Deck 13 (MC): The Vascular System

Question 1

A venous anastomosis is important because it:

A)provides another pathway for blood to leave the heart
B)provides another pathway for blood to return to the heart
C)provides another pathway for blood to get to the capillaries of an organ
D)exchanges materials between blood and tissues

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Anastomoses are important if a blood vessel becomes blocked because they:

A)exert force to remove the blockage
B)exchange materials between blood and tissues
C)help prevent an increase in blood pressure
D)provide other pathways for the flow of blood

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The tissues of the wall of an artery or vein,in order from innermost to outermost,are:

A)smooth muscle,simple squamous epithelium,elastic connective tissue
B)simple squamous epithelium,smooth muscle,fibrous connective tissue
C)fibrous connective tissue,smooth muscle,simple squamous epithelium
D)smooth muscle,fibrous connective tissue,elastic connective tissue

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which statement is NOT true of the structure of arteries and veins?

A)The outer layer is fibrous connective tissue that prevents rupture of arteries.
B)The smooth muscle layer helps regulate blood pressure.
C)The epithelial lining is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting.
D)Valves in veins are made of smooth muscle to help keep the blood moving.

Question 5

In veins,the outer layer is thinner than in arteries because:

A)blood will not clot in veins
B)the blood pressure in veins is so low that rupture is unlikely
C)it has to help prevent backflow of blood
D)blood pressure is high in veins

Question 6

The layer in the wall of an artery that helps maintain blood pressure is the:

A)outer layer of fibrous connective tissue
B)simple squamous epithelial lining
C)middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
D)smooth muscle lining

Question 7

In capillaries,oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by the process of:

A)osmosis
B)phagocytosis
C)filtration
D)diffusion

Question 8

The function of the lining of an artery is to:

A)help maintain BP by raising it
B)prevent abnormal clotting
C)help maintain BP by lowering it
D)keep the blood moving

Question 9

The layer in the wall of an artery that prevents rupture of the artery is the:

A)outer layer of fibrous connective tissue
B)simple squamous epithelial lining
C)middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
D)smooth muscle lining

Question 10

The function of the outer layer of an artery is to:

A)help maintain BP
B)prevent rupture
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and to anchor the artery in place

Question 11

The tissue of which capillaries are made is:

A)simple squamous epithelium
B)smooth muscle
C)fibrous connective tissue
D)elastic connective tissue

Question 12

Blood flow into capillary networks is regulated by:

A)precapillary sphincters made of fibrous connective tissue
B)postcapillary sphincters made of fibrous connective tissue
C)precapillary sphincters made of smooth muscle
D)postcapillary sphincters made of smooth muscle

Question 13

The layer in the wall of a vein that is folded into valves is the:

A)lining
B)middle layer
C)outer layer
D)smooth muscle layer

Question 14

The layer in the wall of an artery that is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting is the:

A)outer layer of fibrous connective tissue
B)simple squamous epithelial lining
C)middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
D)smooth muscle lining

Question 15

Capillaries are made of simple squamous epithelium because this tissue is:

A)strong,to resist high blood pressure
B)thin,to permit exchanges of materials
C)elastic,to prevent ruptures
D)thick,to prevent leaking

Question 16

The function of the middle layer of an artery is to:

A)help maintain BP
B)prevent rupture
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and to prevent abnormal clotting

Question 17

The function of valves in veins is to:

A)help pump blood
B)keep the blood moving
C)prevent blood from flowing too fast
D)prevent backflow of blood

Question 18

The function of the lining in both arteries and veins is to:

A)prevent abnormal clotting
B)prevent backflow of blood
C)help maintain blood pressure
D)prevent the blood from flowing too fast

Question 19

An anastomosis in the vascular system is a connection between:

A)two arteries or two veins
B)two capillaries
C)arteries and capillaries
D)veins and capillaries

Question 20

An arterial anastomosis is important because it:

A)provides another pathway for blood to return to the heart
B)provides another pathway for blood to leave the capillaries of an organ
C)provides another pathway for blood to get to the capillaries of an organ
D)exchanges materials between blood and tissues

Question 21

All of these arteries are branches of the thoracic aorta except the:

A)intercostal arteries
B)hepatic artery
C)esophageal arteries
D)bronchial arteries

Question 22

Which artery is NOT paired with the part of the body to which it supplies blood?

A)superior mesenteric - spleen
B)bronchial - bronchial tubes
C)gastric - stomach
D)hepatic - liver

Question 23

All of these arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta except the:

A)celiac artery
B)inferior mesenteric artery
C)pericardial arteries
D)lumbar arteries

Question 24

Which of the following does NOT have capillary networks?

A)bone
B)skeletal muscle
C)cartilage
D)dermis of the skin

Question 25

The intercostal arteries are branches of the:

A)aortic arch
B)abdominal aorta
C)ascending aorta
D)thoracic aorta

Question 26

Capillaries carry blood from:

A)arteries to arterioles
B)veins to the heart
C)venules to arterioles
D)arterioles to venules

Question 27

Veins carry blood from:

A)arteries to capillaries
B)the heart to capillaries
C)capillaries to arteries
D)capillaries to the heart

Question 28

In capillaries,waste products dissolved in tissue fluid are returned to the blood by the process of:

A)diffusion
B)osmosis
C)filtration
D)phagocytosis

Question 29

Which vein is NOT paired with the part of the body it drains of blood?

A)external jugular - neck
B)common iliac - forearm
C)subclavian - shoulder
D)popliteal - knee

Question 30

Which of the following does NOT have capillary networks?

A)fibrous connective tissue
B)the epidermis
C)the iris of the eye
D)adipose tissue

Question 31

The superior mesenteric artery is a branch of the:

A)aortic arch
B)abdominal aorta
C)ascending aorta
D)thoracic aorta

Question 32

In capillaries,nutrients dissolved in plasma are brought to tissues by the process of:

A)filtration
B)diffusion
C)osmosis
D)phagocytosis

Question 33

In capillaries,osmosis is the process by which:

A)tissue fluid is formed
B)tissue fluid flows into capillaries
C)hormones exert their effects
D)A and B only

Question 34

Arteries carry blood from:

A)capillaries to the heart
B)veins to capillaries
C)veins to the heart
D)the heart to capillaries

Question 35

Which statement is NOT true of capillaries?

A)They are made of simple squamous epithelium that is thin.
B)Their function is to exchange materials between the blood and the tissue fluid (or cells).
C)Gases are exchanged by the process of osmosis.
D)They are found in networks in most tissues.

Question 36

Which vein is NOT paired with the part of the body it drains of blood?

A)renal - kidney
B)great saphenous - lower limb
C)ulnar - forearm
D)axillary - abdominal organs

Question 37

Which artery is NOT paired with the part of the body to which it supplies blood?

A)radial - forearm
B)anterior tibial - lower leg
C)brachial - shoulder
D)femoral - thigh

Question 38

In capillaries,diffusion is the process by which:

A)nutrients are brought to tissues
B)waste products are brought to tissues
C)hormones exert their effects
D)gases are exchanged

Question 39

Put the parts of the aorta in the proper sequence,beginning at the left ventricle:1.abdominal aorta2.aortic arch3.ascending aorta4.thoracic aorta
1. abdominal aorta
2. aortic arch
3. ascending aorta
4. thoracic aorta

A)3,2,4,1
B)2,3,1,4
C)4,3,1,2
D)1,4,2,3

Question 40

In capillaries,filtration is the process by which:

A)nutrients are brought to tissues
B)waste products are brought into the blood
C)gases are exchanged
D)A and B only

Question 41

In portal circulation,blood from the ___ flows through the liver before returning to the ___.

A)digestive organs and spleen/heart
B)heart/lungs
C)heart/digestive organs and spleen
D)lungs/heart

Question 42

The purpose of pulmonary circulation is to:

A)take blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange
B)take blood to the body to supply oxygen
C)regulate blood pressure in the lungs and body
D)regulate blood flow and oxygen in systemic capillaries

Question 43

The fetal structure that permits blood to flow from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava is the:

A)foramen magnum
B)foramen ovale
C)ductus venosus
D)ductus arteriosus

Question 44

The purpose of hepatic portal circulation is to enable the liver to:

A)regulate blood pressure by increasing it
B)remove waste products from the blood and excrete them in urine
C)increase venous return to the heart
D)regulate blood levels of nutrients and other substances

Question 45

Which of the following is the correct pathway of pulmonary circulation?

A)left ventricle to lungs to left atrium
B)left ventricle to lungs to right atrium
C)right ventricle to lungs to right atrium
D)right ventricle to lungs to left atrium

Question 46

Exchanges between fetal blood and maternal blood take place in the:

A)placenta
B)umbilical arteries
C)ductus venosus
D)umbilical vein

Question 47

Which of these is NOT an example of the purpose of hepatic portal circulation?

A)regulation of blood glucose level
B)removal of bilirubin from the blood for excretion
C)regulation of blood pressure
D)removal of iron from the blood for storage

Question 48

The fetal structure that permits blood to flow from the pulmonary artery to the aorta is the:

A)foramen ovale
B)ductus arteriosus
C)ductus venosus
D)foramen magnum

Question 49

In the fetus,the ductus venosus permits blood to flow:

A)from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
B)from the umbilical artery to the superior vena cava
C)from the umbilical vein to the superior vena cava
D)from the umbilical artery to the inferior vena cava

Question 50

Which statement is NOT true of the circle of Willis?

A)It is an arterial anastomosis.
B)The vertebral arteries contribute to it.
C)It ensures a sufficient blood supply to the brain.
D)The external carotid arteries contribute to it.

Question 51

In fetal circulation,most blood bypasses the fetal lungs by way of the:

A)foramen ovale and ductus venosus
B)ductus venosus and umbilical vein
C)umbilical vein and ductus arteriosus
D)ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale

Question 52

In pulmonary circulation,blood is pumped to the lungs by the:

A)left ventricle
B)right ventricle
C)left atrium
D)right atrium

Question 53

In the fetus,the ductus arteriosus permits blood to flow:

A)from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
B)from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
C)from the pulmonary artery to the pulmonary vein
D)from the aorta to the pulmonary vein

Question 54

In the fetus,the foramen ovale permits blood to flow:

A)from the right atrium to the left atrium
B)from the left atrium to the right atrium
C)from the right ventricle to the left ventricle
D)from the left ventricle to the right ventricle

Question 55

The fetal structure that permits blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium is the:

A)foramen ovale
B)ductus arteriosus
C)ductus venosus
D)foramen magnum

Question 56

Blood from the digestive organs and spleen flows into the liver through the:

A)inferior vena cava
B)portal vein
C)hepatic artery
D)hepatic vein

Question 57

The purpose of the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus is to:

A)permit most blood to bypass the fetal liver
B)permit most blood to flow through the fetal lungs
C)permit most blood to flow through the fetal liver
D)permit most blood to bypass the fetal lungs

Question 58

Blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation and capillaries is:

A)always high,to get sufficient oxygen into the blood
B)always high,to get carbon dioxide out of the alveoli
C)always low,to prevent rupture
D)always low,to prevent filtration and accumulation of fluid in the alveoli

Question 59

Blood flows from the placenta to the fetus through the:

A)ductus venosus
B)umbilical arteries
C)umbilical vein
D)ductus arteriosus

Question 60

Blood flows from the fetus to the placenta through the:

A)ductus venosus
B)umbilical arteries
C)umbilical vein
D)ductus arteriosus

Question 61

The skeletal muscle pump is an important mechanism for venous return in the:

A)cranial venous sinuses
B)veins of the legs
C)superior vena cava
D)jugular veins

Question 62

The effect of the hormone ADH on blood pressure is to:

A)raise it by increasing blood volume
B)lower it by decreasing blood volume
C)lower it by causing vasoconstriction
D)raise it by causing vasodilation

Question 63

The hormone that raises blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of water by the kidneys is:

A)epinephrine
B)ANP
C)ADH
D)norepinephrine

Question 64

Starling's law of the heart says that when cardiac muscle fibers are stretched,they will:

A)contract more forcefully
B)contract less forcefully
C)contract more rapidly
D)contract more slowly

Question 65

The hormone that raises blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys is:

A)aldosterone
B)epinephrine
C)ANP
D)ADH

Question 66

If the large arteries lose their elasticity,systolic BP will be:

A)lower than normal
B)higher than normal
C)erratic and constantly changing
D)unpredictable

Question 67

Which statement is NOT true of venous return?

A)The respiratory pump increases venous return in the veins of the chest cavity.
B)Walking increases venous return in the legs.
C)The smooth muscle of veins enables them to constrict and increase venous return.
D)If venous return decreases,cardiac output will increase to compensate.

Question 68

Which of these is NOT a mechanism that increases venous return?

A)more forceful contraction of the right ventricle
B)the respiratory pump
C)the skeletal muscle pump
D)constriction of the veins themselves

Question 69

Venous return is important to:

A)return blood to the heart to maintain cardiac output
B)return blood to the tissues to prevent overworking the heart
C)return blood to the heart to keep blood pressure low
D)return blood to the tissues to supply sufficient oxygen

Question 70

The large arteries have elastic connective tissue in their ___ layer,which is important to ___.

A)middle/help regulate blood pressure
B)outer/help prevent backflow of blood
C)outer/help regulate blood pressure
D)middle/help prevent backflow of blood

Question 71

When venous return increases,the heart contracts more forcefully.This is called:

A)Starling's law of the heart,and it decreases cardiac output
B)the venous reflex,and it decreases cardiac output
C)Starling's law of the heart,and it increases cardiac output
D)the venous reflex,and it increases cardiac output

Question 72

The hormone that raises blood pressure by increasing the heart rate is:

A)epinephrine
B)ANP
C)ADH
D)aldosterone

Question 73

Which statement is NOT true of fetal circulation?

A)Blood in the umbilical vein is high in oxygen.
B)The ductus venosus takes blood to the umbilical vein.
C)Fetal blood flows from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.
D)The placenta contains both fetal and maternal vessels.

Question 74

Which statement is true of the effect of the elasticity of the large arteries on BP?

A)It lowers diastolic BP and raises systolic BP.
B)It lowers systolic BP and raises diastolic BP.
C)It lowers both systolic and diastolic BP.
D)It raises both systolic and diastolic BP.

Question 75

The hormone that raises blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction throughout the body is:

A)ADH
B)norepinephrine
C)ANP
D)aldosterone

Question 76

The hormone that lowers blood pressure by increasing the excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys is:

A)ADH
B)aldosterone
C)norepinephrine
D)ANP

Question 77

Veins are able to constrict and increase venous return because of their:

A)smooth muscle receiving parasympathetic impulses
B)valves receiving parasympathetic impulses
C)smooth muscle receiving sympathetic impulses
D)valves receiving sympathetic impulses

Question 78

The respiratory pump is an important mechanism for venous return for the:

A)jugular veins
B)veins of the arms
C)veins of the legs
D)veins in the thoracic cavity

Question 79

Which statement is NOT true of fetal circulation?

A)The foramen ovale permits blood to bypass the fetal liver.
B)The umbilical arteries take blood from the fetus to the placenta.
C)The ductus arteriosus permits blood to bypass the fetal lungs.
D)The placenta is the site of exchanges between maternal blood and fetal blood.

Question 80

The effect of the hormone aldosterone on blood pressure is to:

A)raise it by causing vasoconstriction
B)lower it by decreasing blood volume
C)raise it by increasing blood volume
D)lower it by causing vasodilation