Deck 13 (CO): The Vascular System

Question 1

In capillaries,diffusion is the process by which ______________ and __________________ are exchanged.

Answer 1

oxygen,carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide,oxygen

Question 2

In veins,backflow of blood is prevented by __________________.

Answer 2

valves

Question 3

In capillaries,nutrients are brought out into tissues by the process of ___________________.

Answer 3

filtration

Question 4

An arterial anastomosis provides an alternate pathway for blood to flow to a(n)______________________.

Question 5

The flow of blood into a capillary network is regulated by a(n)_______________________,which is made of ____________________________ tissue.

Question 6

The layer of the wall of an artery that helps maintain blood pressure is the _____________________.

Question 7

The function of valves in veins is to __________________________.

Question 8

In the wall of a vein,the layer that is folded into valves is the _____________________.

Question 9

In the vascular system,an alternate pathway for blood flow is provided by vessels called a(n)_______________________________.

Question 10

Smooth muscle tissue forms the _______________________ layer of an artery,and its function is to ___________________________.

Question 11

The layer of the wall of an artery that helps prevent rupture is the ____________________.

Question 12

The layer of the wall of an artery that is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting is the ____________________________.

Question 13

In capillaries,tissue fluid is brought back into the blood by the process of _______________.

Question 14

A venous anastomosis provides an alternate pathway for blood to flow back to the __________________.

Question 15

Capillaries are the site of ______________________ between the blood and tissues.

Question 16

Simple squamous epithelium forms the ____________________ of an artery,and its function is to __________________________.

Question 17

Capillaries are made of _______________________ tissue,and its important characteristic is its ____________________________.

Question 18

In capillaries,oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between blood and tissues by the process of _____________________.

Question 19

The outer layer of the wall of a vein is thin because ________________________ in veins is low.

Question 20

Fibrous connective tissue forms the _____________________ layer of an artery,and its function is to ____________________________.

Question 21

In capillaries,blood pressure provides the energy for the process of ____________________.

Question 22

In capillaries,albumin creates __________________ pressure,a pulling pressure.

Question 23

One purpose of portal circulation is to enable the liver to receive glucose absorbed by the _________________________ and store the excess as _______________________.

Question 24

In fetal circulation,blood flows from the placenta to the fetus through the ____________________________.

Question 25

In hepatic portal circulation,veins from abdominal organs unite to form the ______________ vein that empties blood into the ___________________ of the liver.

Question 26

The blood pressure in pulmonary circulation is always __________________,to prevent filtration and accumulation of fluid in the ____________________.

Question 27

One purpose of hepatic portal circulation is to enable the liver to receive alcohol absorbed by the stomach and _____________________ it before blood reaches the ____________________.

Question 28

In fetal circulation,exchanges between fetal blood and maternal blood take place in the ____________________________.

Question 29

The circle of Willis is formed by the two _________________________ arteries and the _________________________ artery.

Question 30

In capillaries,colloid osmotic pressure is created by the presence of __________________ in the blood.

Question 31

In pulmonary capillaries,______________________ diffuses from blood to air,and __________________ diffuses from air to blood.

Question 32

In hepatic portal circulation,blood from the ___________________ and the _______________ flows through the _________________ before returning to the heart.

Question 33

Veins carry blood from _______________________ to the ______________________.

Question 34

The circle of Willis supplies the ___________________,and is an example of an arterial ____________________.

Question 35

In pulmonary circulation,blood is pumped to the lungs by the _______________________,and returns to the _____________________ of the heart.

Question 36

In capillaries,the process of filtration depends on _________________________.

Question 37

Capillaries carry blood from ___________________ to _______________________.

Question 38

One purpose of portal circulation is to enable the liver to receive the iron of ___________________ destroyed in the spleen and ____________________ any excess.

Question 39

Arteries carry blood from the __________________ to ________________________.

Question 40

In pulmonary circulation,blood is pumped to the lungs by the ________________________.

Question 41

The skeletal muscle pump is especially important for venous return by the veins in the __________________________.

Question 42

In fetal circulation,the foramen ovale permits blood to flow from the __________________ to the _______________________.

Question 43

The venous return mechanism that is especially important for the veins of the legs is the ___________________________.

Question 44

In fetal circulation,the ________________________ permits blood to flow from the pulmonary artery to the aorta.

Question 45

In fetal circulation,the vessel that takes most incoming blood to the inferior vena cava is the ______________________________.

Question 46

In fetal circulation,blood flows from the fetus to the placenta through the _________________________.

Question 47

The venous return mechanism that is especially important for the veins in the thoracic cavity is the ________________________________.

Question 48

In fetal circulation,the umbilical arteries carry blood from the __________________ to the ____________________________.

Question 49

In fetal circulation,the ductus arteriosus permits blood to flow from the __________________________ to the ___________________________.

Question 50

In fetal circulation,blood in the umbilical __________________ has a high level of oxygen,and blood in the umbilical ________________________ has a high level of carbon dioxide.

Question 51

The respiratory pump is especially important for venous return by the veins in the _______________________________.

Question 52

In fetal circulation,the umbilical vein carries blood from the ___________________ to the ________________________.

Question 53

Veins are able to constrict because of the _________________________ tissue in their walls.

Question 54

The flow of venous return is kept to one direction only by the ____________________ in the veins.

Question 55

In fetal circulation,the purpose of the foramen ovale and the _________________________ is to permit blood to __________________________.

Question 56

If venous return decreases,cardiac output will ________________________.

Question 57

In fetal circulation,the _______________________ permits blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium.

Question 58

The elasticity of the large arteries permits them to ______________________ during left ventricular diastole,and thereby to _______________________ diastolic BP.

Question 59

Venous return is the amount of blood that is returned to the ______________________.

Question 60

The elasticity of the large arteries permits them to _____________________ during left ventricular systole,and thereby to _______________________ systolic BP.

Question 61

The hormone that raises blood pressure by increasing sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys is ___________________________.

Question 62

If venous return decreases,the heart contracts ______________ forcefully and cardiac output ________________________.

Question 63

The hormone that raises blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction throughout the body is ________________________________.

Question 64

To compensate for a small loss of blood,the kidneys will ___________________________.

Question 65

The large arteries are elastic,and recoil during left ventricular _____________________,thereby raising ______________________ BP.

Question 66

The hormone that raises blood pressure by increasing heart rate and force of contraction is ____________________________.

Question 67

Angiotensin II causes __________________ and stimulates the secretion of _____________________,both of which will ______________________ BP.

Question 68

The hormone that lowers blood pressure by increasing the excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys is __________________________.

Question 69

When blood flow through the kidneys decreases,the process of __________________ decreases,and _________________ is conserved to maintain BP.

Question 70

To compensate for a small loss of blood,the arteries will __________________________.

Question 71

When venous return increases,the heart contracts more forcefully; this is called __________________________.

Question 72

A normal blood pressure is considered to be below ________________________.

Question 73

Two hormones that affect blood pressure because they affect blood volume are _____________________ and ______________________.

Question 74

When BP decreases,the kidneys secrete _____________________,which initiates the formation of _________________________.

Question 75

The large arteries are elastic,and are stretched by left ventricular ___________________,thereby lowering ______________________ BP.

Question 76

The hormone that raises blood pressure by directly increasing the reabsorption of water by the kidneys is ___________________________.

Question 77

Starling's law of the heart states that when cardiac muscle fibers are stretched,they will ______________________.

Question 78

Renin is secreted by the ____________________ when blood pressure _________________.

Question 79

Two hormones that affect blood pressure because they affect the diameter of blood vessels are _________________________ and _______________________.

Question 80

To compensate for a small loss of blood,the heart rate will _______________________.