Deck 15: Leadership and Employee Behavior in International Business

Question 1

Which term refers to the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguishes one individual from another?

A) personality
B) attitude
C) perception
D) ethics

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Locus of control ________.

A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them
B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task
C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems
D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Jackie is insecure, reactive, and subject to extreme mood swings. She is lacking in ________.

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability.

Answer 3

emotional stability.

Question 4

Which Big Five personality traits are good predictors of performance across a variety of job criteria and occupational groups in the United States and the European Union?

A) openness and extroversion
B) emotional stability and conscientiousness
C) extroversion and emotional stability
D) conscientiousness and agreeableness

Question 5

Which of the following personality traits describes a person who is poised, calm, and secure?

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 6

Mike is talkative, sociable, and assertive. He could be described using the personality trait of ________.

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 7

Discussion concerning the extent to which personality attributes are biologically inherited is commonly called the ________.

A) nurture argument
B) nature argument
C) DNA approach
D) biological argument

Question 8

What Big Five personality trait refers to a person's ability to get along with others?

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 9

Which of the following personality traits describes a person whose behavior is gentle, cooperative, understanding, and good-natured?

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 10

Sanjay, an HR manager, is organized, systematic, and responsible. Sanjay would most likely score high on which Big Five personality dimension?

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 11

People who are high in ________ are willing to listen to new ideas and to change their own beliefs as a result of new information.

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 12

What personality trait refers to one's comfort level with relationships?

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) openness
D) emotional stability

Question 13

Jeff is irritable, short-tempered, and uncooperative with others. He is lacking in ________.

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 14

Conscientiousness refers to ________.

A) the ability to get along with others
B) the drive to impose order and precision
C) the inclination to maintain a balanced emotional state
D) one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests

Question 15

Andrea is disorganized, careless, and irresponsible. She is lacking in ________.

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 16

Discussion concerning the extent to which personality attributes are shaped by the social and cultural environment in which people are raised is commonly called the ________.

A) nurture argument
B) nature argument
C) culture factor
D) biological argument

Question 17

Extroversion refers to ________.

A) the ability to get along with others
B) the drive to impose order and precision
C) one's comfort level with relationships
D) one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests

Question 18

________ is a useful predictor of managerial performance in China.

A) Extroversion
B) Emotional stability
C) Openness
D) Agreeableness

Question 19

What personality trait refers to one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests?

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 20

What personality trait refers to the order and precision a person imposes on activities?

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 21

________ indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task.

A) Internal locus of control
B) External locus of control
C) Self-efficacy
D) Conscientiousness

Question 22

Self-esteem ________.

A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them
B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task
C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems
D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

Question 23

Which term refers to the extent to which an individual is gratified by or fulfilled in his or her work?

A) job satisfaction
B) job commitment
C) career awareness
D) career motivation

Question 24

According to research, high levels of job satisfaction are typically linked to ________.

A) low workers' compensation rates
B) high performance levels
C) low absenteeism
D) high turnover

Question 25

Jason spends every weekend studying for his advanced degree and regularly attends seminars designed to improve his skills. He believes this effort will pay off in career success. What personality trait best explains Jason's belief?

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) self-efficacy
D) conscientiousness

Question 26

Self-efficacy ________.

A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them
B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task
C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems
D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

Question 27

________ is the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment.

A) Environmental scanning
B) Perception
C) Attitude development
D) Stereotyping

Question 28

Which term refers to complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people?

A) motivations
B) attitudes
C) beliefs
D) ethics

Question 29

Jason states at a meeting that Japanese managers work all the time and Swiss managers are well organized. Which term best describes Jason's comments?

A) transferring
B) bonding
C) scanning
D) stereotyping

Question 30

Authoritarianism ________.

A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them
B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task
C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems
D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

Question 31

________ is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual.

A) Locus of control
B) Self-esteem
C) Self-efficacy
D) Extraversion

Question 32

________ is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems like business organizations.

A) Locus of control
B) Self-efficacy
C) Authoritarianism
D) Conscientiousness

Question 33

Martha, a manager at a marketing firm, took a personality test which indicated that she has a high degree of authoritarianism. Which of the following would Martha most likely do?

A) give directives to subordinates
B) praise subordinates for being creative
C) provide subordinates a major role in making decisions
D) encourage subordinates to question managerial decisions

Question 34

Lisa is busy studying for the GMAT. She realizes how important a good GMAT score is on her graduate school applications, and she is confident she will perform well. What personality trait best describes Lisa's confidence?

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) self-efficacy
D) conscientiousness

Question 35

Which perceptual process occurs when we make inferences about someone because of one or more characteristics they possess?

A) attitudes
B) commitment
C) scanning
D) stereotyping

Question 36

When individuals experience a strong stimulus, the natural response is ________.

A) pressure
B) stress
C) exhaustion
D) frustration

Question 37

Which attitude reflects an individual's loyalty to an employer?

A) job satisfaction
B) organizational commitment
C) business acumen
D) organizational culture

Question 38

John just found out that he did not get the promotion he wanted. He isn't upset because he believes fate just wasn't on his side. What personality trait best explains John's views in this situation?

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) self-efficacy
D) conscientiousness

Question 39

Colin has a big meeting with the managers of a company in Germany with whom he hopes to develop a strategic alliance. Colin seriously doubts his ability to negotiate the deal. What personality trait best describes Colin's situation?

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) self-efficacy
D) conscientiousness

Question 40

Courtney seeks good jobs, is confident in her abilities, and gets a lot of intrinsic satisfaction from her accomplishments. She could be described as someone with ________.

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) high self-esteem
D) high self-efficacy

Question 41

Extroversion describes the level of order and precision a person imposes on activities.

Question 42

In a study of stress among executives from 10 countries, executives from ________ experienced difficulties managing their stress.

A) Japan
B) the United States
C) Germany
D) the United Kingdom

Question 43

Agreeableness refers to a person's ability to get along with others.

Question 44

Explain what happens when we experience too little stress, the right amount of stress, and too much stress.

Question 45

What is the difference between an internal and external locus of control? How would this affect employers and employees?

Question 46

What are secondary needs? Why is it important for international managers to understand the secondary needs of employees from multiple cultures?

Question 47

What are the Big Five personality traits? How are these traits relevant to organizations?

Question 48

People from an individualistic and power-tolerant culture are more likely to have an external locus of control.

Question 49

The perceptions that Germans are autocratic and that Japanese are workaholics are stereotypes.

Question 50

Expatriates who are dissatisfied with their jobs are more likely to leave their employers than employees who are satisfied.

Question 51

Psychologists agree that personality is set primarily by nurture.

Question 52

As a manager, how would you build a cross-cultural team to ensure high productivity levels? What cultural factors should you consider before assigning team members? Illustrate your answer with examples.

Question 53

According to research, Europeans with high conscientiousness and emotional stability are more likely to perform at a higher level than those with low conscientiousness and less emotional stability.

Question 54

In a study of stress among executives from 10 countries, executives from ________ experienced the least stress.

A) Egypt
B) Japan
C) Sweden
D) Germany

Question 55

Self-efficacy indicates a person's abilities to perform a task.

Question 56

Satisfied employees tend to be absent less often, make positive contributions, and stay with the organization.

Question 57

Aiko, a manager at a Japanese marketing firm, has distributed a keiretsu through her department. Aiko is most likely trying to identify alternatives to a problem and generate new ideas.

Question 58

Because stress is a physiological response, all humans experience the same forms of stress and handle that stress in the same ways.

Question 59

________ is the overall set of forces that causes people to choose certain behaviors from a set of available behaviors.

A) Perception
B) Consideration
C) Leadership
D) Motivation

Question 60

What is job satisfaction? What factors influence an individual's level of job satisfaction? How might a manager with leadership skills influence a subordinate's job satisfaction?

Question 61

Process-based models of motivation are those that attempt to identify the specific need or set of needs that result in motivated behavior.

Question 62

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is relevant in all cultures.

Question 63

Things that people require in order to survive, such as food, are called ________.

A) secondary needs
B) primary needs
C) survival goals
D) sufficiency items

Question 64

McClelland's learned needs framework includes the need for affiliation, the need for power, and the need for achievement.

Question 65

Which models of motivation attempt to identify the specific need or set of needs that result in motivated behavior?

A) need-based models
B) process-based models
C) reinforcement models
D) perceptual models

Question 66

Which of the following is a true statement based on research of McClelland's learned needs framework?

A) The need for achievement exists only in developed cultures.
B) Individualistic cultures primarily promote the need for affiliation.
C) The need for achievement can be taught to people in different cultures.
D) Power-respecting cultures primarily promote the need for self-esteem.

Question 67

Which model of motivation incorporates the roles of rewards and punishment in maintaining or altering existing behavioral patterns?

A) need-based model
B) process-based model
C) reinforcement model
D) perceptual model

Question 68

Which of the following refers to what an individual must have or wants to have?

A) beliefs
B) goals
C) needs
D) values

Question 69

Which model of motivation deals with how people assess the consequences of their behavioral choices and how that assessment goes into their future choice of behaviors?

A) need-based model
B) process-based model
C) reinforcement model
D) perceptual model

Question 70

Herzberg's two-factor theory suggests that different factors affect satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

Question 71

Which theory suggests that one set of factors affects dissatisfaction and another set affects satisfaction?

A) Hofstede's cultural dimensions
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
C) Vroom's expectancy theory
D) Herzberg's two-factor theory

Question 72

People who maintain that individuals are in control of their lives are said to have an external locus of control.

Question 73

Hofstede's cultural dimensions can be classified as a need-based model of motivation.

Question 74

Which theory suggests that motivational needs can be taught to people in different cultures?

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) Vroom's expectancy theory
C) McClelland's learned needs framework
D) Herzberg's two-factor theory

Question 75

Cultural factors are among the most difficult and complex to assess and understand.

Question 76

Which theory says that behavior resulting in a positive outcome will likely be repeated under the same circumstances in the future?

A) reinforcement model
B) hierarchy of needs
C) expectancy theory
D) two-factor theory

Question 77

Which models of motivation focus more on the conscious thought processes people use to select one behavior from among several?

A) need-based models
B) process-based models
C) reinforcement models
D) perceptual models

Question 78

Research has found that German managers do a better job of balancing work and nonwork activities than their counterparts in the United Kingdom.

Question 79

Perception starts when we see, hear, touch, smell, or taste something.

Question 80

Relatively little research has explicitly tested expectancy theory in countries other than the United States. It does seem logical, however, that the basic framework of the theory should have wide applicability.