Deck 5: Civil Rights and Public Policy

Question 1

Hispanic Americans now constitute the largest minority group in the United States.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

______ requires employers to make "reasonable accommodations" and prohibits employment discrimination against people with disabilities.

A)The Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
B)The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
C)The Civil Rights Act of 1964
D)The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
E)The Age Discrimination in Employment Act

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which amendment extended suffrage to African American men?

A)Thirteenth
B)Fourteenth
C)Fifteenth
D)Sixteenth
E)Nineteenth

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The Dred Scott v.Sandford ruling was handed down by the Supreme Court

A)a few years after the Civil War.
B)in 1896.
C)during the Civil War.
D)in the 1950s.
E)a few years prior to the Civil War.

Question 5

The 1954 Supreme Court case that extended protection against discrimination to Hispanics was

A)Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez.
B)Hernandez v. Texas.
C)Thornburg v. Gingles.
D)Miller v. Johnson.
E)Hunt v. Cromartie.

Question 6

In its 1995 ruling in Adarand Constructors v.Pena,the Supreme Court

A)changed direction and began to curtail federal use of affirmative action programs.
B)outlawed discrimination against women in the construction industry.
C)mandated an expansion of federal affirmative action programs.
D)upheld federal affirmative action programs as constitutional.
E)broadened the scope of state and local affirmative action programs that it considers constitutional.

Question 7

In which case did the Supreme Court decide that a compelling interest for promoting diversity on campus existed?

A)Grutter v. Bollinger
B)Johnson v. Transportation Agency,Santa Clara County
C)Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
D)Reed v. Reed
E)Brown v. Board of Education

Question 8

In Parents Involved in Community Schools v.Seattle School District No.1 (2007),the Supreme Court

A)held that the school district's use of race in voluntary integration plans violated the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection.
B)held that the school district's use of race in voluntary integration plans was constitutional.
C)held that school districts inherently possessed an inherent interest in remedying the effects of past segregation and,thus,could consider race in their strategies toward integration.
D)ruled that school districts could consider race as a primary factor in preventing resegregation of public schools.
E)overturned previous rulings that prohibited the consideration of race in determining the boundaries of public school districts.

Question 9

The Fourteenth Amendment forbids the states from denying anyone equal protection of the laws.

Question 10

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

A)made racial discrimination illegal in places of public accommodation.
B)prohibited gender discrimination in the workplace.
C)prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in the workplace and in educational settings.
D)All of these are true.
E)None of these is true.

Question 11

Which is responsible for enforcing the Voting Rights Act?

A)Congress
B)County Boards of Elections
C)State governments
D)The U.S. Justice Department
E)The Equal Opportunity Commission

Question 12

The Thirteenth Amendment

A)forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.
B)gave African Americans the right to vote.
C)repealed the Twelfth Amendment.
D)established the principle of separate but equal.
E)repealed Prohibition.

Question 13

Which Supreme Court justice wrote the opinion for Brown v.Board of Education (1954)?

A)Richard Taney
B)Earl Warren
C)William Rehnquist
D)John Marshall
E)John Roberts

Question 14

Discrimination on the basis of sex or gender must meet a higher standard of review than discrimination on the basis of race and/or ethnicity.

Question 15

Voting rights for African Americans were not fully secured until the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Question 16

In Korematsu v.United States,the Supreme Court ruled that the public order requiring Japanese Americans to be removed from the West Coast during World War II and placed in internment camps was racist and unconstitutional.

Question 17

Title IX of the Education Act of 1972

A)requires gender parity in public school enrollments.
B)forbids gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs,including athletics.
C)prohibits single-sex educational institutions and schools.
D)requires public school institutions to demonstrate equal average scores among male and female students on standardized tests.
E)allows gender discrimination in education if it can be demonstrated to be an "educational necessity."

Question 18

When it comes to classifications on the basis of race,the Supreme Court applies the __________ standard of review.

A)inherently suspect
B)intermediate scrutiny
C)reasonableness
D)strict scrutiny
E)stare decisis

Question 19

The Voting Rights Act of 1982

A)insisted that minorities be able to "elect representatives of their choice."
B)upheld states' practices of racial gerrymandering to increase the numbers of racial minorities elected to office.
C)required that the redrawing of district boundaries avoid discriminatory intent but not necessarily discriminatory results.
D)required that the redrawing of district boundaries avoid both discriminatory intent and results.
E)ruled that district lines could not be redrawn.

Question 20

The largest minority group in the United States is

A)Native Americans.
B)African Americans.
C)Japanese Americans.
D)Hispanic Americans.
E)Asian Americans.

Question 21

What are the three levels of scrutiny used by the Supreme Court to discover whether discrimination is permissible?

A)Reasonableness,inherently suspect,and the intermediate standard
B)Reasonableness,inherently suspect,and grossly discriminatory
C)Arguably discriminatory,reasonable analysis,and negligent
D)Negligent,arguably discriminatory,and reasonable
E)Suspect,inherently suspect,and the intermediate standard

Question 22

De jure educational segregation occurs

A)by constitutional amendment.
B)by law.
C)by forced school busing to integrate the races.
D)by the reality of neighborhood schools located in areas that happen to be racially segregated.
E)from day-to-day depending on changing enrollments at a particular school.

Question 23

State laws that restrict the right to vote to people over the age of 18 are an example of

A)a permissible basis for discrimination under the Supreme Court's standards of classification.
B)an arbitrary classification under the Supreme Court's standards of classification.
C)an inherently suspect classification under the Supreme Court's standards of classification.
D)an intermediate classification under the Supreme Court's standards of classification.
E)None of these is true.

Question 24

The Brown v.Board of Education decision overturned the Supreme Court's 1896 ruling in

A)Craig v. Boren.
B)Dred Scott v. Sandford.
C)Marbury v. Madison.
D)Amos v. Alabama.
E)Plessy v. Ferguson.

Question 25

In Dred Scott v.Sandford (1857),Chief Justice Taney declared that

A)the importation of slaves into the United States was illegal,but slavery itself was not.
B)Congress had no authority to ban slavery.
C)a slave who had escaped to a free state became a free man.
D)slavery is inherently unconstitutional.
E)slavery can be practiced in the so-called free states.

Question 26

The Equal Rights Amendment was ratified in 1973.

Question 27

The courts have recently ruled that,under the Fourteenth Amendment,racial and ethnic classifications by states in regard to any matter are

A)reasonable.
B)unconstitutional.
C)inherently suspect.
D)not the proper business of the federal courts to consider but are up to the states individually.
E)arbitrary but usually reasonable.

Question 28

The Defense of Marriage Act,passed in 1996,permits states to disregard same-sex marriages even if they are legal elsewhere in the U.S.

Question 29

In which amendment does the phrase "equal protection of the laws" appear?

A)Thirteenth
B)Fourteenth
C)Fifteenth
D)Sixteenth
E)Seventeenth

Question 30

The ________ Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States.

A)Tenth
B)Eleventh
C)Twelfth
D)Thirteenth
E)Fourteenth

Question 31

Equal protection of the laws

A)means that laws cannot establish different standards for the treatment of different groups.
B)is guaranteed in the original Constitution.
C)means that states have to make their laws promote equality among persons.
D)provides a rigid standard for constitutional interpretation.
E)does not deny states treating classes of citizens differently if the classification is reasonable.

Question 32

De facto educational segregation occurs

A)by forced school busing to separate the races.
B)by forced school busing to integrate the races.
C)when segregated classrooms occur within an integrated school.
D)by law.
E)by the reality of neighborhood schools located in areas that happen to be racially segregated.

Question 33

Civil rights laws increase the scope and power of government.

Question 34

Increased government activity in protecting civil rights can actually lead to greater checks on government.

Question 35

Legal segregation of the races was declared unconstitutional in public schools in the 1954 landmark ruling known as

A)King v. University of Kansas.
B)Plessy v. Ferguson.
C)Dred Scott v. Sandford.
D)Craig v. Boren.
E)Brown v. Board of Education.

Question 36

Classifications based on gender have been ruled to be ________ by the decisions of the Court in the past several years.

A)reasonable
B)strictly unconstitutional
C)sexist
D)inherently suspect
E)somewhere between inherently suspect and reasonable

Question 37

In Brown v.Board of Education (1954),the Supreme Court

A)ordered the Topeka school district to spend more money on Black schools.
B)enunciated the principle of equal but separate.
C)ruled that the visible signs of education were substantially equal between Black schools and White ones.
D)enunciated the principle of separate but equal.
E)ruled that school segregation was inherently unequal.

Question 38

In the case of Plessy v.Ferguson,

A)housing discrimination was forbidden.
B)the principle of "separate but equal" was overturned.
C)school busing was allowed to remedy racial segregation.
D)United States citizenship and all rights that go with it were granted to former slaves.
E)the principle of "separate but equal" was used to justify segregation.

Question 39

Jim Crow laws were those that

A)were enacted by Southern Whites in the late nineteenth century to segregate African Americans from Whites.
B)the North enforced in the South in the Reconstruction era following the Civil War,granting rights to former slaves.
C)sought to end segregation and bring the races into closer contact with one another.
D)justified slavery and set codes for slaves' behavior.
E)established slavery and contract law regulating the slave trade.

Question 40

The Nineteenth Amendment guaranteed women the right to vote.

Question 41

Most of the provisions in the Bill of Rights were applied to tribal governments in

A)the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
B)the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
C)Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
D)the 1982 Amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
E)the Equal Employment Opportunity Act.

Question 42

Poll taxes for federal elections were outlawed in the

A)Voting Rights Act.
B)Civil Rights Act of 1964.
C)Supreme Court's Guinn v. United States decision of 1915.
D)Twenty-fourth Amendment.
E)Tax Reform Act of 1963.

Question 43

Suffrage refers to

A)the practice of de facto slavery rather than de jure slavery.
B)the legal segregation of the races or of men and women in hotels,motels,restaurants,and other public places.
C)the hardships endured to obtain civil rights for African Americans and equal rights for women.
D)the legal right to vote.
E)the practice of shackling slaves working in fields so they could not run away.

Question 44

The women's rights movement was most famously launched with the signing of the

A)Feminist Manifesto.
B)Emancipation Proclamation.
C)Seneca Falls Declaration.
D)Equal Rights Amendment.
E)Declaration of Independence.

Question 45

The immediate reaction to Brown v.Board of Education (1954)was

A)the busing of students to achieve racially balanced schools.
B)the closing of schools in Topeka,Kansas.
C)passage of the Twenty-third Amendment to overturn the Brown decision.
D)the desegregation of public schools in the South.
E)increased enrollment in private schools by Whites in the South and a threat to close public schools.

Question 46

One consequence of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was

A)a dramatic increase in the number of African Americans registered to vote.
B)increased access of Blacks to public accommodations.
C)the increased use of gerrymandering.
D)decreased involvement of federal officials in state election procedures.
E)an increase in segregation.

Question 47

The White primary

A)was the examination voters had to pass before being allowed to vote,designed to prevent Blacks from voting because they had been denied educational opportunities.
B)denied Blacks the right to run for office in primary elections in the South.
C)excluded Blacks from primary elections,thus depriving them of a voice in the real electoral contests in the South.
D)denied Blacks the right to vote in all southern elections.
E)allowed Blacks to vote only in Republican primaries in the heavily Democratic South.

Question 48

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the map on page 144 ("My State: A Nation of Minorities")?

A)The states with the smallest non-White populations include the states of Idaho,South Dakota,North Dakota,and Montana.
B)A majority of the populations in the states of Hawaii,California,Texas,and New Mexico are non-White.
C)Nineteen states in the U.S. are comprised of populations that are 15 to 29 percent non-White.
D)All of the above are true.
E)None of the above is true.

Question 49

Hernandez v.Texas (1954)was significant in that

A)the Court extended protection from discrimination to Hispanic Americans,guaranteeing their right to a free trial.
B)the Court required Arlington National Cemetery to permit the burial of a Hispanic solider.
C)it permitted the state of Texas to exclude Hispanics from trial juries.
D)it refused to extend civil liberties protections to migrant workers in Texas.
E)None of the these is true.

Question 50

The Civil Rights Act of ________,the most important law since the Emancipation Proclamation,made racial discrimination illegal in public accommodations throughout America.

A)1954
B)1964
C)1974
D)1984
E)1994

Question 51

The Twenty-fourth Amendment,ratified in 1964,

A)prohibited discrimination in employment or public accommodations based on race.
B)granted Negroes the right to vote.
C)outlawed the use of literacy tests in order to register to vote.
D)outlawed the grandfather clause and the White primary.
E)prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections.

Question 52

After Brown v.Board of Education (1954),school integration in the South

A)was unaffected by the decision.
B)ended abruptly.
C)was completed within three years.
D)never changed.
E)proceeded very slowly.

Question 53

In 1964,Congress prohibited federal aid to schools that remained segregated in the

A)Civil Rights Act.
B)No Child Left Behind Act.
C)National Education Act.
D)Equal Opportunity Act.
E)Equality of Education Act.

Question 54

The "grandfather clause" was passed by Oklahoma and other southern states to

A)exclude Blacks from having the right to vote in primary elections,though they could vote in general elections.
B)guarantee the equal rights of senior citizens in employment.
C)deny African Americans the right to vote.
D)deny land to anyone whose grandfathers were not White.
E)distribute land to former slaves on the basis of how many generations they had served on a particular plantation.

Question 55

Which amendment reads,"The right of citizens to vote shall not be abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race,color,or previous condition of servitude"?

A)Thirteenth
B)Fourteenth
C)Fifteenth
D)Sixteenth
E)Twentieth

Question 56

Which of the following statements about Native Americans is FALSE?

A)Native Americans are the oldest minority group in the United States.
B)Native Americans are guaranteed access to the polls,housing,and to jobs.
C)Native Americans were made citizens of the United States long before African Americans received the same status.
D)The Indian Claims Act of 1946 established a means to settle financial disputes arising from lands taken from the Native Americans.
E)Native Americans are the poorest minority group in the United States.

Question 57

Which of the following statements about African Americans' involvement in U.S.electoral politics is FALSE?

A)There are currently more than 9,400 African American elected officials in the U.S.
B)In 1965,when the Voting Rights Act was passed,only 70 African Americans held public office in the southern states.
C)The number of African American elected officials grew to approximately 2,500 by the 1980s.
D)The Voting Rights Act has had little effect on the number of African Americans elected to office.
E)The Voting Rights Act produced a major increase in the number of African Americans registered to vote in the South.

Question 58

The agency created by the 1964 Civil Rights Act and charged with monitoring and enforcing protections against job discrimination is the

A)Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
B)Federal Trade Commission.
C)Federal Communication Commission.
D)National Bar Association.
E)Voting Rights Commission.

Question 59

Which is the fastest growing minority population in the United States?

A)African Americans
B)Hispanics
C)Asian Americans
D)Arab Americans
E)Native Americans

Question 60

In the case of Korematsu v.United States,the Supreme Court

A)ruled that the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast and their placement in internment camps during World War II was barbaric and unconstitutional.
B)ruled just prior to World War II that Japanese Americans living in the United States had to be repatriated to Japan.
C)upheld the constitutionality of the United States atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
D)upheld the constitutionality of the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast and their placement in internment camps during World War II.
E)ruled that restrictions on Japanese ownership of land in the United States were unconstitutional.

Question 61

Historically,equality in American society has tended to emphasize equal results.

Question 62

Which of the following statements about civil rights and the scope of government is FALSE?

A)Civil rights laws tend to decrease the scope and power of government.
B)Civil rights laws regulate the behavior of individuals and institutions.
C)Current civil rights laws do not conform to the eighteenth-century understanding of limited government.
D)Increased government activity in protecting basic rights can lead to greater checks on government by those who benefit from these protections.
E)Equality tends to favor majority rule.

Question 63

The ________ banned gender discrimination in employment by law.

A)Civil Rights Act of 1964
B)Fair Labor Standards Act
C)Supreme Court ruling in National Organization for Women v. Bank of America
D)Nineteenth Amendment
E)Gender Equity Act of 1972

Question 64

In the case of Regents of the University of California v.Bakke,the Court

A)refused to allow the admission of Bakke to University of California-Davis.
B)was united in its decision.
C)ordered that University of California-Davis could not use race as a criterion for admission.
D)ruled that nursing schools cannot discriminate against men in their admissions procedures.
E)ruled that a public university could not set aside a quota of spots for particular groups.

Question 65

Alice Paul authored the Equal Rights Amendment and unsuccessfully pushed for its passage beginning in the

A)1920s.
B)1940s.
C)1960s.
D)1970s.
E)1980s.

Question 66

Sexual harassment is prohibited by

A)Title IX of the Education Act of 1972.
B)Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
C)the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
D)the Thirteenth Amendment.
E)the Nineteenth Amendment

Question 67

The Nineteenth Amendment

A)gave women the constitutional right to vote.
B)outlawed the poll tax in federal elections.
C)repealed Prohibition.
D)gave African Americans the constitutional right to vote.
E)ended slavery.

Question 68

The 2003 Supreme Court decision in Lawrence v.Texas was significant in that it

A)overturned Bowers v. Hardwick in voiding anti-sodomy laws on constitutional grounds of privacy.
B)upheld Bowers v. Hardwick,reaffirming that antisodomy laws were constitutional.
C)permitted the Boy Scouts to exclude gay men from being adult members because homosexuality violates the organization's principles.
D)legalized gay marriage.
E)voided a state constitutional amendment permitting discrimination against gays.

Question 69

In the case of Craig v.Boren,the Supreme Court ruled that

A)sex classifications would be treated by the Court as inherently suspect.
B)racial classifications were constitutional if they have a compelling,legitimate,and rational purpose.
C)it would employ an "intermediate scrutiny" standard: sex discrimination would be treated as neither valid nor invalid.
D)sex classifications would be treated by the Court as valid.
E)all sex classifications were unconstitutional.

Question 70

The Supreme Court declared school segregation unconstitutional in 1954,in Brown v.Board of Education.

Question 71

Betty Friedan's book,________,published in 1963,encouraged many women to question traditional assumptions and to assert their rights.

A)A Handmaid's Tale
B)The Second Sex
C)The Female Eunuch
D)Women and Economics
E)The Feminine Mystique

Question 72

In Grutter v.Bollinger (2003),the Supreme Court

A)upheld the University of Michigan law school's use of race as one of many factors in determining student admissions.
B)declared unconstitutional the University of Michigan law school's use of race as one of many factors in determining student admissions.
C)required that the University of Michigan law school admit a proportion of African American law school students approximately equal to the proportion of African American undergraduate students at the university.
D)argued that there was no compelling interest in promoting racial diversity on the University of Michigan law school campus.
E)None of these is true.

Question 73

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely on the basis of their race?

A)Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
B)Adarand Constructors v. Pena
C)Grutter v. Bollinger
D)Reed v. Reed
E)Brown v. Board of Education

Question 74

In ________,the Supreme Court ruled that any arbitrary sex-based classification violated the equal protection clause.

A)Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
B)Dred Scott v. Sandford
C)Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools
D)Reed v. Reed
E)Roe v. Wade

Question 75

The Fourteenth Amendment forbids slavery and grants the right to vote to African Americans and other non-Whites in the United States.

Question 76

The United States Supreme Court has handed down each of the following decisions concerning gender discrimination in employment and business activity EXCEPT

A)requiring the federal government to give women equal pay for jobs of comparable worth.
B)prohibiting gender discrimination in private business and service clubs.
C)voiding laws and rules barring women from jobs through arbitrary height and weight requirements.
D)protecting women from being required to take mandatory pregnancy leaves from their jobs.
E)None of the above; the court has handed down each of the decisions above.

Question 77

"Comparable worth" refers to the issue of

A)denying women equivalent salaries to men for jobs requiring similar skills.
B)government subsidization of women who choose to work at home.
C)the inherent dignity and equality of women with men.
D)reduced work responsibilities for female workers with children.
E)equal voting rights and access to public office for women.

Question 78

When did the organized social movement and popular struggle for women's suffrage begin?

A)1776
B)1848
C)1900
D)1920
E)1960

Question 79

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973

A)entitles all children to a free public education appropriate to their needs.
B)increased the amount of financial aid to people with disabilities.
C)guaranteed free,lifetime medical care and physical therapy for Vietnam War veterans.
D)added people with disabilities to the list of Americans protected from discrimination.
E)prohibits employment discrimination against people with disabilities.

Question 80

In Plessy v.Ferguson,the Supreme Court provided a constitutional justification for segregation,establishing the separate but equal doctrine.