Deck 42: Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Given is a list of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Which one risk factor can be modified by the motivated client?

A) Age
B) Race
C) Gender
D) Oral contraceptive use

Answer 1

Oral contraceptive use

Question 2

Mrs.Jones is a new client in the practice.On completion of the health history assessment,it is discovered that she was treated for a myocardial infarction 3 months ago.Before dental hygiene care,the client should do which of the following?

A) Be asked to use her nitroglycerin tablets sublingually if angina pain is experienced.
B) Receive prophylactic antibiotic premedication before invasive dental hygiene therapy.
C) Be checked for her prothrombin time to be sure that it is in the range of normal.
D) Be immediately referred to her physician or cardiologist because she is at high risk for a medical emergency.Care is postponed.

Answer 2

Be immediately referred to her physician or cardiologist because she is at high risk for a medical emergency.Care is postponed.

Question 3

The optimal prothrombin time for a client receiving anticoagulant therapy who is scheduled for dental hygiene therapy should be between _____ and _____ seconds.

A) 10;16
B) 20;32
C) 40;48
D) 50;60

Answer 3

20;32

Question 4

The medication of choice to alleviate angina pectoris is which of the following?

A) Procardia
B) Nitroglycerin
C) Vasotec
D) Digitalis

Question 5

What is the most frequently occurring valvular heart defect that can result in cardiovascular damage?

A) Mitral valve prolapse
B) Heart murmur
C) Endocarditis
D) Rheumatic heart disease

Question 6

In addition to invasive dental and dental hygiene therapy,transient bacteremia can be produced by which of the following?

A) Mastication
B) Toothbrushing
C) Interproximal cleansing
D) All of the above

Question 7

Primary hypertension is also known as idiopathic hypertension.Primary hypertension is the result of an existing disease such as those of the cardiovascular system,renal system,adrenal glands,or neurologic system.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 8

Essential steps taken as part of professional dental hygiene care to prevent infective endocarditis include all of the following except which one?

A) Identify individuals at highest risk of adverse outcomes from infective endocarditis by accurately reviewing the client's health history and questioning the client during assessment.
B) Direct client to use a preprocedural antimicrobial mouth rinse before tissue manipulation by the dental hygienist.
C) Ensure that prophylactic antibiotic premedication is administered 1 hour before and after invasive dental or dental hygiene procedures.
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 9

Stage 1 hypertension is classified as a persistent blood pressure reading at or above 140 to 159 mm Hg systolic and 90 to 99 mm Hg diastolic.Readings above this range are further classified as stage 2 hypertension when it is at or above160 mm Hg systolic and at or above100 mm Hg diastolic.Clients receiving antihypertensive drug therapy may experience all of the following except which one?

A) Orthostatic hypotension
B) Xerostomia
C) Metallic taste
D) Fatigue

Question 10

Given is a list of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Which one risk factor is nonmodifiable?

A) Professional stresses
B) Gender
C) Tobacco use
D) Obesity
E) Diet high in saturated fats

Question 11

Clients with sustained elevated blood pressure are at risk for:

A) Myocardial infarction
B) Cerebrovascular accident
C) Kidney failure
D) All of the above

Question 12

Mr.Smith is a new client in the practice.On completion of the health history assessment,it is apparent that he may have unstable angina.He reports experiencing frequent angina pain even while reading the morning newspaper.Before dental hygiene care,the client should do which of the following?

A) Be asked to use his nitroglycerin tablets sublingually if angina pain is experienced.
B) Receive prophylactic antibiotic premedication before invasive dental hygiene therapy.
C) Be checked for his prothrombin time to be sure that it is in the range of normal.
D) Be immediately referred to his physician or cardiologist because he is at high risk for a medical emergency.Care is postponed.

Question 13

An irregularity of the audible heartbeat caused by a turbulent flow of blood through a valve that has failed to close is known as which of the following?

A) Rheumatic heart disease
B) Heart murmur
C) Endocarditis
D) Mitral valve prolapse

Question 14

Clients at highest risk for adverse outcomes from infective endocarditis include all of the following cardiac conditions except which one?

A) Previous history of endocarditis
B) Artificial heart valves
C) Recent myocardial infarction
D) Heart transplant

Question 15

Atherosclerosis,a narrowing of the lumen of the coronary arteries,will most likely result in all of the following conditions except which one?

A) Myocardial infarction
B) Angina pectoris
C) Mitral valve prolapse
D) Coronary insufficiency

Question 16

Hypertension is a persistent elevation of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures at or above _____ mm Hg.

A) 130/85
B) 135/90
C) 140/90
D) 150/95

Question 17

Rheumatic heart disease is the result of which of the following?

A) Streptococcal pharyngeal infection
B) Infective endocarditis
C) High fever
D) Staphylococcal infection

Question 18

The result of insufficient blood flow from the coronary arteries into the heart or myocardium is known as which of the following?

A) Rheumatic heart disease
B) Coronary heart disease
C) Angina pectoris
D) Myocardial infarction

Question 19

Individuals with a history of disordered eating (anorexia nervosa or bulimia)have an increased risk for developing coronary heart disease.Similarly,persons with cardiovascular disease are at increased risk for developing disordered eating.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 20

All of the following medications may be prescribed as an anticoagulant to persons with valvular heart defects except which one?

A) Heparin
B) Ibuprofen
C) Warfarin
D) Indanedione derivatives

Question 21

What is the form of heart disease that most frequently leads to death?

A) Congenital heart disease
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Coronary heart disease
D) Valvular heart disease

Question 22

Which of the following cannot be learned from the electrocardiogram?

A) Heart rate
B) Information about electrical conduction through the heart
C) Information about the blood pressure
D) Information about hypertrophy of the heart

Question 23

An increase in blood pressure may be related to obesity and stress.Control of associated risk factors may alleviate the client's conditions without use of medication.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 24

Which of the following is a dental hygiene care consideration for clients with hypertension?

A) Vasopressors in local anesthetic agents
B) Short appointments to control environmental stress
C) Careful manipulation of oral tissues to reduce severity of transient bacteremia
D) Evaluation of prothrombin time

Question 25

A 16-year-old boy with a history of rheumatic fever at 12 years of age arrives for dental treatment.A telephone consultation with his physician discloses a residual heart murmur.The client says that he has had no problems from dental procedures performed since his first episode of rheumatic fever and that no special precautions have been taken for dental visits.In light of this history,the client should be:

A) Treated as any other patient
B) Given antibiotics preoperatively and postoperatively
C) Treated normally but watched closely and treated for complications if they develop postoperatively
D) None of the above

Question 26

To what does the term infarction of heart muscle refer?

A) Irregular heartbeat
B) Death of heart muscle
C) Sharp pain in heart muscle
D) Enlargement of the heart

Question 27

A 61-year-old man requires extensive periodontal therapy.Assessment data reveal that he has been on anticoagulant drug therapy and is taking warfarin (Coumadin).In anticipation of posttreatment hemorrhage,the dental hygienist should first:

A) Ask him to discontinue taking the drug.
B) Consult his physician about discontinuing medication.
C) Ask for a determination of his prothrombin time.
D) Prescribe vitamin K.

Question 28

The most common type of closed heart surgery is which of the following?

A) Angioplasty
B) Coronary bypass surgery
C) Valvular defect repair
D) Both A and B

Question 29

Which would be the most likely consequence if a client with angina were to delay a sublingual dose of nitroglycerin?

A) Angina attack
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Atrial fibrillation
D) Hypertensive reaction

Question 30

Appointment guidelines for an individual with congestive heart failure include all of the following except which one?

A) Upright client positioning to decrease collection of fluid in the lungs
B) Limited use of ultrasonic instrumentation
C) Nutritional counseling for sodium intake reduction
D) Restricted use of nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia

Question 31

Which of the following would not contribute to coronary heart disease?

A) Diet high in cholesterol,fat,and sodium
B) Tobacco use
C) Age
D) Caffeine consumption

Question 32

When a client is taking prophylactic antibiotic premedication for the prevention of infective endocarditis,it is in the client's best interest if therapeutic scaling appointments are scheduled for longer periods.Prolonged antibiotic coverage could result in overdose.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 33

Appointment guidelines for an individual with coronary heart disease dictate that dental hygiene care be:

A) Conducted in short morning appointments to help control environmental stress
B) Postponed until the individual's status is 6 months or more postinfarction
C) Designed to address the client's needs regarding lifestyle changes and periodontal disease status
D) All of the above

Question 34

A commonly observed congenital heart malformation is which of the following?

A) Ventricular fibrillation
B) Angioedema
C) Atrial septal defect
D) None of the above

Question 35

Clients with congestive heart failure will report which of the following signs or symptoms?

A) Dyspnea on exertion
B) Shortness of breath on lying supine
C) Cough
D) All of the above

Question 36

An electronic stimulator used to send electrical currents to the myocardium to control or maintain the heart rate is known as a cardiac pacemaker or intracardiac device.Cardiac pacemakers vary in their sensitivity to electrical interferences that may alter or cease their function.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 37

A syndrome characterized by myocardial dysfunction that leads to diminished cardiac output or abnormal circulatory congestion is known as which of the following?

A) Congestive heart failure
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Coronary heart disease
D) Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 38

A pulse rate of 150 beats per minute indicates which of the following?

A) Normal pulse rate
B) Tachycardia
C) Bradycardia
D) Atrial fibrillation