Deck 63: Fetal Abdomen

Question 1

In a transverse image, evidence of the "double bubble" sign in a fetus with trisomy 21 represents which one of the following conditions?

A) Jejunoileal stenosis
B) Meconium ileus
C) Multicystic dysplastic kidney
D) Duodenal atresia

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Causes of echogenic areas in the fetal abdomen may be all of the following except:

A) peritoneal calcification.
B) meconium peritonitis.
C) duodenal atresia.
D) hydrometrocolpos.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A transposition of the liver and stomach, an absence of the gallbladder, multiple spleens, and a disruption of the inferior vena cava describes which one of the following conditions?

A) Asplenia
B) Pentalogy of Cantrell
C) Polysplenia
D) Bisplenia

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A cystic growth of the common bile duct is ______________.

A) choledochal cyst
B) cholelithiasis
C) pseudocyst
D) biliary atresia

Question 5

The most reliable criterion for diagnosing dilated bowel is which one of the following?

A) Bowel diameter
B) Double bubble sign
C) Polyhydramnios
D) Megacolon

Question 6

Which one of the following malformations of the midgut is most common?

A) Umbilical hernia
B) Meckel diverticulum
C) Omphalocele
D) Gastroschisis

Question 7

The distinction of the large bowel from the small bowel is possible as early as ____ weeks' gestation.

A) 16
B) 20
C) 24
D) 28

Question 8

The derivatives of the hindgut include all of the following except:

A) descending colon.
B) sigmoid colon.
C) cecum.
D) urethra.

Question 9

Which one of the following statements about the fetal stomach is incorrect?

A) Most fetuses greater than 14 to 16 weeks demonstrate fluid in their stomach.
B) A significant variation in the size of the stomach may be seen.
C) Echogenic debris may be seen in the dependent portion of the stomach.
D) An esophageal anomaly is the most common cause of nonvisualization of the stomach.

Question 10

Causes of the double bubble sign include all of the following except:

A) diaphragmatic hernia.
B) annular pancreas.
C) choledochal cyst.
D) duodenal stenosis.

Question 11

The sonographic criteria for choledochal cyst include all of the following except:

A) close proximity of the cyst to the neck of the gallbladder.
B) decreased size of a cyst and gallbladder on serial examinations.
C) ovoid right upper-quadrant cyst with an entering bile duct.
D) absence of peristalsis within the cyst.

Question 12

A sonographic demonstration of the normal esophagus in the second and third trimesters appears as a _________________.

A) multilayered pattern
B) hockey stick pattern
C) Mickey Mouse configuration
D) double bubble pattern

Question 13

A fetus with partial situs inversus demonstrates which of the following abnormalities?

A) Stomach is on the right, and the heart is on the left.
B) Stomach is on the left, and the heart is on the left.
C) Gallbladder is on the right, and the spleen is on the left.
D) Stomach is on the left, and the gallbladder is on the right.

Question 14

Haustral folds can be found within which one of the following structures?

A) Small bowel
B) Colon
C) Liver
D) Stomach

Question 15

A fetus with dilated loops of echogenic bowel should be evaluated for all of the following except:

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) meconium peritonitis.
C) duodenal atresia.
D) bowel obstruction.

Question 16

The normal diameter of the fetal small bowel is less than or equal to ____ millimeters (mm).

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

Question 17

Choose the remnant of the proximal yolk stalk.

A) Choledochal cyst
B) Meconium peritonitis
C) Meckel diverticulum
D) Urachal cyst

Question 18

A sonolucent band identified near the fetal anterior abdominal wall represents which one of the following?

A) Fetal hydrops
B) Pseudoascites
C) Ascites
D) Amniotic band syndrome

Question 19

Coexisting anomalies of fetuses with esophageal atresia include all of the following except:

A) vertebral defects.
B) renal anomalies.
C) cardiac defects.
D) ascites.

Question 20

The spleen is visualized on a transverse plane, just _________________.

A) anterior to the liver
B) posterior to the liver
C) posterior and left of the stomach
D) anterior and left of the stomach

Question 21

Which one of the following describes total situs inversus?

A) Heart is on the right, the liver is on the left, and the gallbladder on the right.
B) Heart is on the right, the liver is on the left, and the spleen is on the right.
C) Spleen is on the right, the heart is on the left, and the gallbladder is on the left.
D) Liver is on the right, the spleen is on the left, and the heart is on the right.

Question 22

Peritoneal calcifications noted in a fetus at 30 weeks' gestation may represent which one of the following?

A) Echogenic meconium
B) Cholelithiasis
C) Anorectal atresia
D) Meconium peritonitis

Question 23

A complex disorder of the bowel and genitourinary tract is called which one of the following abnormalities?

A) Hirschsprung disease
B) Jejunoileal atresia
C) Anorectal atresia
D) Meconium peritonitis

Question 24

VACTERL is a group of anomalies associated with which one of the following?

A) Duodenal atresia
B) Esophageal atresia
C) Jejunoileal atresia
D) Anorectal atresia

Question 25

Which one of the following statements about the fetal liver is incorrect?

A) The fetal liver is large compared with other intraabdominal organs.
B) The hepatic veins and fissures are formed by the end of the first trimester.
C) The right lobe is larger than the left lobe.
D) The liver occupies most of the upper abdomen.