Deck 22: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Which component is not part of a nucleotide?

A)A nitrogen-containing base
B)A monosaccharide
C)An amino acid
D)A phosphate group

Answer 1

An amino acid

Question 2

A polynucleotide contains ________.

A)one free phosphate group at the 5' end
B)a backbone of alternating sugar and base groups
C)one free phosphate group at the 1' end
D)one free OH group at the 5' end

Answer 2

one free phosphate group at the 5' end

Question 3

What is the base present in the nucleoside below?

A)Purine
B)Pyrimidine
C)Phenol
D)Aniline

Answer 3

Purine

Question 4

Which is the structure of ATP?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 5

What is the abbreviation of the polynucleotide shown?

A)TAC
B)CAT
C)CGT
D)TGC

Question 6

The combination of a monosaccharide like ribose or deoxyribose,a base like purine or pyrimidine,and a phosphate unit is called ________.

A)a polysaccharide
B)a nucleoside
C)a nucleotide
D)a polyamide

Question 7

How many different trinucleotides can be formed from one guanine,one uracil,and one adenine?

A)1
B)3
C)6
D)18
E)27

Question 8

Which structure represents a nucleotide?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 9

Which sequence is not possible?

A)GAGAA
B)TAGGG
C)UTAGA
D)CCCCC

Question 10

Which base is found in DNA or RNA,but not both?

A)Uracil
B)Cytosine
C)Adenine
D)Guanine

Question 11

Which nucleotide abbreviation is not valid?

A)dAMP
B)AMP
C)dUMP
D)CMP

Question 12

What is a nucleoside?

A)A monosaccharide + a base
B)A polymer of ribonucleotides
C)The monosaccharides ribose and deoxyribose
D)A monosaccharide + a base + phosphate

Question 13

Which sequence has a purine base at the 3' end?

A)TCTAG
B)AUCCT
C)GUGCCU
D)CCTTC

Question 14

Which base is at the 5' end of the structure shown?

A)Adenine
B)Cytosine
C)Guanine
D)Thymine
E)Uracil

Question 15

Which of the following is the name of the nucleoside formed from D-ribose and cytosine?

A)Ribosine
B)Cytose
C)Cytidine
D)Cytamine

Question 16

What is the name of the nucleoside shown?

A)Hydroadenine
B)Deoxyadenosine
C)Deoxyguanosine
D)Hydroguanine

Question 17

Which base is at the 3' end of the structure shown?

A)Adenine
B)Cytosine
C)Guanine
D)Thymine
E)Uracil

Question 18

What is the abbreviation of the structure shown below?

A)GMP
B)AMP
C)CMP
D)TMP

Question 19

Which choice is a polynucleotide that is a polymer of ribonucleotides?

A)DNA
B)RNA
C)Both DNA and RNA
D)Neither DNA nor RNA

Question 20

What is the name of the nucleoside shown?

A)Uridine
B)Uridosine
C)Oxyuridine
D)Oxyuridosine

Question 21

Which codon does not code for alanine?

A)GCG
B)GCU
C)GCC
D)GCA
E)GAC

Question 22

What step in the synthesis of proteins involves the genetic message contained in mRNA specifying the specific amino acid sequence of a protein?

A)Elongation
B)Directed synthesis
C)Translation
D)Protein hydrolysis

Question 23

Which amino acid sequence is coded for by the mRNA sequence 5' CCA AAC UGG GUA 3'?

A)Pro-Asn-Trp-Val
B)Gln-Lys-Cys-Asp
C)Pro-Ser-Tyr-Val
D)Leu-Ile-Leu-Asp

Question 24

Each individual tRNA contains ________.

A)a base sequence that is identical to the informational strand of DNA
B)the sequence of codons that determines the order of amino acids in the protein
C)an anticodon of three nucleotides that is complementary to the codon in mRNA and identifies individual amino acids
D)an anticodon complementary to any of the three stop codons

Question 25

Which is the smallest type of RNA?

A)mRNA
B)dRNA
C)tRNA
D)rRNA

Question 26

What is the complementary strand for the DNA strand 5'-AAGGTAGC-3'?

A)3'-CGATGGAA-5'
B)3'-AAGGTAGC-5'
C)3'-TTCCATCG-5'
D)5'-TTCCATCG-3'
E)5'-CGATGGAA-3'

Question 27

Which mRNA sequence codes for the amino acid sequence Leu-Gly-Asp-Arg?

A)5' CUA GGU GAU AGC 3'
B)5' CUA CAG GAU AGA 3'
C)5' AGA GAU GGA UUA 3'
D)5' UUA GGA GAU AGA 3'

Question 28

Which is not one of the three stages in translation?

A)Termination
B)Initiation
C)Elongation
D)Mutation

Question 29

Which type of mutation occurs when a DNA sequence changes from GGA TCA CCG GAA…. to GGA TCC CGG….?

A)A deletion mutation
B)An insertion mutation
C)A point mutation
D)A transcription mutation

Question 30

A DNA sequence segment is initially AAA ATG TGA CCC. Which mutation would have the most significant effect on the resultant protein synthesized?

A)AAG ATG TGA CCC
B)AAA ATT TGA CCC
C)AAA ATG GAC CCU
D)AAA ATG TGA CGC

Question 31

Which amino acid sequence is coded for by the mRNA sequence 5' AAG GCU AGU GGC 3'?

A)Thr-His-Asn-Asp
B)Lys-Ala-Ser-Gly
C)Asp-Asn-His-Thr
D)Gly-Ser-Ala-Lys

Question 32

How many hydrogen bonds form between a G-C base pair in a DNA double helix?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 33

What is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself when a cell divides?

A)Transcription
B)Replication
C)Duplication
D)Cloning

Question 34

Which is not a stop codon?

A)UAA
B)UGA
C)UAG
D)UGC

Question 35

A DNA sequence segment is initially AAA ATG TGA CCC. Which mutation would have the least effect on the resultant protein synthesized?

A)AAG ATG TGA CCC
B)AAA ATT TGA CCC
C)AAA ATG GAC CCU
D)AAA ATG TGA CGC

Question 36

Which is not a type of RNA molecule?

A)mRNA
B)dRNA
C)tRNA
D)rRNA

Question 37

What polypeptide would be synthesized from the following template strand of DNA: 3' CGG AGA CGG ACG 5'?

A)Ala-Ser-Ala-Cys
B)Arg-Arg-Arg-Cys
C)Gln-Lys-Gln-Met
D)Ala-Ser-Ala-Thr
E)Cys-Ala-Ser-Ala

Question 38

Which is a genetic disease?

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)Sickle cell anemia
C)Galactosemia
D)Huntington's disease
E)All of the diseases are genetic diseases.

Question 39

Which statement about RNA codons is not true?

A)It is possible for two different codons to code for the same amino acid.
B)There are 64 different codons.
C)Three codons are "stop" codons,signaling the termination of protein synthesis.
D)Three codons are "start" codons,signaling the start of protein synthesis.

Question 40

Which statement concerning the replication of DNA is not true?

A)The first step in replication is unwinding the DNA to expose the bases on each strand.
B)A new phosphodiester bond is formed between the 5'-phosphate of the nucleoside triphosphate and the 3'-OH group of the new DNA strand.
C)Replication occurs in only one direction on the template strand,from the 5' end to the 3' end.
D)In replication,the lagging strand is synthesized in small fragments which are then joined together by a DNA ligase enzyme.

Question 41

How many different mRNA sequences code for the dipeptide Leu-Ile?

A)1
B)2
C)9
D)18

Question 42

Polynucleotides are named by the sequence of the bases they contain,beginning at the 3' end and using the one-letter abbreviation for the bases.

Question 43

DNA isolated from human cheek cells was found to contain 21% guanine. Which statement concerning the base composition of this DNA sample is true?

A)It contains 79% cytosine.
B)It contains 21% adenine,21% cytosine,and 21% thymine.
C)It contains 21% cytosine,29% adenine,and 29% thymine.
D)It is impossible to say anything specific about the percentages of adenine,cytosine,and thymine without further analysis of composition.

Question 44

Individual mRNAs bring specific amino acids to add to the growing peptide chain.

Question 45

Which statement concerning the biomolecules DNA is incorrect?

A)DNA stands for diribonucleic acid.
B)DNA stores the genetic information of an organism and transmits that information from one generation to another.
C)DNA molecules are located in the nucleus of a cell.
D)Four common bases are found in DNA: adenine,cytosine,guanine,and thymine.

Question 46

The strand of DNA used for RNA synthesis is called the information strand.

Question 47

In the process of translation,the genetic code contained in DNA is rewritten in mRNA,which leaves the nucleus and carries the information to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 48

DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that exists as a double helix. Which is responsible for holding the double helix of DNA together?

A)Phosphodiester bonds between complementary base pairs on each strand
B)β-N-glycosidic linkages between the sugar-phosphate backbone of each strand
C)Disulfide bonds between the cysteine residues on each strand
D)Hydrogen bonding between complementary bases on each strand

Question 49

The structure shown is a segment of an RNA strand.

Question 50

A chromosome is a segment of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein.

Question 51

The "cartoon" shown below is an example of an rRNA cloverleaf.

Question 52

Hydrogen bonding plays an important role in all but one of the items below. Which one does not involve hydrogen bonding?

A)DNA replication
B)DNA double helix
C)DNA primary structure
D)Synthesis of mRNA from DNA

Question 53

For the DNA segment 3'-ACCTGCCTACCCG-5',the sequence of the mRNA molecule synthesized is 5'-UGGACGGAUGGGC-3'.

Question 54

DNA consists of two polynucleotide strands that wind into a left-handed double helix.

Question 55

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mRNA in a cell?

A)To serve as a coenzyme in the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of proteins
B)To serve as the template strand in the synthesis of DNA
C)To transcribe the instructions for protein synthesis from DNA and carry this information to the ribosomes
D)To transport amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 56

During replication,the two strands of DNA separate and each serves as a template for a new strand. Thus,the original DNA molecule forms two DNA molecules,each of which contains one strand from the parent DNA and one new strand.

Question 57

3'-TCTCAGAG-5' is the sequence of a newly synthesized DNA segment when the template strand has the sequence 3'-AGAGTCTC-5'.

Question 58

Which is not one of the elements needed to amplify DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A)Two primers-short polynucleotides that are complementary to the two ends of the segment to be amplified
B)A restriction endonuclease enzyme that cleaves DNA at specific locations
C)The segment of DNA that must be copied
D)A DNA polymerase enzyme that will catalyze the synthesis of a complementary strand of DNA from a template strand
E)Nucleoside triphosphates that serve as the source of the nucleotides A,T,C,and G needed in the synthesis of the new strands of DNA

Question 59

Transcription forms a messenger RNA molecule with a sequence that is identical to the DNA template strand from which it is prepared.

Question 60

In the transcription "cartoon" shown,the direction of transcription is from right to left.

Question 61

Almost any type of cell-skin,saliva,semen,blood,etc.-can be used to obtain a DNA fingerprint of an individual.

Question 62

Insulin,a hormone used by millions of individuals with diabetes,was the first genetically engineered protein available in significant quantities by recombinant DNA methods.

Question 63

The restriction enzyme BamHI recognizes the DNA sequence GGATCC and cuts the DNA between the two G's. Given the segment of double-stranded DNA shown below the sticky ends that result from cleavage with this enzyme are

Question 64

If 22% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA contain the base adenine (A),then 22% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA contain the base thymine (T).

Question 65

When a mutation causes a protein deficiency or results in a defective protein,and the condition is inherited from one generation to another,a genetic disease results.

Question 66

The dipeptide produced from the DNA segment CAGCTA is the same as the dipeptide from the DNA segment CAGCTG.

Question 67

Cidofovir (structure shown)is an antiviral medication for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV)retinitis in patients with AIDS that suppresses CMV replication by selective inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. Cidofovir contains the nucleoside cytidine.

Question 68

A triplet codon is a sequence of three amino acids in a protein that signals for transcription.

Question 69

A nucleoside is formed by joining the anomeric carbon of the monosaccharide with a nitrogen atom of the base.

Question 70

The nucleic acid DNA stores the genetic information of a particular organism,while the nucleic acid RNA translates this genetic information into the synthesis of proteins needed by cells for proper function and development.

Question 71

There was a mix-up in the hospital nursery and there is a question as to which baby belongs to a set of new parents. The given gel contains the DNA fingerprint of the new mother (Lane 1),the new father (Lane 2),and two infants (Lanes 3 and 4). The DNA fingerprinting indicated that the infant tested in Lane 4 is the child of these parents.

Question 72

A virus that contains a core of RNA is called a retrovirus.

Question 73

All mutations result in a change in the amino acid sequence coded for by the DNA molecule.

Question 74

If a single strand of a gene contains 726 bases,242 amino acids will make up the polypeptide prepared from it,assuming every base of the gene is transcribed and then translated.

Question 75

The three key elements needed to form recombinant DNA are: a DNA molecule into which a new DNA segment will be inserted; an enzyme that cleaves DNA at specific locations; and an enzyme from a second organism that will be inserted in the original DNA molecule.

Question 76

When inserted into a bacterium,recombinant DNA can be used to prepare large quantities of useful proteins.

Question 77

The dipeptide produced from the DNA segment CAGCTA is the same as the dipeptide from the DNA segment CAGCTT.

Question 78

A virus is an infectious agent consisting of a DNA molecule and an RNA molecule that is contained within a protein coating.

Question 79

If 22% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA contain the base adenine (A),then 22% of the nucleotides in the same sample of DNA contain the base guanine (G).

Question 80

A gene is a portion of a DNA molecule responsible for the synthesis of a single protein.