Deck 23: The United States and the Cold War, 1945 -1953

Question 1

MATCHING
George Kennan

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Answer 1

author of containment doctrine

Question 2

MATCHING
Fair Deal

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Answer 2

Truman's domestic program

Question 3

MATCHING
Walter Lippmann

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Answer 3

critic of the Cold War

Question 4

MATCHING
Jackie Robinson

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Question 5

MATCHING
Operation Dixie

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 6

MATCHING
Truman Doctrine

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 7

MATCHING
Joe McCarthy

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Question 8

MATCHING
Whittaker Chambers

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Question 9

MATCHING
States Rights Party

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 10

MATCHING
Taft-Hartley Act

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 11

MATCHING
Douglas MacArthur

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Question 12

MATCHING
desegregation of military

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 13

MATCHING
Henry Steele Commager

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Question 14

MATCHING
Eleanor Roosevelt

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Question 15

MATCHING
Alger Hiss

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Question 16

MATCHING
Marshall Plan

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 17

MATCHING
Henry Wallace

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Question 18

MATCHING
NATO
f. "slave labor" bill

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 19

MATCHING
Rosenbergs

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Question 20

MATCHING
Harry Truman

A)accused Alger Hiss of being a spy
B)Korean War commander
C)1948 Progressive Party candidate
D)critic of the Cold War
E)prosecuted by HUAC
F)"Who Is Loyal to America?"
G)author of containment doctrine
H)black baseball star
I)Fair Deal
J)Senator from Wisconsin
K)chaired committee on Human Rights
L)convicted nuclear spies

Question 21

The first confrontation of the Cold War took place in:

A) Vietnam, when the French attempted to reestablish colonial rule.
B) Japan.
C) North Korea.
D) the Middle East, when Soviet troops occupied northern Iran seeking access to oil fields.
E) Latin America.

Question 22

According to the policy of containment, as laid out by George Kennan, the:

A) Soviets could have a free hand in international affairs.
B) United States should invade the Soviet Union.
C) United States was committed to preventing the spread of communism.
D) United States was committed to preventing the spread of democracy.
E) United States accepted the right of communism to exist anywhere.

Question 23

MATCHING
McCarran-Walter Act

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 24

NATO:

A) was an alliance between the United States and several Western European countries.
B) was an alliance between the United States and several Eastern European countries.
C) included the Soviets.
D) excluded West Germany.
E) was vetoed by President Truman.

Question 25

How did the United States respond to Joseph Stalin's blockade around Berlin?

A) Truman ordered that supplies be brought to Berlin via an airlift.
B) Truman put American forces on high alert and threatened atomic war if Stalin did not lift the blockade.
C) Truman ignored it.
D) Truman asked the United Nations to place an embargo on all goods going to the Soviet Union.
E) American forces forced their way through the road blockade with a caravan of armored tanks.

Question 26

The "Iron Curtain":

A) separated the free West from the communist East.
B) divided East and West Germany.
C) separated the United States from the Soviet Union.
D) separated Japan from the rest of Asia.
E) divided North and South Korea.

Question 27

After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was:

A) the Soviet Union.
B) Germany.
C) Japan.
D) Great Britain.
E) France.

Question 28

MATCHING
Army-McCarthy hearings

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 29

MATCHING
NSC-68

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 30

The Marshall Plan:

A) provided economic assistance to the Soviets.
B) was a United States-Soviet program to rebuild Europe.
C) offered economic assistance to noncommunist governments.
D) was limited in scope.
E) was largely unsuccessful.

Question 31

In his "Long Telegram" from Moscow, George Kennan:

A) advised Truman that the Soviets could be dealt with as a normal government.
B) explained that the Soviets could easily be removed from control of eastern Europe.
C) argued that the United States should prevent the spread of communism.
D) argued that United States would be incapable of stopping Soviet expansion.
E) argued that United States should allow the spread of communism.

Question 32

Japan's constitution, which Americans had written, provided for the first time in Japanese history:

A) a written constitution.
B) freedom of speech.
C) women's suffrage.
D) procedural due process.
E) freedom of assembly.

Question 33

What set a precedent for American assistance to anticommunist regimes throughout the world, no matter how undemocratic?

A) the Marshall Plan
B) the Eisenhower Doctrine
C) the Atlantic Charter
D) the Truman Doctrine
E) NSC-68

Question 34

Which statement is true about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

A) It was established in 1945, immediately after the war.
B) The members refused to let West Germany join.
C) The Soviet Union never responded to NATO with its own military alliance.
D) This was one of the many long-term military alliances the United States had been involved in with Europe over the years.
E) All the members pledged mutual defense against any future Soviet attack.

Question 35

MATCHING
Operation Wetback

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 36

After World War II ended, Japan:

A) did not receive aid from the United States.
B) received economic assistance from the Soviets.
C) returned to its prewar political structure.
D) received economic assistance from the United States.
E) never recovered economically.

Question 37

The Freedom Train was:

A) a traveling exhibition of over 100 historical documents.
B) the first desegregated passenger train in the South.
C) what union sympathizers referred to during the Pullman Strike.
D) the name given to the caravan of airplanes that brought supplies to Berlin.
E) what Harry Truman called his 1948 election campaign.

Question 38

MATCHING
Long Telegram

A)unionization to the South
B)deported illegal aliens
C)Greece and Turkey
D)Dixiecrats
E)outlined containment policy
F)"slave labor" bill
G)recommended increased spending on defense
H)first peacetime alliance for the United States
I)Truman's domestic program
J)economic aid to Europe
K)Harry Truman
L)set quotas on immigrants
M)downfall of McCarthy

Question 39

In 1948, the Soviets began the Berlin Blockade:

A) in response to the outbreak of disease.
B) in response to the return of fascism.
C) because the United States threatened to invade the Soviet Union.
D) in response to the creation of East Germany.
E) in response to the creation of West Germany.

Question 40

The Truman Doctrine:

A) advocated a return to isolationism.
B) was an alliance between the United States and Great Britain.
C) called for more cordial relations with the Soviet Union.
D) committed the United States to fighting communism only in Asia.
E) committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere.

Question 41

Who led the New York School of painters?

A) Norman Rockwell
B) Pablo Picasso
C) Jackson Pollack
D) Walter Lippmann
E) Arthur Szyk

Question 42

NSC-68:

A) was directed at communist China.
B) called for a massive reduction in U.S. military forces.
C) called for a massive increase in U.S. military forces.
D) was only suggested and never implemented.
E) addressed the threat of communism at home.

Question 43

The Korean War:

A) was a decisive victory for the United States.
B) was a decisive victory for the North Koreans.
C) demonstrated the strength of the United Nations.
D) ended in a stalemate.
E) highlighted the limited nature of the Cold War.

Question 44

The McCarran Internal Security Act:

A) removed immigration quotas based on nationality.
B) made immigration law much more flexible.
C) recognized the need for political asylum.
D) barred "totalitarians" from entering the United States.
E) barred Mexican immigration.

Question 45

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO):

A) replaced NATO in Europe.
B) was the Soviet counterpart to NATO.
C) was part of a UN initiative.
D) ended the Korean War.
E) represented the worldwide division between the United States and the Soviets.

Question 46

President Truman's Fair Deal included:

A) aid to the Soviets.
B) a plan to dismantle Social Security.
C) a decrease in the minimum wage.
D) a national health insurance plan.
E) the continuation of rationing.

Question 47

To wage the cultural Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency and Defense Department:

A) promoted the work of artist Norman Rockwell.
B) censored the work of modern artists.
C) funded an array of artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits.
D) sought to censor the work of painter Jackson Pollock.
E) imposed artistic conformity.

Question 48

Which statement best describes what NSC-68 called for?

A) patience on the part of the United States in dealing with the Soviet Union
B) a permanent military buildup and a global application of containment
C) limited strategic goals, confronting the Soviets only at key industrial areas
D) a sole reliance on nuclear weapons while demobilizing conventional forces
E) limited strategic goals, confronting the Chinese only at key industrial areas

Question 49

The impact of the Cold War on American culture was:

A) especially evident in the movies.
B) limited in scope.
C) discouraged in the public schools.
D) widely criticized by the news media.
E) felt mostly in the cities.

Question 50

Which long-held U.S. territory was granted independence in 1946?

A) Puerto Rico
B) Philippines
C) Wake Island
D) Guam
E) Samoa

Question 51

In 1949, Mao Zedong:

A) represented the Chinese at the United Nations.
B) led a successful communist revolution in China.
C) led a successful communist revolution in Taiwan.
D) was an ally of the United States.
E) cooperated with the Chinese nationalists.

Question 52

When World War II ended:

A) the majority of veterans went to college.
B) demobilization proceeded quickly.
C) the divorce rate declined.
D) women who worked in war industries retained their jobs.
E) soldiers found the adjustment to civilian life easy.

Question 53

"Militant Liberty" was the code name for a national security agency that:

A) patrolled the border in search of illegal aliens.
B) encouraged Hollywood to produce anticommunist movies.
C) required labor unions to purge suspected communist leaders.
D) forced schools to fire teachers and university professors suspected of teaching Marxist ideas.
E) encouraged artists to paint work in a Norman Rockwell style.

Question 54

The principle of human rights-the idea of basic rights belonging to all persons because they are human-was introduced into international relations:

A) after the Holocaust.
B) after the dropping of the atomic bomb.
C) when NATO was established.
D) in the late eighteenth century during the American and French Revolutions.
E) when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted.

Question 55

All of the following statements are true of the Fair Deal EXCEPT:

A) the Fair Deal included a provision to expand public housing.
B) Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans.
C) the Fair Deal included a provision to increase the minimum wage.
D) the Fair Deal included a provision to create a national health insurance program.
E) the Fair Deal included a provision to expand Social Security coverage.

Question 56

In 1948, Eleanor Roosevelt chaired a committee to draft the:

A) GI Bill of Rights.
B) Economic Bill of Rights.
C) Declaration of the Rights of Man.
D) Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
E) Civil Rights Act.

Question 57

The movements for colonial independence:

A) highlighted the strengths of U.S. Cold War policy.
B) highlighted the limitations of U.S. Cold War policy.
C) generally had U.S. support.
D) were all led by communists.
E) declined during the Cold War.

Question 58

All of the following are enactments of the policy of containment EXCEPT:

A) the Truman Doctrine
B) the Marshall Plan
C) the Berlin Airlift
D) the Korean War
E) the Warsaw Pact

Question 59

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

A) was immediately ratified by Congress.
B) was honored by both the United States and the Soviets.
C) included freedom of speech and religion.
D) was drafted by President Truman.
E) did not address economic rights.

Question 60

Which statement about the Korean conflict is FALSE?

A) The United Nations authorized the use of forces to repel the North Koreans.
B) Chinese troops threatened to enter the conflict, but never did.
C) General MacArthur argued for an invasion of China and for the use of nuclear weapons.
D) Truman removed General MacArthur from his command when he publicly criticized Truman.
E) The war ended in a cease-fire, not with a formal peace treaty.

Question 61

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg:

A) received a fair trial and sentence.
B) were found innocent and soon released.
C) were executed after a questionable trial.
D) plotted to assassinate the president.
E) were deported to the Soviet Union.

Question 62

Joe McCarthy announced that he had a list of 205 communists who worked for the:

A) State Department.
B) Department of the Interior.
C) Federal Bureau of Investigation.
D) AFL-CIO.
E) Central Intelligence Agency.

Question 63

In 1948, the Progressive Party:

A) advocated expanded social welfare programs.
B) supported segregation.
C) supported Truman's civil rights proposals.
D) agreed with Truman's Cold War policies.
E) did not allow socialists or communists to join.

Question 64

President Truman's civil rights plan called for all of the following EXCEPT:

A) a permanent federal civil rights commission.
B) national laws against lynching and the poll tax.
C) equal access to jobs.
D) reparations.
E) equal access to education.

Question 65

Joseph McCarthy:

A) had the full support of the Senate during his anticommunist crusade.
B) successfully uncovered the communist infiltration of the federal government.
C) successfully uncovered the communist infiltration of the U.S. army.
D) was hailed as an American hero for his fight against communism.
E) was an embarrassment to his party by 1954.

Question 66

Jackie Robinson:

A) was president of the NAACP.
B) was banned from major league baseball.
C) broke the color barrier in major league baseball.
D) took his case all the way to the Supreme Court.
E) experienced no difficulties as the first black player for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

Question 67

Who did the States' Rights Party nominate for president in 1948?

A) Strom Thurmond
B) Henry Wallace
C) Joe McCarthy
D) George Wallace
E) Thomas Dewey

Question 68

Which piece of American legislation stated that union leaders had to swear an oath that they were not communists?

A) House Un-American Activities Committee Act
B) Truman Federal Employee Loyalty Act
C) Taft-Hartley Act
D) The McCarran-Walter Act
E) NSC-68

Question 69

What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings?

A) They were all communists and did want to indict themselves.
B) Ronald Reagan had threatened that they would lose their jobs if they cooperated.
C) They were all busy making movies and did not have time to attend the hearings.
D) They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment.
E) As Republicans, they were insulted that their loyalty was being questioned.

Question 70

The 1948 presidential race:

A) was a three-way race.
B) was the last presidential race to occur before television forever changed campaigning.
C) ended the movement of southern Democrats into the Republican Party.
D) highlighted gender as a campaign issue.
E) was won by Strom Thurmond.

Question 71

Who did Whittaker Chambers accuse of being a soviet spy during a HUAC hearing?

A) Julius Rosenberg
B) Richard Nixon
C) Alger Hiss
D) David Greenglass
E) Robert Oppenheimer

Question 72

Which does Henry Steele Commager identify as the "new loyalty" in America?

A) conformity
B) consumerism
C) republicanism
D) anticommunism
E) religion

Question 73

All of the following statements about the Cold War's impact on American life are true EXCEPT:

A) The Cold War reshaped immigration policy.
B) The Cold War promoted the rapid expansion of higher education.
C) Cold War policy supported scientific research in medicine and computers.
D) The Cold War contributed to the dismantling of segregation.
E) Cold War military spending weakened the economy.

Question 74

Operation Dixie was:

A) a postwar strike wave.
B) the postwar union campaign in the South.
C) an effort to increase black suffrage.
D) the congressional effort to outlaw lynching.
E) the mass return of African-Americans to the South after World War II.

Question 75

The Dixiecrats:

A) opposed segregation in the South.
B) opposed desegregation in the South.
C) dominated the Democratic Party in 1948.
D) were led by Hubert Humphrey.
E) supported Harry Truman in 1948.

Question 76

The Hollywood Ten:

A) included Ronald Reagan and Walt Disney.
B) refused to name names.
C) were all found to be communists.
D) suffered no consequences.
E) received little attention in the press.

Question 77

The Taft-Hartley Act:

A) outlawed the closed shop.
B) legalized sympathy strikes.
C) strengthened the rights of organized labor.
D) banned right-to-work laws.
E) was supported by President Truman.

Question 78

Dennis v. United States:

A) made it illegal to jail communists.
B) allowed the deportation of suspected communists.
C) forbade the Communist Party from existing in the United States.
D) upheld the jailing of communists.
E) allowed universities to fire professors who taught the theories of Marx.

Question 79

Which civil rights measure was passed into law during Truman's administration?

A) federal law against lynching
B) desegregation of the armed forces
C) establishment of a permanent federal civil rights commission
D) federal law against poll taxes
E) protection for equal access to jobs and education

Question 80

Who were the common victims of McCarthyism?

A) known communists
B) immigrants from Russia and Germany
C) virtually anyone who refused to cooperate with the investigations
D) teachers and university professors
E) military servicemen