizophrenia

Question 66

DSM-IV classifies psychological disorders along five axes.Axis I lists

A)disorders that persist throughout life,such as mental retardation.
B)a person's level of stress during the previous year.
C)disorders with a particular time of onset,such as depression.
D)physical disorders,such as diabetes,that can affect behavior.

Question 67

The DSM-IV is a

A)drug.
B)test.
C)book.
D)society.

Question 68

What is DSM-IV?

A)an abbreviation for "fourth dissociated state of mind"
B)an organization dedicated to better treatment of the mentally ill
C)a book about psychological disorders
D)one of the scales of the MMPI

Question 69

Which of the following is an example of the kind of condition that is classified under Axis I of DSM-IV?

A)personality disorder
B)mental retardation
C)depression
D)diabetes

Question 70

In the DSM-IV,the amount of stress a person has had to endure is listed under?

A)Axis I.
B)Axis II.
C)Axis III.
D)Axis IV.

Question 71

The woman described in the book and movie "The Three Faces of Eve" was suffering from which psychological disorder?

A)borderline personality disorder
B)dissociative identity disorder
C)bipolar disorder
D)schizophrenia

Question 72

DSM-IV classifies psychological disorders along __________ axes.

A)two
B)three
C)five
D)sixteen

Question 73

In the DSM-IV,an evaluation of the person's overall level of functioning is given on a scale from 1 to 100 under

A)Axis I.
B)Axis III.
C)Axis IV.
D)Axis V.

Question 74

In the DSM-IV,physical disorders such as diabetes or cirrhosis of the liver are listed under

A)Axis I.
B)Axis IV.
C)Axis III.
D)Axis V.

Question 75

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is classified by DSM-IV

A)on Axis I.
B)on Axis II.
C)as a "treat with drugs only" type of disorder.
D)as a personality disorder if it begins before age five.

Question 76

DSM-IV is a book that describes

A)ethical standards for psychological experiments.
B)the facilities and practices of the larger mental hospitals in the United States.
C)accepted labels and classifications of psychological disorders.
D)the drugs that are used in psychiatry and their side effects.

Question 77

Which of the following types of disorders is NOT included in Axis I of the DSM-IV?

A)substance-related disorders
B)anxiety disorders
C)personality disorders
D)eating disorders

Question 78

Which of the following is an important difference between disorders on Axis I and Axis II?

A)Treatment is easier for Axis II disorders than Axis I disorders.
B)Axis I disorders tend to be lifelong,whereas Axis II disorders represent a deterioration of functioning.
C)Axis II disorders may be harder to diagnose than Axis I and aren't often the primary reason for a visit to a therapist.
D)Mental disorders that affect physical health are only listed on Axis II.

Question 79

DSM-IV classifies psychological disorders along five axes.Which of the following is NOT one of the five axes?

A)general medical conditions
B)psychosocial and environmental problems
C)Rorschach response pattern
D)global assessment of functioning

Question 80

Dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder)was extremely rare before the 1950s,but by the 1990s,some therapists were reporting many cases of this disorder.What is the most likely reason for the increase in this disorder?

A)Some therapists began looking for this disorder and unintentionally created additional personalities through suggestive techniques.
B)The disorder is caused by environmental toxins that were heavily used during the 1970s and 1980s.
C)The disorder is caused by the Southeast Asian Flu,and there was a mild epidemic in the U.S.during the 1970s and 1980s.
D)A wide-spread genetic mutation seemed to occur in the 1960s,resulting in more people being born with the disorder.